• Korean journal of food and cookery science
• /
• v.14 no.4
• /
• pp.407-415
• /
• 1998

The objectives of this study were to analyze the factors that affect the productivity for university food services. In a survey involving four-year university dining centers throughout the country, and correlations among thriteen different variables that affect productivity were determined. Productivity index (PI) was determined by meals per hour, the average score for 38 institutions was found to be 14.2 meals/hour. For serving methods, the fixed ration had a higher PI than the self-serving. When two types of serving trays were considered, the PI of the compartmantalized trays was higher than that of the tray accompanying saparate small dishes. When single (S)-or. multiple(M)-menu was compared with the cafeteria style, a higher PI was obtained by the S-or M-menu. Among the three operation systems, the PI was found to be the highest by direct operation (17.6 meals/hour), followed by contract operation (11.1 meals/hour) and rent operation (7.9 meals/hour). For the factors that affect the productivity of the university food services, the total number sewed (r=0.54, p＜0.001) and the use of convenient food items (r=0.28, P＜0.05) exhibited positive correlations, while food costs and labor costs showed negative correlations. This suggests that the productivity of university food service increases as the total number served and the use of convenient food item increased, but decreases as the food costs and labor costs per meal increased. A regression analysis showed that three variables - total number sewed, labor cost per meal, number of employees-influenced about 73% components of food service showed a negative correlation with PI and a positive correlation with the labor cost per meal.

• Korea Information Processing Society Review
• /
• v.11 no.4
• /
• pp.89-92
• /
• 2004

Business organizations today enjoy unprecedented connectivity over the Internet that directly affects their bottom line and their top line. Connectivity increases productivity and reduces cost of operations. It eliminates barriers resulting from distance and integrates the world. Nevertheless, businesses today face a challenging trade-off between securing their corporate assets and leveraging this ubiquitous connectivity to improve their operations. (omitted)

• Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Process Engineers
• /
• v.8 no.3
• /
• pp.54-61
• /
• 2009

General manufacturing process of the manufacturing time and manufacturing process problems have a problem. In the past, in the manufacturing process the data by hand has been. Therefore, the production performance management information, and materials input, output information, equipment information of the failure of the management problems emerged. Through this research, improvements in real-time production information to collect distribution and overall productivity will increase the efficiency of the system. the production process to improve the quality of management, efficient production methods are presented. is a stable quality control. POP system The new building should be. This is the executive or administrative decisions support. It increases productivity, efficiency, and reduce production costs, increase product reliability. This will increase the company's reputation. This increases the competitiveness of enterprises. POP system toward the future with the new destroyer to prepare for our company. Collectively POP system build this research improves the reliability of the product. Improves the quality of customer service. The expansion of product sales is. increase the competitiveness of enterprises. companies should prepare for the future of the business.

• The Korean Journal of Health Service Management
• /
• v.9 no.3
• /
• pp.43-55
• /
• 2015

Objectives : This study analyzed the managerial efficiency of hospitals and identified the productivity trends for three years. Methods : Data were collected from 44 tertiary hospitals and 32 university hospitals from 2009 to 2011. Efficiency scores and productivity trends were evaluated with the DEA (Data Envelopment Analysis) method. The input variables were the numbers of beds, doctors, nurses, and health personnel, and the medical costs. The output variables were the numbers of outpatients, and inpatients, and the medical revenues. Along with the traditional input-oriented DEA analysis, the Malmquist Productivity Index(MPI) was calculated. Results : First, the mean values of the study variables showed gradual increases in all the variables for all the study years. Second, technical efficiency scores varied depending on the study year. Third, MPI decreased from 2009 to 2010 (MPI=0.986), and then increased from 2010 to 2011(MPI=1.011). The contributions of the Efficiency Change Index and Technical Change Index on the MPI varied depending on the study year. Conclusions : This study provides information to hospital managers about changes in hospital performances. External environments had more influence on hospital performances, and hospital managers will need to manage these influences from factors surrounding the hospitals.

