• Interaction and multiscale mechanics
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.321-332
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• 2009

Recent development in composites containing phase-transforming particles, such as vanadium dioxide or barium titanate, reveals the overall stiffness and viscoelastic damping of the composites may be unbounded (Lakes et al. 2001, Jaglinski et al. 2007). Negative stiffness is induced from phase transformation predicted by the Landau phase transformation theory. Although this unbounded phenomenon is theoretically supported with the composite homogenization theory, detailed stress analyses of the composites are still lacking. In this work, we analyze the stress distribution of the Hashin-Shtrikman (HS) composite and its two-dimensional variant, namely a circular inclusion in a square plate, under the assumption that the Young's modulus of the inclusion is negative. Assumption of negative stiffness is a priori in the present analysis. For stress analysis, a closed form solution for the HS model and finite element solutions for the 2D composite are presented. A static loading condition is adopted to estimate the effective modulus of the composites by the ratio of stress to average strain on the loading edges. It is found that the interfacial stresses between the circular inclusion and matrix increase dramatically when the negative stiffness is so tuned that overall stiffness is unbounded. Furthermore, it is found that stress distributions in the inclusion are not uniform, contrary to Eshelby's theorem, which states, for two-phase, infinite composites, the inclusion's stress distribution is uniform when the shape of the inclusion has higher symmetry than an ellipse. The stability of the composites is discussed from the viewpoint of deterioration of perfect interface conditions due to excessive interfacial stresses.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.818-823
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• 2012

Tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) is an important cool season forage plant that is not well suited to extreme heat, salts, or heavy metals. To develop transgenic tall fescue plants with enhanced tolerance to abiotic stress, we introduced an alfalfa Hsp23 gene expression vector construct through Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. Integration and expression of the transgene were confirmed by polymerase chain reaction, northern blot, and western blot analyses. Under normal growth conditions, there was no significant difference in the growth of the transgenic plants and the non-transgenic controls. However, when exposed to various stresses such as salt or arsenic, transgenic plants showed a significantly lower accumulation of hydrogen peroxide and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances than control plants. The reduced accumulation of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances indicates that the transgenic plants possessed a more efficient reactive oxygen species-scavenging system. We speculate that the high levels of MsHsp23 proteins in the transgenic plants protect leaves from oxidative damage through chaperon and antioxidant activities. These results suggest that MsHsp23 confers abiotic stress tolerance in transgenic tall fescue and may be useful in developing stress tolerance in other crops.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.1115-1118
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• 2008

${\alpha}$-Galactosidase gene (aga) from Leuconostoc mesenteroides SY1 was expressed in a heterologous host, Lactobacillus brevis 2.14 using an Escherichia coli-Leuconostoc shuttle vector, pSJE. pSJEaga (pSJE carrying aga) was introduced into Lactobacillus brevis 2.14 by electroporation and transformation efficiency was $1.1{\times}10^3$ per ${\mu}g$ DNA. L. brevis transformants (TFs) showed higher ${\alpha}$-galactosidase (${\alpha}$-Gal) activities than cells containing pSJE. Transcription levels of aga in L. brevis 2.14 grown on different carbon sources (1%, w/v) were examined by slot blot analysis. Aga transcript levels and ${\alpha}$-Gal activities were higher in cells grown on melibiose, raffinose, and galactose than cells on glucose, sucrose, and fructose. Western blot result showed that L. brevis 2.14 harboring pSJEaga produced much more ${\alpha}$-Gal when grown on melibiose than on glucose.

• Tunnel and Underground Space
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.486-491
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• 2000

Blasting vibrations velocity had been used to design blasting pattern and predict damage-possibility of structures. As vibration levels are currently required to estimate the damage concerning human-body and livestock, so measured vibration velocities must be transformed into vibration levels. In this study, the digital filter program was developed to transform measured data into vibration levels. Simple harmonic vibrations and measured data obtain by Blastmate series (Instantel Inc.) were applied to the digital filter program. As a result, simple harmonic vibrations and measured data were successfully transformed into vibration levels using the developed program. Measured data from any instrument with ASCII output-function will similarly be transformed into level units.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Rock Mechanics Conference
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• 2000.09a
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• pp.241-246
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• 2000

