• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.109-121
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• 2000

Increasingly nursing science is embracing the concepts and methodology derived from psycho-neuroimmunology. It has been previously shown that stress increases and immune function declines in students undergoing examinations. To date, however, no many studies have been reported on stress levels, immune function and interventions in Korean students undergoing their first clinical nursing rotation. It was proposed that nursing students during their first clinical rotation experience increase in stress because of the novelty of the situation and their lack of clinical knowledge. It was also hypothesized that biofeedback and progressive relaxation, methods of self-regulation of involuntary autonomic nervous system responses, would reduce the stress response. The purpose of this study is to test the effectiveness of progressive muscle laxation using biofeedback The effectiveness of the experimental methods was tested by measuring the degree of symptoms of stress (SOS) and the values of ephinephrine, pulse rate, blood pressure and natural killer cells. The subjects of this study were thirty nursing students divided into two groups: experimental group was progressive muscle relaxation group using biofeedback and control group. This study was conducted for 8 weeks of clinical practice. Biofeedback training was done by software developed by J&J company (1-410 form for progressive muscle training). Progressive muscle relaxation training according to Jacobson's Theory was done by messaged word from biofeedback. The data was analyzed using Chronbach' ${\alpha}$ and t-test of the SPSS program and the significance level of statistics was 5%. The results of the study were : 1) The progressive muscle relaxation training using biofeedback was effective for the reduction of symptoms of stress(t=-4.248, p<.001) under clinical practice stress conditions. 2) The progressive muscle relaxation training using biofeedback was not effective for the values of epinephrine(t=-1.294, p=.206). 3) The progressive muscle relaxation training using biofeedback was effective for the reduction of systolic blood pressure (t=-2.757, p=.01). 4) The progressive muscle relaxation training using biofeedback was effective for the reduction of diastolic blood pressure (p=-2.032, 0=.05). 5) The progressive muscle relaxation training using biofeedback was not effective for the reduction of pulse rate(t=-15, p=.988). 6) The progressive muscle relaxation training using biofeedback was effective for the maintenance of natural killer cells (t=2.381, p=02). The first clinical rotation for student nurses is a stressful experience as seen by the rise in the SOS in the control group. Biofeedback using progressive muscle relaxation were effective in preventing the rise of symptoms of stress and the blood pressure means when comparing the pre to post clinical experience, The mean natural killer cell count was depressed in the control group but not significantly different in the experimental groups, It is proposed here that stress via the hypothalamic - pituitary - adrenal axis suppressed the NK cell count whereas the relaxation methods prevented the rise in stress and the resulting immune depression. We recommend relaxation techniques using biofeedback as a health promotion technique to reduce psychological stress. In summary. the progressive muscle relaxation training using biofeedback was effective for the reduction of symptoms of stress under clinical practice stress conditions.

• 전자공학회논문지 IE
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• v.49 no.1
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• pp.24-29
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• 2012

In this paper, we propose a progressive filter for impulse noise reduction. The proposed method uses non-linear filter and linear filter progressively. Non-linear filter reduces abrupt noise pattern. Also, linear filter adjusts filtering direction according to an edge in the image which is filtered by non-linear filter. Thus, our proposed method not only preserves edge, but also reduces noise in uniform region. Experimental results show that our proposed method has better quality than those by existing non-linear and linear progressive filtering methods.

• Journal of Korea Society of Digital Industry and Information Management
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.41-48
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• 2012

In this paper, we propose a method of edge detection for noisy image. The proposed method uses a progressive filter for noise reduction and a Sobel operator for edge detection. The progressive filter combines a median filter and a modified rational filter. The proposed method for noise reduction adjusts rational filter direction according to an edge in the image which is obtained by median filtering. Our method effectively attenuates the noise while preserving the image details. Edge detection is performed by a Sobel operator. This operator can be implemented by integer operation and is therefore relatively fast. Our proposed method not only preserves edge, but also reduces noise in uniform region. Thus, edge detection is well performed. Our proposed method could improve results using further developed Sobel operator. Experimental results show that our proposed method has better edge detection with correct positions than those by existing median and rational filtering methods for noisy image.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.67-77
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• 2017

