• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.535-553
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• 2020

In this study, the characteristics of the waste sector CDM project were analyzed through cluster analysis of the waste sector CDM project and the analysis of the CDM investment cost in waste sector using CDM project data registered with UNFCCC since 2008 when EU ETS phase 2 began. As of September 2020, 772 cases of CDM projects in waste disposal and disposal are registered. Biogas technology is the largest, followed by livestock manure processing and biomass production technology. The results of the cluster analysis are summarized as follows: First, on average, projects utilizing AWMS technology are small in size and relatively low in investment costs. This is judged to be relatively low investment costs due to previously attracted foreign investment capital. Second, the average investment cost of CDM projects considered along with waste (No.13), the energy industry (No.1) and agriculture (No.15) was higher than those involving only waste. The analysis of the factors determining the investment cost of the waste sector CDM project showed that, as with cluster analysis, the AWMS technology, which is a livestock manure treatment technology, was lower in the investment cost than those that use other technologies. As a result of multiple regression analysis, the investment cost of the CDM project was analyzed lower in the order of biomass, AWMS, LFG and biogas. Also, the higher the investment cost for CDM projects linked to waste, energy and agriculture, and the better the investment environment, the higher the investment cost. Although no statistical feasibility was obtained, the larger the annual emission reduction, the lower the CDM investment cost.

• 농촌지도와개발
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.257-277
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• 2000

The objectives of this study are to investigate the relationship between the growth of the horticultural sector and horticultural research and extension and to examine the socioeconomic returns to investment on research and extension in Korean horticulture. Data for horticultural production values, producer price indices and research and extension budgets for horticultural sector from 1965 to 1998 are collected from various sources. Multi-variate time series analysis technique with vector auto-regression model and Akino-Hayami Formula were employed for the analysis. This study finds (1) horticultural production responds about seven years later to the horticultural research investment shock. the magnitude of the impacts increases to a peak in seventeen years from the initial expenditures and then declines slowly thereafter until twenty years. and this peak gives a tip that horticultural research impact lasts much longer than grain's or agriculture's: (2) the social surplus from research investment benefits more to the consumer rather than to the horticultural producer: (3) B/C ratios in horticultural research are quite high with the range of 9 to 55 from 1965 to 1998. but these have been decreased since the early 1990s: (4) the socioeconomic returns to horticultural research is quite high with 56 percents of internal rate of return. It remains to be analyzed returns to investment on extension in horticulture because of no statistic significance in this study.

• 한국결정성장학회지
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.25-32
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• 2022

인베스트먼트 주조는 정밀기기, 의료분야, 액세서리 등의 제조에 일반적으로 사용되는 생산방식으로 장비의 현대화와 고품질의 재료를 통해 발전을 거듭해 왔으며 그 활용 범위가 확대되고 있다. 본 연구의 목적은 인베스트먼트 주조 공정의 핵심 요소인 금형 온도의 구조적 개선 및 표준화를 도출하여 불량률을 최소화하여 경제성과 생산성을 향상시키는 것이다. 연구의 범위는 소형탕도의 구조와 원리를 이해하기에 적합한 Jewelry 제조 주조 공정에 국한되어 있으며 연구 재료로 soft Wax, 석고 분말 및 14 K Gold를 사용하여 실험적 연구를 수행했다. 그 결과 Alloy 14 k의 주물 패턴에 가장 적합한 주물 표준 온도는 980℃ 플라스크 온도 550℃에서 가장 낮은 난류로 좋은 제품을 생산할 수 있었다. 본 연구의 향후 과제로 소형탕도의 구조 및 표준온도를 데이터를 분석하고, 현장의 생산 불량을 감소시키고 우수한 인베스트먼트 주조 공법의 경쟁력 확보를 위한 데이터를 제공하기 위한 세부 연구가 필요하다.

• 대한산업공학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.41-56
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• 1975

In the past the pattern of business down-trend usually appeared in the form of, first, decrease in facility investment, then decrease in inventory level, followed by reduced level of consumption. But the pattern nowadays is becoming just the opposite, that is, first, consumption decrease, then inventory level increase, followed by restriction of facility investment. Also in the past, the greater effort was placed in strengthening of hardware areas through optimization and modernization of production means on the premise of sales. But lately software areas take most of the main effort to establish production mean with sales as its objective. Under these circumstances one of the real problems facing production activities today is the conflicting relationship between sales and production functions. This occurs due to differences of their view points. Then, in order to achieve maximum profit at the least cost, which is the ultimate objective of a production activity, the need arises to effectively coordinate sales demand and plant production capacity. For this purpose strong control means and function must be devised. In our case study example we illustrate a management technique for a combined planning function, of optimal coordination of product mixes utilizing a computerized linear programming model as control means of attaining maximum profit. It is hoped that this example help achieve some of corporate objectives.

• 신재생에너지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.13-22
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• 2023

With the increased interest in renewable energy, various hydrogen production technologies have been developed. Hydrogen production can be classified into green, blue, gray, and pink hydrogen depending on the production method; each method has different technical performance, costs, and CO₂ emission characteristics. Hence, selecting the technology priorities that meet the company strategy is essential to develop technologically and economically feasible projects and achieve the national carbon neutrality targets. In addition, in early development technologies, analyzing the technology investment priorities based on the company's strategy and establishing investment decisions such as budget and human resources allocation is important. This study proposes a method of selecting priorities for various hydrogen production technologies as a specific implementation plan to achieve the national carbon neutrality goal. In particular, we analyze key performance indicators for technology, economic feasibility, and environmental performance by various candidate technologies and suggest ways to score them. As a result of the analysis using the aforementioned method, the priority of steam methane reforming (SMR) technology combined with carbon capture & storage (CCS) was established to be high in terms of achieving the national carbon neutrality goal.

