• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.557-579
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• 2021

Collective energy is an intermediate stage in energy conversion and has a great influence on the power structure as a distributed power source. However, the problem of the collective energy business has recently emerged due to the worsening profitability of some collective energy operators. This study measured the technical efficiency of major operators through the estimation of the production efficiency of Korean collective energy operators, and based on this, we looked at ways to improve the profit structure of operators. After collecting detailed data from 16 collective energy operators between 2016 and 2019, the production efficiency of operators was estimated using the panel stochastic frontier model. As a result of the estimation, combined steam power operators showed the highest production efficiency and reverse CHP operators showed the lowest efficiency. Furthermore, as a result of examining the factors influencing profitability, it was confirmed that production efficiency has a positive effect on overall profitability. However, businesses with a high proportion of heat production, such as small district electricity operators, profitability was lower. This phenomenon is due to the structural limitations of the current heat sales market. Hence, the adjustment of the heat sales unit price is necessary to improve profitability of collective energy operators.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.511-514
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• 1999

Data pertaining to 1111 first lactation performance record of Karan Fries (Holstein-Friesian $\times$ Zebu) cows spread over a period of 21 years and sired by 72 bulls were used to examine the efficiency of sire indices for lactation milk production using auxiliary traits. First lactation length, first service period, first calving interval, first dry period and age at first calving were considered as auxiliary traits. The efficiency of this method was compared with simple daughter average index (D), contemporary comparison method (CC), least-square method (LSQ), simplified regressed least-squares method (SRLS) and best linear unbiased prediction (BLUP) for lactation milk production. The relative efficiency of sire evaluation methods using one auxiliary trait was lower (24.2-32.8%) in comparison to CC method, the most efficient method observed in this study. Use of two auxiliary traits at a time did not further improve the efficiency. The auxiliary sire indices discriminate better among bulls as the range of breeding values were higher in these methods in comparison to conventional sire evaluation methods. The rank correlation between breeding values estimated using auxiliary traits were high (0.77-0.78) with CC method. The rank correlation among auxiliary sire indices ranged from 0.98 to 0.99, indicating similar ranking of sire for breeding values of milk production in all the auxiliary sire indices.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.466-469
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• 2002

The data on 512 Hariana cows, progeny of 20 sires calved during period from 1974 to 1993 maintained at Government Livestock Farm, Hisar were considered for the estimation of genetic parameters. The means for first lactation milk yield (FLY), wet average (WA), first lactation peak yield (FPY), first lactation milk yield per day of first calving interval (MCI) and first lactation milk yield per day of age at second calving (MSC) were 1,141.58 kg, 4.19 kg/day, 6.24 kg/day, 2.38 kg/day and 0.601 kg/day, respectively. The effect of period of calving was significant (p<0.05) on WA, FPY and MCI while the effect of season of calving was significant only on WA. Monsoon calvers excelled in performance for all the production efficiency traits. The effect of age at first calving (linear) was significant on all the traits except on MCI. Estimates of heritabilty for all the traits were moderate and ranged from 0.255 to 0.333 except for WA (0.161). All the genetic and phenotypic correlations among different production efficiency traits were high and positive. It may be inferred that selection on the basis of peak yield will be more effective as the trait is expressed early in life and had reasonably moderate estimate of heritability.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.14 no.7
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• pp.53-61
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• 2016

Purpose - The production efficiency of agricultural crops has been the subject of numerous studies in the field of agricultural economics. This study examines the production efficiency of emerging vineyards in the 14 northern U.S. states and aims to understand raw input and managerial factors affecting the grape production with focusing on the effect of farm size. Research design, data, and methodology - Using a unique survey dataset that was collected from 176 vineyards in 2012, we employed data envelopment analysis (DEA) for estimation of production efficiency in individual vineyards. Production efficiency is regressed on various input and managerial covariates to understand factors influencing the productivity. Results - Although there exists positive correlation between the farm size and productivity of vineyards in Northern U.S. states, we find negative relationship when the farm size is instrumented by the additional farm size expansion indicator. The negative effect is more pronounced for the recently established vineyards. Conclusions - This study suggests that there needs to be adequate managerial improvements for emerging vineyards in northern states for the achievement of increased productivity.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.135-159
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• 2001

This study analyses the energy consumption increase by using a physical production index (PPI) based decomposition method. The energy efficiency of the Korean industry deteriorated to a large extent in the 1992 to 1997 period. This outcome, however, does not contradict the result of a previous study that the physical energy intensities (measured by energy use per production unit) decreased in four Korean energy intensive industries such as steel, cement, petrochemical and pulp and paper in the same period. Although the physical energy intensities in four industries considered decreased significantly, the energy efficiency of the Korean industry deteriorated because the increase in the value-added production was smaller than that in the physical production except for the steel industry. This outcome suggests that the reduction in the physical energy intensity alone will not result in reducing the economic energy intensity, thereby reducing the increase in the energy consumption of the Korean industry. Therefore, it necessitates to restructure the Korean industry towards a higher value-added production and to strengthen energy efficiency improvement efforts in the Korean industry. As the overinvestment in the energy intensive industries caused a deep price fall of Korean products and a reduction of the value added of the Korean industry and with it an increase in the economic energy intensity, a decrease in this intensity will highly depend on reducing the overcapacity in the energy intensive industries which was partly responsible for the currency and economic crisis of 1997.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.59-71
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• 2021