Demands for housing has diversified recently due to low birth rate and the growth of aging population. Also, a share of idle houses and obsolete houses over 20 years old is gradually rising. Therefore, there is a need for a sustainable, environment-friendly improvement policy that is in line with a new housing paradigm and avoids full-scale new construction, such as a customized housing renovation plan considering local economic circumstances. Therefore, afforestation system applicable to buildings are assessed positively, but lack objective performance evaluation. Through one-year, long-term monitoring of replicated obsolete buildings that have poor insulation performance, this study calculated monthly average power consumption and analyzed power charges by applying pricing plans before and after the revision of progressive tax in order to examine economic effects expected by applying the afforestation system. In the obsolete buildings, the study showed that monthly average power consumption was reduced by 16.6kWh with 5.2% average reduction rate. Highest reduction was made in July at 11.3%. Aggregate monthly power consumption charges were relatively high in winter before and after the revision of progressive tax. Power charges reduction effect was highest in March when monthly power consumption was reduced to 300kWh level by applying the afforestation system.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.855-869
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to test the effectiveness of self-management relaxation training through biofeedback and progressive muscle relaxation methods. The effectiveness of the experimental methods was tested by measuring the degree of symptoms of stress (SOS), the McNair's profile of Mood States (POMS), the levels of ephinephrine, norepinephrine, pulse rate, blood pressure and natural killer cells. The subjects of this study were sixty six nursing students divided into four groups : two groups were the biofeedback and progressive muscle relaxation groups, the other two groups served as control groups. One was a group of sophomores with no experience at all, the other a junior group without self -management or relaxation training. This study was conducted for eight weeks of clinical practice from April, 26th 1998 to June, 20th 1998. Biofeedback training was done with software developed by J&J company (1-410 form for abdominal respiration training). Progressive muscle relaxation training was done with u audiotape recorded according to Jacobson's Theory. The data were analyzed with frequencies, means, and analysis of covariance using the SPSS program and the significance level of statistics was 5%. The results of the study are : 1) The importance of clinical practice stress reduction is shown in that the level of symptoms of stress in the experimental groups in clinical practice was higher than in the group receiving only a lecture. 2) The relaxation training methods of biofeedback and progressive muscle relaxation were effective in reducing the symptoms of stress under the clinical practice stress conditions. 3) The effectiveness of the biofeedback training relaxation method to reduce symptoms of stress was higher than that of progressive muscle relaxation. 4) The relaxation training methods of biofeedback and progressive muscle relaxation were effective in reducing stressful mood states. 5) The relaxation training methods of biofeedback and progressive muscle relaxation were not effective in reducing epinephrine and norepinephrine levels. 6) The relaxation training methods of biofeedback and progressive muscle relaxation were effective in increaing the number of natural killer cells. 7) The relaxation training methods of biofeedback and progressive muscle relaxation were effective in decreasing high systolic and diastolic values of blood pressure and high pulse rates. In summary, the relaxation methods of biofeedback and progressive muscle relaxation in reducing clinical practice stress were effective in lowering the level of symptoms of stress and the profile of stressful mood states. They were also effective in lowering high blood pressure and pulse rates. The relaxation methods were effective in increasing the number of natural killer cells as part of the immune function. However, relaxation methods were not effective in reducing the catecholamine level. The biofeedback training method for reduction of symptoms of stress was more effective than the progressive muscle relaxation method.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.481-495
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• 2021

This article assesses and estimates the progressive failure mechanism of complex pit-rest secondary toppling of slopes that are located within the vicinity of the Gas Flare Site of Refinery No. 4 in South Pars Special Zone (SPSZ), southwest Iran. The finite element numerical procedure based on the Shear Strength Reduction (SSR) technique has been employed for the stability analysis. In this regard, several step modelling stages that were conducted to evaluate the slope stability status revealed that the main instability was situated on the left-hand side (western) slope in the Flare Site. The toppling was related to the rock column-overburden system in relation to the overburden pressure on the rock columns which led to the progressive instability of the slope. This load transfer from the overburden has most probably led to the separation of the rock column and to its rotation downstream of the slope in the form of a complex pit-rest secondary toppling. According to the numerical modelling, it was determined that the Strength Reduction Factor (SRF) decreased substantially from 5.68 to less than 0.320 upon progressive failure. The estimated shear and normal stresses in the block columns ranged from 1.74 MPa to 8.46 MPa, and from 1.47 MPa to 16.8 MPa, respectively. In addition, the normal and shear displacements in the block columns ranged from 0.00609 m to 0.173 m and from 0.0109 m to 0.793 m, respectively.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.11-20
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• 2024

