• 농업과학연구
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.174-180
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• 1988

Land reform in Korea was performed in 1949. The formation of owner farmers was the primary objective of land reform. But since land reform, the number of tenants has been increasing, and it reached to 65.7% of total farmhousehold by 1985. To analyze the productivity of tenant farming, 40 farmers in Kumnam, Yeongi Gun and Gongju Gun, Banpo, Chungnam Province, were selected as samples for the empirical analysis. The results of the empirical analysis are summarized as follows; 1. In plain area, tenants input 5% more labor, and 15% less capital than owner farmers. In mountain area, tenants input 15% more labor, and 4% more capital than owner farmers. 2. There is no difference in the output of rice between owner farmers and tenants in both area. 3. In plain area, the physical productivity of labor of owner farmers is 4.6 (kg/hour), and that of tenants is 4.4. And the physical productivity of labor of owner farmers in mountain area is 4.2, and that of tenants is 3.6. 4. The physical productivity of capital of owner farmers in plain area is 17.7(kg/1,000 won), and that of tenants is 20.6. In mountain area, the physical productivity of capital of owner farmers is 18.8, and that of tenants is 17.9.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 1992년도 춘계 학술대회지
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• pp.86-87
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• 1992

• 한국잡초학회지
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.292-308
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• 1992

Recently agricultural situations are being placed in unfavourable socio-economic environment as followed by rapid decrease of rural population, poor labor quality and high wages of rural society due to high speedy industrialization of social structure in Korea. In addition to those circumstances, under the UR system to be expected in the early future, free trade of agricultural products will be faced inevitably in Korea. Practically prices of rice as a principle food in this country are expensive about three times compared to those of foreign rice markets, and so how to increase the international competitiveness and food supplies are important problems to be solved rapidly. Accordingly an urgent goal is reduction of agricultural production cost by the improvement of labour productivity as a labour saving and cost down cultivation methods as the direct seeding cultivation in rice. But there are many problems in the direct seeded rice cultivation. The important things to be improved in that cultivation are development of rice varieties with lodging tolerance, effective seedling stand, weed control, irrigation management and fertilizing and so on. Moreover agricultural basis as irrigation facilities, land consolidation and farm machineries must be improved for the stability of rice cultivation in the future.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제44권1호
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• pp.98-103
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• 2011

The System of Rice Intensification (SRI) is a new concept of increasing the yield of rice produced in farming. Therefore, we investigated the impacts of planting density on nutrient uptake as affected by SRI under no-till cropping system. The field was prepared as a randomized complete block design with three treatments: $10{\times}10$ cm, $20{\times}20$ cm and $30{\times}30$ cm planting densities. The root dry mass was significantly increased in the wider planting densities (p<0.05%). The highest grain yield was obtained in $20{\times}20$ cm planting density plot (p<0.05%) due to higher plant density per unit area and spikelets number per panicle. The total uptake amounts by rice plant were significantly higher in $20{\times}$20 cm planting density plot as 94.8 kg $ha^{-1}$ for T-N and 29.9 kg $ha^{-1}$ for P than other planting densities plots, but K and Mg uptake were significantly higher in $10{\times}10$ cm planting density plot (p<0.05%). In this study, our findings suggest that SRI should be considered as a new practice for the rice productivity.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.87-93
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• 2014