This study investigated the extent to which rice producers from the Ayeyarwaddy Region of Myanmar could improve their productivity if inputs were used efficiently in rice cultivation. To achieve this objective, simple random sampling was used to collect data from 300 rice growers in the study area. Data were analyzed with the translog stochastic frontier approach to understand the production efficiencies. The study further estimated the influencing factors that affect the efficiency levels of rice farmers. The empirical result reveals that the average technical, allocative, and economic efficiencies were at 76.11, 47.85, and 34.15%, respectively. This suggests that there is considerable room for improving rice production by better utilization of the available resources at the current level of technology. This study suggests that strenthening agricultural training programs and adoption of improved rice varieties may reduce overall inefficiencies among rice farmers in Myanmar. Factors like age, household size, education, farming experience, farm size, rice variety, training, and off-farm income have a significant impact on increasing/decreasing farmer's efficiency. Efficiency can be improved by establishing farmer field school programs to increase the scale of operations. The government should encourage young educated people to participate in paddy production and also intervene to reduce input prices and control the quality of seeds.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.919-926
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• 2022

Fertigation, which has been introduced in agricultural fields since 1990, has been widely practiced in upland fields as well as in plastic film houses as part of the crop production system. In accordance with demands in the agricultural sector, a huge number of scientific studies on fertigation have been conducted worldwide. Moreover, with a combination of advanced technologies such as big-data, machine learning, etc., fertigation is positioned as an indispensable tool to achieve sustainable crop production and to enhance nutrient and water use efficiency. In this review, we focused on providing valuable information in terms of crop production and nutrient/water use efficiency. A variety of fertigation studies have described that enhancement of crop production did not differ relative to conventional method or slightly increased. In contrast, fertigation significantly improved nutrient/water use efficiency, with a reduction in use ranging from 20 to 50%. Water-soluble organic resources such as livestock manure and agricultural byproducts also have been identified as useful resources like chemical fertilizers. Furthermore, the initial irrigation point was generally recommended in a range of -10 - -40 kPa, although the point differed according to the crop and crop growth stage. From this review, we suggest that fertigation, which is closely integrated with advanced technology, could be a leading technology to attain not only food security but also carbon neutrality via improvement of nutrient/water use efficiency.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.53-67
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• 2022

The purpose of this study was to compare the appearance similarity between a 3D virtual wedding dress, and a model wearing real dress, and production efficiency, and the possibility of achieving similar results with 3D digital technology. Five wedding dresses for small weddings under the theme of 'Dream Series', were designed and produced in virtual and real dresses to quantitatively compare and analyze the appearance similarity and production efficiency. Experts compared the appearance similarity on the silhouettes, colors, materials, and details, and production efficiency was compared with time and cost. Based on our results, 3D virtual images of four out of the five dresses were similar to the real images. Our efficiency evaluation results showed that the manufacturing time was 45.4% shorter, and the manufacturing cost was 46.1% less than the existing method. This indicated that the wedding dress manufacturing process using 3D virtual software was time and cost saving competitive. Our results also confirmed that 3D virtual software technology has the potential to increase the efficiency of designing and production, and therefore an increase in competitiveness and sales of wedding dresses. Furthermore, 3D technology allows consumers to select and order wedding dresses online through 3D virtual software. This is a great advantage, and it highlights the significance of this research study.

• The Journal of Information Systems
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.143-164
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• 2017

Purpose The purpose of this study is to investigate to investigate the effects of cloud system on the efficiency improvement and cost-saving of production processes. It also tries to provide small- and medium-sized companies and IT practitioners with a practical guideline for a successful implementation of could systems. Design/methodology/approach This study was conducted by observing and analyzing a case of implementing a cloud system at a small-sized company having multiple job sites in terms of the improvement in data-sharing efficiency and cost-saving of production processes. Findings This study found that cloud system was an effective way of sharing data between and among production processes of geographically scattered job sites and thus, helped the company to remedy problems of work schedule and load-balance along sequential production processes. Cloud system also allowed the company to reduce the number of visits made by 3-inspectors to four job sites by 75% and the personnel cost related to inspectors' site visit.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.776-786
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• 2016

This study intends to suggest production process of circular knitted jackets and dimensional change data of finished clothes after washing. the study provides pattern design method of circular knitted jackets by applying dimensional change. By doing so, the purpose of this study is to increase production efficiency through accurate order in consideration of loss amount of the fabrics in production. With the three fabric materials selected, this study investigated dimensional change of circular knitted jackets after sewing and washing by varying the parts to be attached to padding cloth and with or without inner lining. As for the fabric F-C (including the spandex, thicker and weightier than the other two fabrics), front width shrunk by 4.6%, which showed the biggest shrinkage among the jackets made of test fabrics. Then it suggested design methods of circular knitted jacket patterns to which dimensional change is applied according to materials, and analyzed the amount of fabric required for production by comparison of the materials. When using the fabric F-C without inner lining, there is big dimensional change and more than double amount of fabric is required. It is expected that the research results will be a basic data for pattern design and production process of circular knitted clothing.