• Journal of Labour Economics
• /
• v.26 no.3
• /
• pp.49-75
• /
• 2003

This paper empirically examines multiskill formation as a critical mechanism of human capital accumulation within the firm. We investigate various factors that foster multiskill formation of the employees at the workplace. We also investigate whether and how multiskill formation of the employees, in tum, affect the labor productivity. Our empirical results are summarized as the following. First, skills of the employees are developed along the sequential path rather than the parallel path. They evolve from the simple-skill to the single-skill, and then to the multi-skill state. Second, multi skilling is stimulated by uncertainty factors of the environment and various human resource management practices such as mutual learning among workers, workers' participation in decision making, and job rotation. Third, the increase in the ratio of multiskilled workers in the firm has a positive impact on the growth of the firm's labor productivity. Our analyses show that the labor productivity growth increases by 0.019 with the increase in multi skilling ratio by 0.1. Fourth, uncertainty and human resource management practices had an indirect impact on labor productivity growth only through multiskilling. These results strongly indicate that multiskilling is a result of human capital accumulation fostered by various human resource management practices.

• Proceedings of the Technology Innovation Conference
• /
• 1996.12a
• /
• pp.265-295
• /
• 1996

This paper investigates empirically the relationship between various business portfolio properties (particularly technological properties) and chaebol′s performance using data on the 50 largest chaebols in Korea. In addition to the traditional indexes to measure diversification such as entropy index we calculated inter-industry technological similarity using R&D expenditure data by industry and 1990 Input-output Table in Korea, and obtained chaebol-level technological relatedness and internal transaction proportion from chaebols′business profile, inter-industry technological similarity and 1990 input-output table. We applied factor analysis on 13 business portfolio property indexes and showed that they could be grouped into 3 dimensions, diversification scope, inter-business relatedness and degree of vertical integration. In this paper, using 50 largest chaebols′financial data (1989-1994), we analyzed empirically the effect of business portfolio properties on ROS (Return On Sales) which is conventional index for firm performance and on TFP(Total Factor Productivity) growth which is a pure measure of firm performance. To utilize the advantage of panel data, FEM(Fixed Effect Model) and REM(Random Effect Model) were used. The empirical result shows that the entropy index as a measurement of inter-business relatedness is not significant but technological relatedness index is significant. OLS estimates on pooled data were considerably different from FEM or REM estimates on panel data. By introducing interaction effect among the three variables for business portfolio properties, we obtained three findings. First, only VI (Vertical integration) has a significant positive correlation with ROS. Second, when using TFP growth as an dependent variable, both TR(Technological Relatedness) and f[ are significant and positively related to the deepened variable. Third, the interaction term between TR and VI is significant and negatively affects TFP growth, meaning that TR and VI are substitutes. These results suggest strategic directions on restructuring business portfolio. As VI is increased, chaebols will get more profit. A higher level of either TR or W will increase TFP growth rate. but increase in both TR and VI will have a negative effect on TFP growth. To summarize, certain business portfolio properties such as VI and TR can be considered "resources" themselves since they can affect profit rate and productivity growth. VI and TR have a synergy effect of change in profit rate and productivity growth. VI increases ROS and productivity growth, while TR increases productivity growth representing a technological synergy effect.

• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
• /
• v.35 no.4
• /
• pp.1-29
• /
• 2013