이 연구는 남부지역에서 동계 사료맥류, 하계 옥수수, 추계 하파귀리 등 삼모작 재배기술 확립하기 위해 옥수수의 앞그루에 적합한 사료용 맥류 맥종 선정과 더불어 옥수수 뒷그루로 귀리를 가을재배 시 생산성 및 사료가치를 검토하고자 실시하였다. 월동 사료작물을 옥수수 파종기에 맞춰 수확할 경우 호밀이 생초수량 32.0톤/ha, 건물수량 5.8톤/ha로 다른 작물에 비해 높은 수량을 보였다. 하계 사료용 옥수수는 생초수량으로 72.1톤/ha, 건물수량으로 20.2톤/ha 수확되었으며, 사료가치는 조단백질 함량이 7.4%, 가소화영양소 함량이 69.3%로 양호한 생육과 사료가치를 보였다. 가을재배용 귀리의 출수기는 10월 10일이었으며, 생초수량은 44.3톤/ha, 건물수량은 8.5톤/ha이었고, 사료가치는 조단백질이 11.3%, 가소화영양소 함량이 59.1%를 나타내었다. 따라서 남부지역에서 조사료 연중 생산을 위해 가을재배용 귀리의 도입으로 삼모작이 가능하며, 하계 옥수수의 최대 안전 생산을 위한 월동 사료작물은 호밀이 가장 유리한 것으로 사료되었다.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제47권6호
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• pp.586-593
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• 2014

Newly reclaimed tidal land is known to be in low status of soil fertility. The incorporation of crop residue is an effective method to improve soil properties and fertility in reclaimed saline soils. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of rice straw (RS) application to improve physico-chemical properties of saline-sodic soil and its contribution to productivity of whole crop barley. Increasing rate of rice straw improved growth parameter related to yield of whole crop barley, which increased tiller number significantly (p<0.05).The yield increased by 15% (F.W) and 9% (D.W) in rice straw-amended plots. The content of soil organic matter (SOM) in the surface soil (0-20cm) with rice straw incorporation increased by 5~9% (RS 2.5~RS 7.5) compared to RS 0, in which the content of SOM decreased after two consecutive cultivations. Rice straw incorporation promoted soil physico-chemical properties and nutrient-availability of the test crop, as indicated in change in soil bulk density, porosity and increased nutrient uptake of plant. Especially, the P content and uptake of whole crop barley increased with increasing the rate of rice straw application. In conclusion, the rice straw application at rates of $5.0-7.5ton{\cdot}ha^{-1}$ in reclaimed saline soils effectively improved soil properties and crop productivity, which has potentials to reduce the loss of chemical fertilizers and facilitate the favorable condition for crop growth under adverse soil condition.

• 대한원격탐사학회지
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• 제29권5호
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• pp.461-476
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• 2013

CASA 모델은 작물의 순 일차생산량(NPP)을 추정하는 가장 빠르고 정확한 모델 중 하나이다. 본 연구의 목적은 (1) 2002년 ~ 2012년 동안 한국의 논지역을 대상으로 작물 NPP의 시공간적 변화 패턴을 분석하고, (2) 연간 NPP와 쌀 생산성 간의 관계를 파악하여, (3) MODIS Product와 태양 복사량을 CASA 모형에 적용하여 2012년 한국의 쌀 수량을 추정하는 것이다. 또한, (4) 통계청이 발표한 최종 수량과 비교를 통해 적용을 검토하였다. 이를 위해, 월별 또는 누적 NPP와 수량과의 상관분석을 실시하였다. 그 결과, 총 누적 NPP와 9월의 NPP가 쌀 수량과 높은 상관성을 나타내었으며, 이를 이용하여 추정한 2012년 예측 수량은 누적 NPP 적용시 526.93 kg/10a, 9월의 NPP 적용시 520.32 kg/10a로 추정되었다. 통계청의 최종 수량과의 RMSE는 각각 9.46 kg/10a, 12.93 kg/10a를 나타내었으나, 전반적으로 두 모형 모두 1:1선에 근접한 결과를 보이고 있어 NPP를 이용한 벼 수량 추정 모형이 논벼 수량의 변화특성을 잘 반영하고 있는 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국조리학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.95-102
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• 2017