Blasting vibrations velocity had been used to design blasting pattern and predict damage-possibility of structures. As vibration levels are currently required to estimate the damage concerning human-body and livestock, so measured vibration velocities must be transformed into vibration levels. In this study, the digital filter program was developed to transform measured data into vibration levels. Simple harmonic vibrations and measured data obtained by Blastmate series (Instantel Inc.) were applied to the digital filter program. As a result, simple harmonic vibrations and measured data were successfully transformed into vibration levels using the developed program. Measured data from any instrument with ASCII output-function will similarly be transformed into level units.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.69-81
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• 2001

This paper describes a parallel programming environment to help programmer to write parallel programs. Parallel program must be write according to the character of the various hardware or program. So it is difficult for the programs to write the parallel programmer. In this paper, we propose and implement a parallel programming environment using graph type intermediate representation form, and graph user interface is provided for programmer to get parallel programs easily, This parallel environment supports special functions using graph type intermediate representation form. The special functions involve program editing. data dependence analysis, loop transformation. CFG, PDG, HTG. This parallel environment helps users make parallelism and optimization easy through showing the intermediate code with graph.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.7 no.10
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• pp.897-907
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• 2020

The development of information technology and the demands of society on an application in an operating system, as well as increasing the specifications and sophistication of smartphones, require banks to make changes to their mobile banking applications. The transformation of the mobile banking application into a digital banking application conducted by banks has made users re-evaluate based on their preferences. This study presents the behavior of users of digital banking applications in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. The hypothesis model is based on Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) with additional factors of the social image, perceived risk and perceived trust adopted from Muñoz-Leiva et al. (2017). The methodology in this study includes data collection through questionnaires distributed online and data analysis using the Structural Equation Model. The results of this study illustrate that the perceived trust and perceived risk have a more dominant part in influencing user attitude and user intention to use digital banking. Meanwhile, social image, perceived ease-of-use and perceived usefulness are not significant in influencing user attitude and user intention to use digital banking. The implication of this research helps to determine the right communication and strategy so that more users with more benefits can utilize this digital banking application.

• Advances in materials Research
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.1-12
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• 2012

There have been many efforts on the generating metal nanocrystals enclosed by high-index facets for the use as highly active catalysts. This paper describes a facile synthesis of Au trisoctahedra with high-index facets. In brief, the Au trisoctahdra were prepared by reduction of $HAuCl_4$ in N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) containing poly (vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP) and trace amount of $AgNO_3$. The Ag ions in the reaction solution played a critical role in controlling the trisoctahedral shape of the final product by underpotential deposition (UPD) on the Au surfaces. The as-prepared Au trisoctahedra were single crystal and enclosed by high-index {441}, {773} and {331} facets.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Technology Engineers
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.81-90
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• 1998

Noise produced by surface transportation vehicles affects our daily lives, penetrating wherver man lives or works. In this paper, a theoretical model has been studied to describe the sound radiation by the surface vibration of in-service tires and studied about an experiment on sound radiation characteristic due to tire vibration. When a tire is analyzed, it has been modeled as a curved beams with distributed sprongs and dash-pots which represent the radial, tangential stiffnes and damping of tire, respectively. The experimental investigation for the sound radiation of a radial tire has been made. Based on the sound intensity and STSF(Spatial Transformation of Sound Field) techniques. the sound pressure and the sound radiation are measured. The comparison of numerically analyzed results with experimental results was made seperately for the tire in rotation. As a result of this study, a program for the prediction of the tire vibration sound radiation was intended to by developed which enables a designer of a tire to foresee the influence of the various design factors on the tire vibration sound radiation.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.170-176
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• 2016

Purpose: This study aimed to improve the method for determining the position of the center of gravity for agricultural tractors. Methods: The proposed method uses trigonometric functions and coordinate transformation. Data were measured according to the ISO 789-6 test procedures for the center of gravity of agricultural tractors. The height calculated using the proposed method was compared with that determined from an AutoCAD drawing. To find the center of gravity of the tractor, the algorithm for finding the intersection of the two lines was used. Results: The vertical height from the ground to the center of gravity is 682.06 mm. The vertical coordinates obtained from the calculation and the drawing were the same. Conclusions: The developed method uses trigonometric and polar coordinate transformation. The method was compared and verified with the AutoCAD drawing results. The results indicate that users can apply this developed method instead of the plotting method which is an inconvenient and time-consuming. Further, users can program Microsoft Excel to easily determine the vertical coordinate. In addition, researchers will propose this method to the ISO as a standard method for determining the center of gravity in accordance with ISO 789-6.