This paper examines the effect of trade liberalization or globalization, more broadly, on plants' growth as well as on "bi-polarization". To do so, we reviewed the possible theoretical mechanisms put forward by recent heterogeneous firm trade theories, and provided available micro-evidence from existing empirical studies on Korean manufacturing sector. Above all, the empirical evidence provided in this paper strongly suggests that globalization promoted growth of Korean manufacturing plants. Specifically, evidence suggests that exporting not only increases within-plant productivity but also promotes introduction of new products and dropping of old products. However, the empirical evidence also suggest that globalization has some downsides: widening productivity differences across plants and rising wage inequality between skilled and unskilled workers. Specifically, trade liberalization widens the initial productivity differences among plants through learning from export market participation as well as through interactions between exporting and R&D, both of which increase plants' productivity. We also show that there is only a small group of large and productive "superstar" plants engaged in both R&D and exporting activity, which can fully utilize the potential benefits from globalization. Finally, we also show evidence that trade liberalization interacts with innovation to increase the skilled-unskilled wage inequality.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• v.24 no.11
• /
• pp.1566-1573
• /
• 2014

Although most algae cultivation systems are operated in suspended culture, an attached growth system can offer several advantages over suspended systems. Algal cultivation becomes light-limited as the microalgal concentration increases in the suspended system; on the other hand, sunlight penetrates deeper and stronger in attached systems owing to the more transparent water. Such higher availability of sunlight makes it possible to operate a raceway pond deeper than usual, resulting in a higher areal productivity. The attached system achieved 2.8-times higher biomass productivity and total lipid productivity of $9.1g\;m^{-2}day^{-1}$ and $1.9g\;m^{-2}day^{-1}$, respectively, than the suspended system. Biomass productivity can be further increased by optimization of the culture conditions. Moreover, algal biomass harvesting and dewatering were made simpler and cheaper in attached systems, because mesh-type substrates with attached microalgae were easily removed from the culture and the remaining treated wastewater could be discharged directly. When the algal biomass was dewatered using natural sunlight, the palmitic acid (C16:0) content increased by 16% compared with the freeze-drying method. There was no great difference in other fatty acid composition. Therefore, the attached system for algal cultivation is a promising cultivation system for mass biodiesel production.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
• /
• v.20 no.43
• /
• pp.175-195
• /
• 1997

The learning curve has an important effect the growth of corporation. But, in Korea, the study and inference on the learning rate of each industry are unprepared, and so, Korean industires have difficult in productivity and cost. At this point, this study infers the learning rate of the oil industries and investigates the productivity and growth of them. In conclusion, this study presents the direction of the oil industries' development. With the intention of this objects, this study seizes the status which is concerned the total quantity, the operating rate, the plant capacity, the indicators concerning productivity, the investment of R & D and the scales, and then, infers and verifies the relevancy in connection with the learning rate. In the oil industry, the average rate of learning is 65.96% from 1982 to 1994 which the total quantity and the average operation time are used to infer the rate. To observe the low rate within a same period of time, this study takes the consequences that the learning rate is almost indentical with them each year. This steady state is caused by a difference between the employee and the decision maker about the acquirement and assimiliated of technology. When the high-quality technologies posses the environment to applicate in the scene of labor with them, this technology applies to the productivities. As the learning rate increases, the productivity has more effectiveness. The result of analysis about the effectiveness of the learning rate follows that the R & D unfoldes to exist and does not contribute to the growth of the oil industry. To analyze the variables of the growth, such as the learning rate, the investement of R & D, the operating rate and the gross value added to property, plant and equipment, the model is established and examined. The business strategy in the oil industry must be developed to achive the internal growth as well as the external.

• International Area Studies Review
• /
• v.17 no.4
• /
• pp.43-63
• /
• 2013

This paper investigates the impact of free trade agreement (FTA) on the performance of Korea's foreign direct investment (FDI) firms. We use plant- and firm-level data to examine the trends of FDI patterns of Korean firms between 2002 and 2010 by dividing firms based on their sizes - large and small firms. Analyzing firms' FDI activities worldwide, we find that small firms account for large share of investment cases especially in countries where FTA became effective with Korea during our sample period. Using these facts, we estimate the changes of productivity and performance of large and small firms and their foreign affiliates before and after FTA became effective. Our results show that FTA increases productivity of small firms and their foreign affiliates after its formation. In particular, we provide evidence that productivity improvement by small firms and their foreign affiliates may result from an increase in production and capital during FTA period.