• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.5-11
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• 2009

Objectives : This study was conducted to estimate the socioeconomic cost of injuries in South Korea. Methods : We matched claims data from national health insurance, automobile insurance and industrial accident compensation insurance(IACI), and mortality data obtained from the national statistical office from 2001 to 2003 by patients unique identifier. Socioeconomic cost included both direct cost and indirect cost: the direct cost was injury-related medical expenditure and the indirect cost included loss of productivity due to healthcare utilization and premature death. Results : The socioeconomic cost of injuries in Korea was approximately 1.9% of the GDP from 2001 to 2003. That is, 12.1 trillion KRW(Korean Won) in 2001, 12.3 trillion KRW in 2002, and 13.7 trillion KRW in 2003. In 2003, direct medical costs were 24.6%(3.4 trillion KRW), the costs for loss of productivity by healthcare utilization were 13.0%(1.8 trillion KRW), and the costs for loss of productivity by premature death were 62.4%(8.6 trillion KRW). Conclusions : In this study, the socioeconomic cost of injuries in Korea between 2001 and 2003 was estimated by using not only health insurance claims data, but also automobile insurance, IACI claims and mortality data. We conclude that social efforts are required to reduce the socioeconomic cost of injuries in Korea, which represented approximately 1.9% of the GDP for the time period specified.

• Journal of Industrial Technology
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• v.19
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• pp.147-154
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• 1999

The soil loss by rainfalls or runoffs has been one of the main environment problems in 20th century. The soil loss cause the various problems those are decreasing of the agricultural productivity, desolating of pasture land and disturbing of water flowing. Therefore, it is very important to measure properly various factors those are affecting to soil loss and to recognize a seriousness of soil loss problem. In this study, we use the USLE(Universal Soil Loss Equation) as a basic approaching way for soil loss analysis in a watershed, and the GSIS(Geo-Spatial Information System) technique is applied to evaluate for factors those are related to the USLE. The results of this study are consisted of three parts those are to build up the various topographical information that is needed for analysis of wide area soil loss by using the USLE, to evaluate the factors those are needed to the USLE, to estimate the soil loss condition of subbasin in the watershed.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.291-301
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• 2016

One of the most concerned topics in ecology is the relationship between biodiversity and ecosystem functioning. However, there are few field studies, carried out in forests, although many studies have been done in controlled experiments in grasslands. In this paper, we describe the relationship pattern between three facets of diversity and productivity at Ratargul Fresh Water Swamp Forest (RFWSF) in Bangladesh, which is the only remaining fresh water swamp forest of the country. Sixty sample plots were selected from RFWSF and included six functional traits including leaf area (LA), specific leaf area (SLA), leaf dry matter content (LDMC), tree height, bark thickness and wood density. In analyzing TD, we used Shannon diversity and richness indices, functional diversity was measured by Rao's quadratic entropy (Rao 1982) and Faith's (1992) index was used for phylogenetic diversity (PD). It was found that, TD, FD and PD were positively related with productivity (basal area) due to resource use complementarity but surprisingly the best predictor of tree productivity was FD. The results contribute to the understanding the effects of biodiversity loss and it is essential for conservation decision-making and policy-making of Ratargul Fresh Water Swamp Forest.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Plant Biotechnology Conference
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.120-125
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• 2005

Continuous degradation of forest in both quality and quantity threatens wood security in the future. Thus in the future, most wood and pulp will be expected to be produced from plantation forests. We attempt to produce superior trees suitable for such plantations with maximum productivity in limited land area. Tree productivity could be enhanced either by promoting growth and wood quality or by reducing loss caused by abiotic and biotic stresses. Genetic transformation techniques may offer ways to improve the productivity by enabling trees to tolerate the stresses or to covert limited resources into big biomass. With the availability of information on various functional genes and gene transfer techniques, it should be possible to develop such trees. In this presentation, our work to produce such trees at Korea Forest Research Institute is briefly introduced.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.43-49
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• 1989

In spite of the well confirmed advantages of wilting on the fermentation quality, wilting silages are difficult to make at optimum dry matter content. The prolonged wilting, especially in humid condition, result in lower water soluble carbohydrate (WSC) contents, extensive protein breakdown and sometimes higher total volatile fatty acid (VFA) during wilting an ensilage. Apart from difficulty of controlling moisture content, another problem associated with wilted silages is different evaluation on the potential productivity. In temperature climate of Asia, therefore further researches on the effects of wilting on the silage fermentation and potential productivity seen to be necessary.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.9 no.3 s.28
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• pp.15-20
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• 2005

