• 한국정보과학회논문지:컴퓨팅의 실제 및 레터
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• 제16권12호
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• pp.1177-1187
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• 2010

플래시 메모리는 휴대성, 저전력, 대용량의 특징을 갖고 있어 휴대용 기기에서의 사용이 증가하고 있다. 그러나 하드디스크와는 달리 플래시 메모리는 읽기 연산에 비해 쓰기 연산의 비용이 상대적으로 커서, 쓰기 연산 횟수 감소에 대한 연구가 요구된다. 본 논문에서는 데이터 쓰기 연산 횟수를 감소시키기 위해, 플래시 메모리에 저장된 데이터를 다루는 응용 프로그램을 재작성하여 저장될 데이터를 적절히 재배치하기 위한 정적 분석 기법을 제안하였다. 이 기법은 프로그램을 정적 분석해서 쓰기 연산 부분을 파악하고, 이들을 분리해내어 저장되도록 프로그램을 재작성 함으로써, 수행 시간에 전체 쓰기 영역이 줄어들도록 하는 것이다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 프로그램에서 다루어지는 데이터 중 쓰기 가능한 영역을 얻어내는 분석과 가능한 작은 개수의 페이지에 쓰기 대상 부분이 모여 있도록 재배치하기 위한 분석을 고안하였다. 정적 분석 결과는 자주 수행되는 프로그램 경로에 대한 프로파일링 결과와 조합되어 보다 실제적인 분석 결과를 얻고자 하였으며, 결과적으로, FAST 시뮬레이터 상에서 데이터 처리 성능을 향상시키는 데에 기여함을 보였다.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제32권6호
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• pp.489-499
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• 2016

Green shoot cuttings of 10 different grapevine species were inoculated with Agrobacterium vitis to find disease-related metabolites in the grapevine. Crown galls formed 60 days after inoculation varied in gall severity (GS) evaluated by gall incidence (GI) and gall diameter (GD), which were classified into three response types as RR (low GI and small GD), SR (high GI and small GD), and SS (high GI and large GD), corresponding to resistant, moderately resistant, and susceptible responses, respectively. In this, 4, 4, and 2 Vitis species were classified into RR, SR, and SS, respectively. Gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of the grapevine stem metabolites with A. vitis infection showed 134 metabolites in various compound classes critically occurred, which were differentially clustered with the response types by the principal component analysis. Multivariate analysis of the metabolite profile revealed that 11 metabolites increased significantly in relation to the response types, mostly at post-inoculation stages, more prevalently (8 metabolites) at two days after inoculation than other stages, and more related to SS (7 metabolites) than RR (3 metabolites) or SR (one metabolite). This suggests most of the disease-related metabolites may be rarely pre-existing but mostly induced by pathogen infection largely for facilitating gall development except stilbene compound resveratrol, a phytoalexin that may be involved in the resistance response. All of these aspects may be used for the selection of resistant grapevine cultivars and their rootstocks for the control of the crown gall disease of the grapevine.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제30권11호
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• pp.1697-1705
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• 2020

Meju, a type of fermented soybean paste, is used as a starter in the preparation of various Korean traditional soybean-based foods. In this study, we performed Illumina-MiSeq paired-end sequencing for microbial communities and mass spectrometry analysis for metabolite profiling to investigate the differences between 11 traditional meju products from different regions across Korea. Even though the bacterial and fungal communities showed remarkable variety, major genera including Bacillus, Enterococcus, Variovorax, Pediococcus, Weissella, and Aspergillus were detected in every sample of meju. The metabolite profile patterns of the 11 samples were clustered into two main groups: group I (M1-5) and group II (M6-11). The metabolite analysis indicated a relatively higher amino acid content in group I, while group II exhibited higher isoflavone, soyasaponin, and lysophospholipid contents. The bioactivity analysis proved that the ABTS (2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)) radical-scavenging activity was higher in group II and the FRAP (ferric reducing antioxidant power) activity was higher in group I. The correlation analysis revealed that the ABTS activity was isoflavonoid, lipid, and soyasaponin related, whereas the FRAP activity was amino acid and flavonoid related. These results suggest that the antioxidant activities of meju are critically influenced by the microbiome and metabolite dynamics.

• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.825-839
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• 2014

Antioxidant activity is important for reducing oxidative stress that causes various metabolic disorders. Metabolic disorders are highly related to loss of productivity in livestock. Therefore, development of effective antioxidant compounds originating from plants is important for organic agriculture. Phenolic compounds in edible plants are regarded as major components relevant to antioxidant activity. The present study investigated the changes in antioxidant activity and phenolic compound profiles of Aronia (Aronia meloncarpa) by fermentation using different strains of Leuconostoc mesenteroides. A total of 5 strains of L. mesenteroides were used as starter cultures and their ${\beta}$-glucosidase activities were measured. A total of 6 experiment runs were prepared, one for control (uninoculated) and the others (inoculated) for treatments. For biological activity, antioxidant and antibacterial activities were measured. For phenolic compound profiling, TLC and HPLC analysis were performed. The strains of KACC12313 and KACC12315 showed greater enzyme activity than others. Treatment with KCCM35046 showed strong and broad antibacterial activity against to Listeria monocytogenes. Treatments with KCCM35046 and KACC12315 showed the highest total polyphenol content. The highest antioxidant activity was found in KACC12315 treatment. No remarkable alteration was found in thin layer chromatography (TLC) analysis. In phenolic compound profiling analysis, KCCM35046 showed notable alteration in compound area ratio compared to others and also showed the highest caffeic acid content. In chlorogenic acid, treatments with KCCM35046 and KACC12315 showed great content than others. Treatment with KACC12315 showed the greatest content of trans-ferulic acid. As a result of relative performance indexing analysis, L. mesenteroides KCCM35046 and KACC12315 were selected as the best strain for the fermentation of Aronia.

• 정보관리연구
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• 제43권2호
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• pp.43-66
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• 2012

이 연구는 저자프로파일링 기법을 활용하여 국내 수의과학 분야의 지적 구조에 대한 계량적인 접근을 시도하였다. 계량적인 접근은 인용 데이터를 기본으로 수의과학 분야의 국내 3개 주요 학술지를 선정하고, 선정된 학술지에 수록된 740편의 논문 가운데 주요 저자 50인의 논문을 대상으로 분석하였다. 분석결과 분석 대상 50인의 저자는 주제적 연관성에 따라 4개의 상위 클러스터와 11개의 하위 클러스터를 형성하는 것으로 나타났다. 이 연구에서는 주제분야별 지적 구조의 시각화를 위하여 다차원척도법을 이용하여 지도를 생성하였으며, 각 클러스터별로 선정된 저자의 논문 제목, 초록 및 키워드를 이용하여 4개 상위 클러스터 및 11개 하위 클러스터의 주제를 판정하였다. 또한 각 주제분야 클러스터별로 저작 활동이 활발한 연구자를 선정하고 연구자의 관심 주제 분야를 표현하였다. 이 연구를 통하여 수의과학 분야의 주제별 연구자간의 네트워크와 최근 연구 동향 파악이 가능하였다.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제64권7호
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• pp.355-363
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• 2021

Background: Nephrotic syndrome (NS) is a common renal disorder in children attributed to podocyte injury. However, children with the same diagnosis have markedly variable treatment responses, clinical courses, and outcomes, suggesting molecular heterogeneity. Purpose: This study aimed to explore the molecular responses of podocytes to nephrotic plasma to identify specific genes and signaling pathways differentiating various clinical NS groups as well as biological processes that drive injury in normal podocytes. Methods: Transcriptome profiles from immortalized human podocyte cell line exposed to the plasma of 8 subjects (steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome [SSNS], n=4; steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome [SRNS], n=2; and healthy adult individuals [control], n=2) were generated using microarray analysis. Results: Unsupervised hierarchical clustering of global gene expression data was broadly correlated with the clinical classification of NS. Differential gene expression (DGE) analysis of diseased groups (SSNS or SRNS) versus healthy controls identified 105 genes (58 up-regulated, 47 down-regulated) in SSNS and 139 genes (78 up-regulated, 61 down-regulated) in SRNS with 55 common to SSNS and SRNS, while the rest were unique (50 in SSNS, 84 genes in SRNS). Pathway analysis of the significant (P≤0.05, -1≤ log2 FC ≥1) differentially expressed genes identified the transforming growth factor-β and Janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription pathways to be involved in both SSNS and SRNS. DGE analysis of SSNS versus SRNS identified 2,350 genes with values of P≤0.05, and a heatmap of corresponding expression values of these genes in each subject showed clear differences in SSNS and SRNS. Conclusion: Our study observations indicate that, although podocyte injury follows similar pathways in different clinical subgroups, the pathways are modulated differently as evidenced by the heatmap. Such transcriptome profiling with a larger cohort can stratify patients into intrinsic subtypes and provide insight into the molecular mechanisms of podocyte injury.