This study was activity of ${\alpha}-amylase$, glucoamylase of liquid Nuruk prepared using liquid Nuruk (NK) and Aspergillus kawachii (AK), Aspergillus niger (AN), Aspergillus oryzae (AO), Monascus kaoliang (MK). To investigate the relationship between the enzymatic activity and the total sugar content of liquid Nuruk depending on the types of Nuruk molds and the degree of rice-polishing. The activity of ${\alpha}-amylase$ depending on the types of Nuruk molds was shown to be 8.82, 8.72 units/mL in AN and AK treatments in brown rice liquid Nuruk at 24 hours after incubation, as the degree of rice-polishing increased, the activity of ${\alpha}-amylase$ was significantly lower (p<0.05). When brown rice was incubated in AN, it showed 8.83 units/mL at 48 hours after incubation, which was the highest activity, but there was no significantly difference (p<0.05), as the degree of rice- polishing was higher, the activity of ${\alpha}-amylase$ was lower. The activity of glucoamylase depending on the degree of rice-polishing showed 3,013 units/mL in AO treatment in brown rice liquid Nuruk at 24 hours after incubation, and the enzymatic activity was significantly higher (p<0.05). As the degree of rice-polishing increased, the activity of glucoamylase decreased, so liquid brown rice Nuruk showed the highest enzymatic activity, liquid white rice Nuruk was the lowest enzymatic activity. The highest enzymatic activity appeared in liquid Nuruk with brown rice at 48 hours after incubation. The activity of ${\alpha}-amylase$, glucoamylase showed higher enzymatic productivity as the degree of rice-polishing was lower, and there was an inverse correlation with the total sugar content.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제40권1호
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• pp.4-11
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• 2007

시설하우스 토양의 염류 집적은 연작장해로 인한 작물의 수량성 감소뿐만 아니라 지하수 등 수계의 오염 가능성을 높이고 있다. 본 연구는 이러한 시설하우스 토양의 염류집적 양상을 개선하는 한 방법을 제시하고자 시행되었다. 볏짚 (RS)과 파쇄목 (W)의 시용으로 토마토의 수량은 높아졌고 배꼽 썩음과의 발생은 줄었으며, 배추의 수량도 표준시비했을 때보다 증가되었다. 토양에 잔류하는 질산과 인산, 카리의 함량 및 전기전도도가 표준시비 처리구보다 낮았는데, 이는 토양검정을 기준으로 한 비료 시용량 절감도 한 이유일 것이다. 또한, 볏짚과 파쇄목의 시용은 토양 가비중을 낮춰 공극량을 높였으며, 토양 미생물체 탄소와 dehydrogenase 활성을 증가시켰다. 파쇄목의 시용은 볏짚과 비교하여 토마토와 배추의 수량이 높았으며, 작물 수확 후 토양에 질산과 인산이 덜 잔류하였고, 토양 미생물체와 dehydrogenase 활성은 높았다. 본 연구는 파쇄목 시용과 검정시비에 의한 화학비료의 절감이 하우스토양의 염류집적을 경감시킬 수 있는 가능성을 제시하였으며, 토양의 화학성뿐만 아니라 물리성과 미생물성도 함께 검토하면 토양 질의 변화에 미치는 영향을 평가하는 데 도움이 됨을 보여주었다.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제49권6호
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• pp.682-688
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• 2016

Food waste has recognized one of useful sources for potentially agricultural application to supply organic matter and nutrients in arable soil. However, there was little information on application of food waste compost related to the maturity and NaCl content in arable soil. This study evaluated the effect of food waste compost application on yield and fertility in soil under flooding and upland condition. The yields in rice and pepper cultivation decreased with increasing the rate of food waste compost application in soil (p<0.05). Maximum yields of rice ($49.0g\;plant^{-1}$) and pepper ($204g\;plant^{-1}$) were shown at 10 and $30Mg\;ha^{-1}$ of food waste compost application, respectively. The N, P, and K contents in grain and plant residues increased by the application of food waste compost, there was no difference on Na/K ratio in plant tissue among the treatments. Application of food waste compost resulted in the increase of pH, EC, TC, available P contents in soil after crop harvest, especially, which was shown the increase of the CEC and exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP) contents in irrespective of water condition. In conclusion, application of food waste compost in soil was effective on the supply of the organic matter and nutrient. However, it might need caution to apply food waste compost for sustainable productivity in arable soil because of potential Na accumulation.