• Korea Trade Review
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• v.42 no.5
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• pp.137-159
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• 2017

This study divides manufacturing in 18 countries including Korea, China, Japan and OECD countries into 11 areas and estimates and compares the technological efficiency of each industry. The traditional view of productivity is to increase production capacity through technological innovation or process innovation, but it is also influenced by the technological efficiency of production process. A Stochastic Frontier Production Model (SFM) is a representative method for estimating the technical efficiency of such production. First, as a result of estimating the production function by setting the output variable as total output or value-added, in both cases, the output increased significantly in all manufacturing sectors as inputs of labor, capital, and intermediate increased. On the other hand, R&D investment has a large impact on output in chemical, electronics, and machinery industries. Next, as a result of estimating the technological efficiency through the production function, when the total output is set as the output variable, the overall average of each sector is 0.8 or more, showing mostly high efficiency. However, when value-added was set, Japan had the highest level in most manufacturing sectors, while other countries were lower than the efficiency of the total output. Comparing the three countries of Korea, China and Japan, Japan showed the highest efficiency in most manufacturing sectors, and Korea was about half or one third of Japan and China was lower than Korea. However, in the food and electronics sectors, China is higher than Korea, indicating that China's production efficiency has greatly improved. As such, Korea is not able to narrow its gap with Japan relatively faster than China's rapid growth. Therefore, various policy supports are needed to promote technology development. In addition, in order to improve manufacturing productivity, it is necessary to shift to an economic structure that can raise technological efficiency as well as technology development.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.48 no.2
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• pp.85-94
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• 2010

Comparative analysis of marker efficiency in blouse patterns, based on different sleeve designs, was carried out. Sleeve designs used included set-in-sleeve, laglan sleeve, and epaulet sleeve. The two types of epaulet sleeves, A and B, are based on pattern arrangement methods of center back. Cloth and production conditions are the width of cloth, the number of marking pieces, and the direction for marking deployment. A blouse pattern saved to the PAD CAD System was graded with different sizes and arranged for industrial purpose to calculate the marker efficiency in different conditions. The results were as follows. On the whole, the marker efficiency of small pattern sized set-insleeve was higher than laglan and epaulet sleeve designs. It was also established that marker efficiency is dependent on cloth and production conditions. For small number of marking pieces, efficiency was higher in the condition of 110cm cloth widths compared with that condition of 150cm cloth widths. However the efficiency of large number of marking pieces was higher in the condition of 150cm cloth widths.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.13 no.7
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• pp.995-1002
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• 2000

To evaluate energy efficiency and partition of nutrients, 32 piglets were weaned at 14 d of age and individually fed diets containing 15% fat from coconut oil (CO, medium chain saturated), high oleate sunflower oil (HOSO, n-9 series), soybean oil (SO, n-6 series), or linseed oil plus fish oil, (LF, n-3 series). After 4 weeks, the subjects were sacrificed to evaluate empty body composition and apparent ileal digestibility with the slaughter method. No statistical effect of dietary fat sources on growth was observed. The digestibility of fat from the coconut oil diet was higher than fats from the diets containing high levels of unsaturated fatty acids. The efficiency of use of metabolizable energy for growth averaged 63% and was not affected by the diet. Dietary fat composition was reflected strongly in backfat. Total body neutral and polar fatty acids were influenced too. For the whole body phospholipid fraction the ratio of n-6 to n-3 and the double bond index were 4.3, 5.8, 7.2, 0.78 and 69, 87, 89, 87 for CO, HOSO, SO, and LF respectively. These results show that for the coconut oil diet the degree of unsaturation of phospholipids in the body was lower and that, in the other diets, it did not differ, but double bond index was maintained with different n-6 to n-3 ratios in carcass fat. On the whole the data on body fat composition indicate that the dietary fat tended to be deposited in similar quantity in the body, whatever was the dietary fatty acid profile.

• Transactions of the Korean hydrogen and new energy society
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.12-25
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• 2007

Numerical simulation of the natural gas steam reforming process for on-site hydrogen production in a $H_2$ fueling station was conducted on the basis of process material and heat balances. The effects of reforming parameters on the process efficiency of hydrogen production were investigated, and set-point values of each of the parameters to minimize the sizes of unit process equipments and to secure a stable operability of the reforming process were suggested. S/C ratio of the reforming reactants was found to be a crucial parameter in the reforming process mostly governing both the hydrogen production efficiency and the stable operability of the process. The operation of the process was regarded to be stable if the feed water(WR) as a reforming reactant could evaporate completely to dry steam through HRSG. The optimum S/C ratio was 3.0 where the process efficiency of hydrogen production was maximized and the stable operability of the process was secured. The optimum feed rates of natural gas(NGR) and WR as reforming reactants and natural gas(NGB) as a burner fuel were also determined for the hydrogen production rate of $27\;Nm^3/h$.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.22-27
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• 2011

