• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.43-50
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• 1976

This is the report of a food consumption survey of 193 members of 30 farm families in three rural villages of Korea. From a total of 188 households of the three villages, namely Wolgok in Kyunggi Do Province, Wachon in Kangwon Do Province, and Sobong in Cholla Namdo Province, 30 households were chosen for the survey. Four consecutive seasonal surveys, beginning in the autumn, November 1974 and finishing with the summer, August 1975, were made and each survey covered three consecutive days. The Precise Weighing Method was used in evaluating the kinds of food and nutrient intakes of the subjects. This method entails the accurate weighing of all foods by the investigator just prior to their consumption by the subjects under investigation. This survey was male to determine the actual food eaten by the members of these farm families at each season of the year, and to note any special differences in the foods consumed. The results obtained are summarized as follows: Food Intake The traditional ordinary diet of Korean farmers consists mainly of rice and other cereals as staple foods, and simple subsidary foods. The nutritional shortcomings of rice as a staple food are evident in the subclinical status of nutritional deficiencies. The mean consumption of cereals and their products was very high and it was more than half of the daily total food intake throughout all the seasons. The consumption of animal food, fruits, and fat by the farmers was very low. Fruit intake during winter and spring was almost nil. One of the special foods in the Korean dietary pattern is Kim-chi, a variety of pickled and fermented vegetables. The mean intake of Kim-chi during autumn and winter was very much higher than the other seasons. Korean farmers have difficulties in balanced year-round supply of food due to seasonality of food production and lack of food preservation. As nutrition problems of Korean farmers are highly influenced by seasonal variations, the expansion of an appropriate food preservation and storage programme should be encouraged. Special consideration should be given to new methods of preservation, the types of foods preserved, and production and consumption of nutritionally valuable foods for the improvement of the nutritional status in rural communities. Nutrient Intake Average adult rates for calorie and protein in the three study areas were 0.80 and 0.87 respectively, with little variations by villages. The adult caloric intake in averaged 2,928 kcal for autumn, 2,662 for winter, 2,673 for spring, and 2,760 for summer. Cereals contributed most of the total calories. In terms of the recommended daily dietary allowances for the Korean given by the Korea FAO Association, the diets in this survey were adequate except in the winter and spring. The protein intake averaged from 76.4 grams in autumn to 83.4 grams in summer and was near the recommended allowance, but a relatively large proportion of the total protein came from cereals and their products. The fat intake was unsatisfactory, ranging from 19.2 grams to 29.3 grams for the four seasons, and the consumption during farming season was higher than other seasons. It is apparent that the diet of the Korean farmers should be supplemented by calcium during autumn and winter. The highest calcium intake, with a mean of 583.5 milligrams, was recorded in summer. The mean intake of iron ranged from a low of 9.2 milligrams in the autumn to a high of 15.0 milligrams in the spring and it was satisfactory for all seasons. Among the vitamin group, the daily average intakes of vitamin A, thiamine, riboflavin, and ascorbic acid were lower than the desired intake throughout all the seasons. The mean vitamin A intake as ${\beta}-carotene$ ranged from a low of 2,807.8 IU to a high of 5,221.0 IU. The thiamine intake ranged from 0.98 milligrams to 1.19 milligrams, while mean riboflavin intake ranged from 0.92 milligrams to 1.13 milligrams. Ascorbic acid intake was 37.3 milligrams, the lowest, and the highest 47.8 milligrams. Niacin intake among Korean farmers was higher than the recommended allowance throughout all the seasons, and the mean intake ranged from 18.3 milligrams to 25.8 milligrams. The main character of the Korean farmers' diet has been found low in quality of protein and high in carbohydrate. Attention should be paid to the low intake of vitamin A, thiamine, riboflavin, and ascorbic acid among Korean farmers.

• The Journal of Fisheries Business Administration
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• v.49 no.3
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• pp.67-83
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• 2018

This study is aimed at finding policy directions for Korean fisheries and fishing villages by using Delphi method for fisheries experts. Fisheries experts have highly evaluated the achievements of fostering aquaculture industry, seafood export support measures, and natural disasters relief and recovery arrangements among the policies promoted as so far. And it was recognized that policies such as fishery resources management, creation and recovery of fishery resources, improvement hygiene and seafood safety, and provision young fishermen with training and capacity building will be important. Future megatrends, for example changes in food consumption pattern, climate change, and demographic structure changes are expected to have a significant impact on fisheries and fishing villages. The Delphi survey indicates that the most important policy objective is to secure a stable fisheries production. In other words, fisheries policy in the future should be aimed at suppling sustainable seafood for popular consumption. Finding strategies and action plans that can achieve this goal will be an important policy issue. In conclusion, it is necessary that a number of fundamental researches carry out in Korea, which can lead to finding out a multifunctionality of fisheries and fishing village. In addition, it is important to expand the scope of fisheries policy, which can consider not only the fisheries producers but also seafood consumer's and young fishermen perspectives. Furthermore, it recommends that fishery policy needs to include fishery related industry as well as application of 4th industrial revolution technology to fishery.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• no.22
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• pp.46-52
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• 2000