Recently, Environmental and Safety Management is approaching in order to reduce the loss cost of accidents in effect, efficiency, excellency. In the side that is a large production enemy of the industrialization times, Most companies are focused on decreasing the loss that can let their companies grow healthily than a productivity improvement. The this study analyzed a matter asked f3r basic requirements and continuous development of ISO14001, OHSAS18001, PSM, Responsible Care operating in petro-chemical industries basically, and developed a LCMCI(the Loss Control Management system for Continuous Improvement of the Petro-chemical Industries) fer continuous development of petro-chemical companies in order to be able to continuously manage a loss.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.25 no.8
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• pp.1173-1182
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• 2001

Recent noticeable advances of CNC machine tools have considerably improved productivity and precision in manufacturing processes. However, in the respect of productivity some defects still remain because selection of machining conditions entirely depends on the experiences of programmers. Usually, machining conditions such as feed rate and spindle speed have been selected conservatively by considering the worst cases, and it has brought the loss of machining efficiency. Thus, the improvement of cutting force controller has been done to regulate cutting force constantly and to maximize feedrate simultaneously in case that machining conditions change variously. In this study, sliding mode control with boundary layer is applied to milling process for cutting force regulation and in a commercial CNC machining center data transfer between PC and PMC (programmable machine controller) of CNC machine is done using a standard interface method. And in the cutting force measurement, an indirect cutting force measuring system using current signal of AC servo is adopted in order not to use high-priced equipment like tool dynamometer. The purpose of this study is to maximize the productivity in milling process, thus its results can be applied to cases such as rough cutting process.

• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.89-94
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• 2002

The continuous production of citric acid from dairy wastewater was investigated using calcium-alginate immobilized Asrergillus niger ATCC 9142. The citric acid productivity and yield were strongly affected by the culture conditions. The optimal pH, temperature, and dilution rate were 3.0, 30$^{\circ}C$, and 0.025 h$\^$-1/, respectively. Under optimal culture conditions, the maximum productivity, concentration, and yield of citric acid produced by the calcium-alginate immobilized Aspergillus niger were 160 mg L$\^$-1/ h$\^$-1/, 4.5 g/L, and 70.3%, respectively, The culture was continuously perfored for 20 days without any apparent loss in citric acid productivity. Conversely, under the same conditions with a batch shake-flask culture, the maximum productivity, citric acid concentration, and yield were only 63.3 mg L$\^$-1/h$\^$-1/, 4.7 g/L and 51.4%, respectively, Therefore, the results suggest that the bioreactor used in this study could be potentially used for continuous citric acid production from dairy wastewater by applying calcium-alginate immobilized Aspergillus niger.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.101-115
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• 2005

This study deals with the procedure of safety improvement, productivity increase ,and tact-time reduction through setting up the system about preventive maintenance. Actually, it is hard to establish and carry out preventive maintenance, even though we recognize the importance of the system concerning time, cost, labor, and so forth. In this study in the viewpoint of cost we are for achieving maximum efficiency by change and reduction of planning process adapted to the special work group. At first we briefly will mention the kind ,the necessity ,and the concept of preventive maintenance ,and then divide the equipment used in the assembly line into the two whether it is necessary or not by way of estimating the breakdown loss ,comparing with general establishment of preventive maintenance and modifying it to the case. At the second step we will establish the operation system of plan management related to production and quality in the special case. Check period and category will be set by dividing the assembly equipment into LCL and Focus in the third step. The forth step will contain the operation procedure in detail. And then we must make check and repair record periodically. Finally, on the basis of the record the selection of checking of significance will be conducted. This results in safety improvement, tact time reduction, and productivity improvement.

• Proceedings of the Safety Management and Science Conference
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• 2004.11a
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• pp.131-141
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• 2004

This study deals with the procedure of safety improvement, productivity increase, and tact-time reduction through setting up the system about preventive maintenance. Actually, it is hard to establish and carry out preventive maintenance, even though we recognize the importance of the system concerning time, cost, labor, and so forth. In this study in the viewpoint of cost we are for achieving maximum efficiency by change and reduction of planning process adapted to the special work group. At first we briefly will mention the kind, the necessity, and the concept of preventive maintenance, and then divide the equipment used in the assembly line into the two whether it is necessary or not by way of estimating the breakdown loss, comparing with general establishment of preventive maintenance and modifying it to the case. At the second step we will establish the operation system of plan management related to production and quality in the special case. Check period and category will be set by dividing the assembly equipment into LCL and Focus in the third step. The forth step will contain the operation procedure in detail. And then we must make check and repair record periodically. Finally, on the basis of the record the selection of checking of significance will be conducted. This results in safety improvement, tact time reduction, and productivity improvement.