This study was performed to find out the optimum condition for hydrogen production by changing mixture ratio from 3:7(food waste water : swine wastewater) without pre-treatment of food wastewater and swine wastewater using a continuous reaction process. It was confirmed that hydrogen generation according to pH is the highest in a condition of pH 5.5, and that the optimum pH for hydrogen production in case of mixing food wastewater with swine wastewater is 5.5 through this. Hydrogen generation according to HRT showed high hydrogen generation rate in case of 4 days rather than 3 days, and this involves largely in vitality of hydrogen producing bacteria according to variation of the HRT value, so it is judged that HRT also acts as an important factor to hydrogen producing bacteria. The organic removal efficiency recorded a removal efficiency of maximum TS 52%, VS 71%, TSS 83% and VSS 89% at the 6th day of operation, and it was confirmed that organic removal efficiency is possible even through an hydrogen production process.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.747-755
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• 2009

The feed resource for animals is a major cost determinant for profitability in livestock production enterprises, and thus any effort at improving the efficiency of feed use will help to reduce feed cost. Feed conversion ratio, expressed as feed inputs per unit output, is a traditional measure of efficiency that has significant phenotypic and genetic correlations with feed intake and growth traits. The use of ratio traits for genetic selection may cause problems associated with prediction of change in the component traits in future generations. Residual feed intake, a linear index, is a trait derived from the difference between actual feed intake and that predicted on the basis of the requirements for maintenance of body weight and production. Considerable genetic variation exists in residual feed intake for cattle and pigs, which should respond to selection. Phenotypic independence of phenotypic residual feed intake with body weight and weight gain can be obligatory. Genetic residual feed intake is genetically independent of its component traits (body weight and weight gain). Genetic correlations of residual feed intake with daily feed intake and feed conversion efficiency have been strong and positive in both cattle and pigs. Residual feed intake is favorably genetically correlated with eye muscle area and carcass weight in cattle and with eye muscle area and backfat in pigs. Selection to reduce residual feed intake (excessive intake of feed) will improve the efficiency of feed and most of the economically important carcass traits in cattle and pigs. Therefore, residual feed intake can be used to replace traditional feed conversion ratio as a selection criterion of feed efficiency in breeding programs. However, further studies are required on the variation of residual feed intake during different developmental stage of production.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.752-765
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• 2012

We analyze the relation empirically between regional labor market characteristics and job matching efficiency with the adaption of stochastic frontier production function. Our empirical results suggest that, as both the ratio of 50 years-old-job seekers and the level of spatial density increase, job matching efficiencies also rise. In contrast, an increase in the ratio of firms which offer permanent contracts lowers job matching efficiencies. And the job matching efficiency is relatively higher in metropolitan areas. Finally, We find a negative relation between total industrial production and job matching efficiency, which implies that job seekers tend to accept uncongenial jobs in the recessions.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 1998

This study was carried to investigate the treatment characteristics of the phenol and catechol with an anaerobic fluidized bed reactor(AFBR) having a dimension of 9 cm i.d. and 1.25 m height. The reactor was operated at $35\pm 1\circ$C. The COD concentration of the effluent, the gas production rate and the composition of gas were measured to determine the performance of the AFBR as the hydraulic retention time(HRT) was decreased from 2 days to i day at 600 mg/l of the phenol and catechol concentration. Stable treatment of the phenol wastewater could be achieved with the AFBR at 18 days but the catechol wastewater couldn't be. At HRT 2 days, the phenol wastewater showed the COD reduction efficiency of 93% and the gas production of 2.7 l/day and the catechol wastewater was obtained the COD reduction efficiency of 82% and the gas production of 0.72 l/day. Also at HRT 1 day the phenol and catechol wastewater showed the COD reduction efficiency of 95% and 73% and the gas production of 4.0 l/day and 1.25 l/day, respectively.

• Journal of Korean Society for Geospatial Information Science
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• v.15 no.1 s.39
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• pp.67-73
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• 2007

Recently, three-dimensional (3D) GI (Geospatial Information) using LiDAR system has been used various fields such as the production of digital map, the modeling of 3D building and urban area, and analysis of communication network and environmental effect. In this study, the production cost of digital map by aerial LiDAR surveying were compared with the cost by aerial photograph surveying for analysis of economical efficiency. It is expected that the results of this study will be used base data for production, update, revision of digital map and curtail effect of national budget.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.225-234
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• 2006

Characteristics of electricity production from major fermentation products (acetate, propionate and butyrate) were evaluated in a microbial fuel cell (MFC). For each substrate, batch and continuous experiments were performed. The batch test result indicated that coulombic efficiency depended on the resistance connected in MFC circuit. With acetate, coulombic efficiency were 87% at $20{\Omega}$, but decreaced to 45% at$220{\Omega}$. In continuous tests, maximum power densities obtained was 220 Q with acetate. The maximum power densities of butyrate, acetate and propionate were 6.8, 6.1, and $5.2mW/m^2$, respectively. Propionate and butyrate were converted into acetate producing high currents. $H_2$ produced during butyrate and propionate probably used to produce electricity. In conclusion, butyrate conversion into acetate was faster than that of propionate with higher electricity production. If the production of propionate is inhibited during fermentation, anaerobically fermented liguor may be effectively applied for MFC.