The Department store of today contrary to past plays an important role in the culture of modern market, because of the development of national economy and a rise in the standard of living. The improvement of culture and the high growth of economy made a livelihood fertile, mass production and mass consumption of product based on accumulation of technology caused the industry of distribution to activate, and the change of consumption pattern and various purchasing form resulted in the distribution structure like large scale store. This study was composed of pilot study, the first research, and the second research. In pilot study, the types of interior design the first floor of large-sized department store in the Metropolitan area was classified on the basis of the image of interior design prior researched. The contemporary interior design require unique image frequently because of the qualitative enhancement accompanying segmentation and specialization of space. Especially, the emergence of foreign company along with the change of the distribution environment threaten the domestic interior design industry. Therefore, the interior design plant introducing the image elements is able to have critical influence on forming specialized space in department store. This study investigated the interior design limited to the first floor of large-sized department store in the Metropolitan area, therefore the user's preference and the problem of design in domestic department store of today was not examined well. But this study was able to explore the types of interior design image in the first floor of department store and the relation between consisting elements.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.27 no.8
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• pp.1069-1074
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• 2014

In China and South East Asia, the duck (common duck) is important in egg production for human consumption. Plumage color is a breed characteristic and of economic importance, together with egg production. Our aim in this study was to investigate the inheritance of plumage color in three Chinese indigenous egg-type duck breeds, Shan Ma (S), Putian White (F) and Putian black (P), and some of their crossbreds. These three breeds have different plumage color and are used in crossbreeding. The crossbred laying ducks $F{\times}(P{\times}S)$ and $F{\times}(S{\times}P)$ showed highly improved laying ability but heterogeneous plumage color. Genotypes at four relevant loci were investigated by studying down color and pattern in ducklings after crossbreeding. $F_1$ ducklings from the matings $F{\times}S$ and $S{\times}F$, $P{\times}S$, and $S{\times}P$ were classified into four classes of plumage color (the Shan Ma plumage color, black, white, or multicolored) over three generations. Parents were selected for the Shan Ma plumage color of their progeny. In the fourth generation, P male and P female ducks were selected according to the frequency of the desired class of plumage color (Shan Ma) of their $F_1$ progeny to obtain the so-called "Brown Putian Ma duck". The Shan Ma duck genotype was identified as having the restricted mallard color pattern ($M^RM^R$), full expression of any of the patterns or colors (CC), no extended black (ee) and no brown dilution D (D). The Putian White genotype was recessive white (cc), no extended black (ee) and no brown dilution D (D). The Putian Black genotype exhibited full expression of extended black (E gene) and no brown dilution (CCEE D [D]). It was shown that $F{\times}S$ and $S{\times}F$ tests should be implemented to eliminate the recessive white c allele in the S line and the dominant extended black E allele in the F line. It was also shown that the Brown Putian Ma obtained from Putian Black, with no extended black genotype (ee), could be used to get rid of the black plumage (E gene) in the crossbred ducks. This could provide a solution for producing 3-way crossbred ducks Putian $White{\times}$(Putian-$Ma{\times}Shan$ Ma) and Putian $White{\times}$(Shan $Ma{\times}Putian$-Ma), with the desired Shan Ma feather color.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.366-373
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• 2019

The development of monitoring and analysis systems to increase productivity while saving energy is needed as a method to reduce huge amount of energy consumed in the process of producing large forged products. In this paper, we propose a system to monitor and analyze energy usage in real-time collected from gas-meter, wattmeter, and thermometer based on IoT installed in forging factories. The system consists of a data collection server for collecting and processing data from IoT- based platform and existing SCADA equipment and ERP/MES system in forging factories, and an application server for providing services to users. To develop the system, the overall system structure is logically diagrammed, and the databases configuration and implementation modules to efficiently store and manage data are presented. In the future, the system will be utilized to reduce energy consumption by analyzing energy usage pattern and optimizing process works with real-time energy usage and production process data for each facility.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.634-645
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to develop cruise look design inspired by the ocean life motif using by computer CAD system. Domestic and international brands were selected for this study researching cruise line collection. A variety of literature and online site for concept of cruise look and sustainable design was studied. Adobe Illustrator CS2 and Adobe Photoshop CS2 program were used for cruise look design through analysis of 07/08 S/S trend. The diffusion of cruise look reflects a societal trend to be changed life pattern. The results of this study are as below. First, as this society has become modernized with advancement of technology, people have been increasingly interested in the pursuit of happiness and the concept of 'quality of life', thereby creating a new trend of consumption culture. As a result, fashion market place changed targeting sensible and self-enrichment customers. Second, as combining rapid technological innovation and mass production, industrial design caused environmental pollution and the problems are being worsen. Fashion design has same problems and led to eco-friendly design by the large. Third, as the change of style influenced by economic and social condition, cruise look re-defined and became more common. The change of various fields led to fashion market place should be changed. The cruise look design using computer program will give more benefits to many designers.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.9 no.6
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• pp.336-343
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• 2009