• 정보보호학회논문지
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• 제30권6호
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• pp.1271-1278
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• 2020

딥러닝 기반 프로파일링 부채널 분석은 신경망을 이용해 부채널 정보와 중간값의 관계를 파악하는 공격 방법이다. 신경망은 신호의 각 시점을 별도의 차원으로 해석하므로 차원별 가중치를 갖는 신경망은 지터가 있는 데이터의 분포를 학습하기 어렵다. 본 논문에서는 CNN(Convolutional Neural Network)의 완전연결 층을 GAP(Global Average Pooling)로 대체하면 태생적으로 지터에 강건한 신경망을 구성할 수 있음을 보인다. 이를 입증하기 위해 ChipWhisperer-Lite 전력 수집 보드에서 수집한 파형에 대해 실험한 결과 검증 데이터 집합에 대한 완전연결 층을 사용하는 CNN의 정확도는 최대 1.4%에 불과했으나, GAP를 사용하는 CNN의 정확도는 최대 41.7%로 매우 높게 나타났다.

• Genomics & Informatics
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2012

Recently, the technologies of DNA sequence variation and gene expression profiling have been used widely as approaches in the expertise of genome biology and genetics. The application to genome study has been particularly developed with the introduction of the nextgeneration DNA sequencer (NGS) Roche/454 and Illumina/ Solexa systems, along with bioinformation analysis technologies of whole-genome $de$ $novo$ assembly, expression profiling, DNA variation discovery, and genotyping. Both massive whole-genome shotgun paired-end sequencing and mate paired-end sequencing data are important steps for constructing $de$ $novo$ assembly of novel genome sequencing data. It is necessary to have DNA sequence information from a multiplatform NGS with at least $2{\times}$ and $30{\times}$ depth sequence of genome coverage using Roche/454 and Illumina/Solexa, respectively, for effective an way of de novo assembly. Massive shortlength reading data from the Illumina/Solexa system is enough to discover DNA variation, resulting in reducing the cost of DNA sequencing. Whole-genome expression profile data are useful to approach genome system biology with quantification of expressed RNAs from a wholegenome transcriptome, depending on the tissue samples. The hybrid mRNA sequences from Rohce/454 and Illumina/Solexa are more powerful to find novel genes through $de$ $novo$ assembly in any whole-genome sequenced species. The $20{\times}$ and $50{\times}$ coverage of the estimated transcriptome sequences using Roche/454 and Illumina/Solexa, respectively, is effective to create novel expressed reference sequences. However, only an average $30{\times}$ coverage of a transcriptome with short read sequences of Illumina/Solexa is enough to check expression quantification, compared to the reference expressed sequence tag sequence.

• Genomics & Informatics
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.16-22
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• 2006

The KFDA (Korea Food & Drug Administration) has performed a collaborative toxicogenomics project since 2003. Its aim is to construct a toxicology database of 12 compounds administered to mice at initial phase. We chose 6-MP (6-mercaptopurine) which has been used in the treatment of childhood leukemia. It was administered at low (0.224 mg/kg) and at high (2.24 mg/kg) dose (5 mice per group) intraperitonealy to the postnatal 6 weeks mice, then the serum and liver were collected at the indicated time (6, 24 and 72 h) after scarification. Serum biochemical markers for liver toxicity were measured and histopathologic studies also were carried out. The gene expression profiling was carried out by using Applied Biosystems 1700 Full Genome Expression Mouse. By self-organization maps (SOM), we identified groups with unique gene expression patterns, some of them are supposed to be related to 6-MP induced toxicity, including lipid metabolism abnormality, inflammatory response, oxidative stress, ATP depletion and cell death. The potential toxic effects appearing as gene expression changes are dependent of the time of 6-MP but independent of the dosage of it. This study would contribute to establishment of international database as well as national one about hepatotoxicity.

• 한국식물생명공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국식물생명공학회 2002년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.19-25
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• 2002

Biotechnology in the 21st century will be driven by three emerging technologies: genomics, high-throughput biology, and bioinformatics. These technologies are complementary to one another. A large number of economically important crops are currently subjected to whole genome sequencing. Functional genomics for determining the functions of the genes comprising the given plant genome is under progress by using various means including phenotyping data from transgenic mutants, gene expression profiling data from DNA microarrays, and metabolic profiling data from LC/mass analysis. The aim of plant molecular breeding is shifting from introducing agronomic traits such as herbicide and insect resistance to introducing quality traits such as healthful oils and proteins, which will lead to improved and nutritional food and feed products. Plant molecular breeding is also expected to aim to develop crops for producing human therapeutic and industrial proteins.