Among the generative models in Artificial Intelligence (AI), especially Generative Adversarial Network (GAN) has been successful in various applications such as image processing, density estimation, and style transfer. While the GAN models including Conditional GAN (CGAN), CycleGAN, BigGAN, have been extended and improved, researchers face challenges in real-world applications in specific domains such as disaster simulation, healthcare, and urban planning due to data scarcity and unstable learning causing Image distortion. This paper proposes a new progressive learning methodology called Progressive Step Training (PST) based on the Auxiliary Classifier GAN (ACGAN) that discriminates class labels, leveraging the progressive learning approach of the Progressive Growing of GAN (PGGAN). The PST model achieves 70.82% faster stabilization, 51.3% lower standard deviation, stable convergence of loss values in the later high resolution stages, and a 94.6% faster loss reduction compared to conventional methods.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.529-540
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• 1994

Rapidly progressive periodontitis is known to be usually associated with systemic problems and improved with antibiotic therapy. Recent experiments in which bioresorbable polycaprolactone was polymerized with minocycline has shown that the system released effective antibiotic concentration during the 7 days' period. This clinical trial was to compare the efficacy of a minocycline film(poly-caprolactone+polyglycol+10% minocycline) insertion plus supragingival scaling(MS) or subgingival scaling & root planing(MSRP) with the scaling(S) or subgingival scaling & root planing alone(SRP), at improving the periodontal condition in RPP. Fifteen patients were examined for plaque accumulation, gingival inflammation, probing depth and attachment loss at baseline, then 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks after 4 treatment regimens were randomly undergone in 4 comparable sites(PD>5mm, LA>3mm) in each subject. Results revealed statistically significant treatement effect with a reduction in a probing depth in SRP(2.0mm), MS(1.8mm), and MSRP(2.1mm). There was no significant reduction in the supragingival scaling alone group(0.6mm). Similarly, attachment levels were significantly improved in the SRP(1.5mm), MS(2.0mm) and MSRP(2.0mm) groups. Net % BOP reduction at 8 week compared to baseline was 6.7% (S), 26.7% (MS), 26.7% (SRP), and 33.3% (MSRP). MSRP produced the greatest improvement in BOP at 8 week. This data suggests that a subgingival minocycline delivery system as a adjunct to scaling alone or scaling & root planing may produce significant clinical benefits over scaling alone in rapidly progressive periodontitis patients.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.5 no.11
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• pp.2068-2086
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• 2011

Based on the quincunx sub-sampling grid, the New Interleaved Hierarchical INTerpolation (NIHINT) method is recognized as a superior pyramid data structure for the lossless and progressive coding of natural images. In this paper, we propose a new image interpolation algorithm, Edge Adaptive Hierarchical INTerpolation (EAHINT), for a further reduction in the entropy of interpolation errors. We compute the local variance of the causal context to model the strength of a local edge around a target pixel and then apply three statistical decision rules to classify the local edge into a strong edge, a weak edge, or a medium edge. According to these local edge types, we apply an interpolation method to the target pixel using a one-directional interpolator for a strong edge, a multi-directional adaptive weighting interpolator for a medium edge, or a non-directional static weighting linear interpolator for a weak edge. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm achieves a better compression bit rate than the NIHINT method for lossless image coding. It is shown that the compression bit rate is much better for images that are rich in directional edges and textures. Our algorithm also shows better rate-distortion performance and visual quality for progressive image transmission.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.202-208
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• 2015

Progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis type 3 (PFIC3) is an autosomal recessive disorder of cholestasis of hepatocellular origin, typically seen in infancy or childhood caused by a defect in the ABCB4 located on chromosome 7. Here we report on an older patient, aged 15, who presented with biochemical testing that led to an initial consideration of a diagnosis of Wilson disease (WD) resulting in a delayed diagnosis of PFIC3. Diagnosis of PFIC3 was later confirmed by molecular studies that identified novel mutations in the ABCB4 gene. Cholestasis due to PFIC3 can cause elevated hepatic copper and increased urine copper excretion that overlap with current diagnostic criteria for WD. Molecular diagnostics are very useful for establishing the diagnosis of PFIC3. Ursodeoxycholic acid ameliorates cholestasis in PFIC3, and may help mediate a reduction in hepatic copper content in response to treatment.