Companies often use database for performing task more efficiently and data mining for marketing and production efficiency through analyzing of the stored database. The use of the knowledge through the data mining maintains and provides a direction of development for the company. It could be as an additional competitive power for the company when decision making is necessary. This study is designing a model that predicts a rating of existing customer and consumption pattern with using actual data of the manufacturer and data mining methodology. The objective of this model is to improve profits for the company and brand value through connecting the marketing with identifying the customer's rating and consumer behavior.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.323-328
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• 2016

Thermal stability and rheological behaviors of Ricinodendron heudelotii wood were investigated. Thermogravimetric analysis conducted at a heating rate of $10^{\circ}C/min$ from 20 to $600^{\circ}C$ in a nitrogen atmosphere indicated that there was no variation in the decomposition of the onset and final temperature for all the polymers. The thermal behaviours were investigated at a temperature range from 130 to $0^{\circ}C$ at $3^{\circ}C/min$, multi-frequencies of 0.1-10 Hz using dynamic mechanical analysis. N-methyl-2-pyrolidone saturated specimens were tested while submerged under the same solvent. Polymers decomposition pattern during thermogravimetric analysis are similar in the radial position of the wood. The glass transition temperature (Tg) of R. heudelotii is $45{\pm}1^{\circ}C$ at 0.1 Hz. The Tg differs from the innerwood to outerwood. The Tg showed that N-methyl-2-pyrolidone saturated R. heudelotii would require low energy consumption during chemi-thermomechanical pulping.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.13 no.12
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• pp.1717-1725
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• 2000

The objective was to determine the relationship between feed intake levels and patterns, and growth performance and body composition of barrows and gilts using automatic feed intake recording equipment (F.I.R.E.). This system records the time of visits to the feeder and the duration and size of meals for individual animals housed in groups. Ninety-six crossbred pigs were grown from $33.4{\pm}0.51$ to $109.7{\pm}1.39kg$ live weight over a 13-week period. Eight mixed-sex groups of 12 pigs were used and 4 dietary treatments were compared giving 2 pens per treatment. The dietary treatments consisted of corn-soybean meal diets with differing protein levels which ranged from 14.7% to 19% between 30 to 55 kg, from 13.3% to 16.9% between 56 and 85 kg, and from 12.3% to 16.8% for the remainder of the study. Animals were ultrasonically scanned to measure loin-eye area and backfat thickness to estimate carcass fat-free lean content at the beginning and end of the study. Barrows had higher daily feed intake than gilts (2.67 vs. 2.46 kg resp. p<0.05) which was the result of a longer feeder occupation time per visit (4.77 vs. 4.54 min, resp. p<0.05), higher feed consumption rates (30.4 vs. 29.0 g/min, resp. p<0.05), and higher feed intakes per visit (136.9 vs. 126.8 g, resp. p<0.01). Gilts had less backfat and greater loin-eye area than barrows (p<0.05). Diet had no significant effect on growth performance and had limited impact on feeding patterns. Body weight showed high correlations with ADG (r=0.74), feed intake per visit (r=0.51) and feed consumption rate (r=0.69). Positive correlation were also found between daily feed intake and feed intake per visit (r=0.45), feeder occupation time per day (r=0.56), and feed consumption rate (r=0.55), and between daily feed intake and backfat thickness (r=0.32) and feed consumption rate and loin-eye area (r=0.32). There were negative correlations between number of feeder visit per day and daily feed intake (r=-0.54), and between feed intake per visit and number of feeder visits per day (r=-0.43). However, correlations between feed intake traits and carcass traits were generally low. Visits to the feeder were greatest during the morning (0700 to 1100 h) and lowest during the evening and nighttime. These results highlight limited variation among the sexes in feeding patterns and suggest important relationships between feeding behavior and feed intake.

• Proceedings of the Korea Committee for Ocean Resources and Engineering Conference
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• 2004.05a
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• pp.106-110
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• 2004

In any large heavy industry like that of ship building, there exist a lot of complications for the arrangement of building blocks optimally for the minimal space consumption. The major problem arises at yard because of laxity in space for arranging the building blocks of ship under construction. A standardized erection sequence diagram is generally available to provide the prioritised erection sequence. This erection sequence diagram serves as the frame work. In order to make a timely erection of the blocks a post plan has to be developed so that the blocks lie in the nearest possible vicinity of the material handling devices while keeping the priority of erection. Therefore, the blocks are arranged in the pre-erection area. This kind of readiness of blocks leads to a very complex problem of space. This arises due to the least available space leading to an urgent need of an availability of intelligent spatial schedule without compromising the rate of production. There exists two critical problems ahead namely, the spatial occupation layout of pre-erection area and the emptying pattern in the spatial vicinity. The block shape is assumed be rectangular. The related input data's are the dates of erection (earliest as well as the latest), geometrical parameters of block available on pre-erection area, slack time and the like.