• 경영과정보연구
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• 제25권
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• pp.387-405
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• 2008

Vietnam is gaining much attention as an attractive emerging market that can replace BRICs for the corporations who are destined to always look for a new market in order to secure competitive powers in the global market. The reason for Vietnam's becoming an attractive place for production is that much uncertainty has been found in China, which has been the traditional country that absorbed the most amount of capital investment. Also, the favorable conditions of Vietnam market itself and the environmental changes such as the open-door policy of Vietnam government attract the investment of Korean companies, and Korea currently holds the most amount of cumulative investments in Vietnam. However, it is necessary to remember that Vietnam is still a socialist nation, and many required components for corporate activities are not sufficiently provided in Vietnam market. Also, many unstable environmental factors exist such as the lack of infrastructure, the lack of many required institutions, the prevalent corruption, the excessive processing time and cost for adjusting the investment, the lack of advanced work force, and the underdevelopment of part and material industry. Therefore, those companies who are planning to invest in Vietnam should take a long-term perspective in planning the investment strategies, carry out a detailed market investigation and analysis in advance, diversify the investment areas and investment sectors, carefully make a joint venture and management, carefully determine the factory location, establish a local agency, make co-investments with the part suppliers, etc.

• 기술경영경제학회:학술대회논문집
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• 기술경영경제학회 2002년도 제20회 동계학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.59-89
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• 2002

The rapid diffusion of information and telecommunication (IT) technologies during the recent decennia produced fundamental changes in the economic activity at a global level, resulting in what became coined as the "new economy". However, empirical evidence on the contribution of IT equipment to growth and productivity is at best mixed, with the more or less consistent results on the positive link between the two relating to the United States in the 1990-s. Although the empirical literature on the link between IT investment and economic performance employs a wide variety of methodologies, the overwhelming majority of the studies appears to be employing the assumption of linearity of the IT-performance relationship and predominantly explores the direct nature thereof. In this study we relax both these assumptions and find that the indirect, or aggregate productive efficiency, effects of IT investment are as important as are the direct ones The estimated non-linear nature of the indirect relationship between IT investment intensity and productive efficiency accommodates the concepts of critical mass and complementary (infrastructure) capital offered in the literature. Our key finding is that the world economy′s average level of IT investment intensity remained below the estimated critical mass. Since in this study we developed a methodology that allows one to explicitly measure the critical mass of IT investment intensity, its individual estimation at a country or industrialsector level may help evaluate the extent to which IT investment activity has to be encouraged or discouraged.

• East Asian Economic Review
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.389-416
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• 2020

This paper provides empirical evidence on the reorganization of GVCs in East Asia, highlighting that structural trends explain a decrease in the fragmentation of production after 2011 but that it is not the result of rising trade costs along the value chain. Using harmonized inter-country input-output tables, the paper first analyzes the global import intensity of production to document changes in the structure of GVCs. It then calculates theory-consistent bilateral trade costs for intermediate and final products using an approach derived from the gravity literature and introduces a new index of cumulative trade costs along the value chain. These data are used to discuss whether the decrease in global imports is the consequence of shifts in demand, efficiency-enhancing strategies of firms or rising trade costs. Between 2011 and 2016, cumulative trade costs have decreased in East Asian GVCs. However, as COVID-19 is likely to intensify trade and investment uncertainties, trade costs could increase in the future. Policies aimed at reducing uncertainties and preserving the gains from trade and investment liberalization will be key in this new environment.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제19권7호
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• pp.526-537
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• 2019

이 연구는 기계학습의 도입이 미디어 산업구조에 어떠한 영향을 미칠 것인가에 대해 산업조직론적 관점에서 살펴보았다. 먼저 기계학습 기법이 미디어 산업에 성공적으로 도입되기 위해서는 각 산업 단계의 조직구성원 사이에서 기계학습 기반 시스템의 필요성에 대한 공감대 형성이 선행되어야 할 것으로 분석된다. 기계학습의 도입은 기존 방송 및 영화산업의 투자 의사결정과정과 제작 과정에 유의미한 변화를 가져올 것이며, 투자 측면에서는 객관적 데이터의 제공으로 인해 효율성이 증대될 것으로 보인다. 또한, 성과가 담보된 장르 및 형식의 콘텐츠에 투자가 집중됨에 따라 다양성이 감소할 가능성이 있다. 제작 측면에서는 창작자의 반복적 행위를 기계학습 시스템이 담당하는 역할을 한다면 생산효율성이 증대될 수 있다.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제51권2호
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• pp.631-640
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• 2019

Thorium ($^{232}Th$) is four times more abundant than uranium in nature and has become a new important source of energy in the future. This is due to the ability of thorium to undergo the bombardment of neutron to produce uranium-233 ($^{233}U$). The aim of this study is to investigate the production cost of thorium oxide ($ThO_2$) resulted from the thorium extraction process. Four main parameters were studied which include raw material and chemical cost, total capital investment, direct cost and indirect cost. These parameters were justified to obtain the final production cost for the thorium extraction process. The result showed that the raw material costs were $63,126.00 - $104,120.77 (0.5 ton), $126,252.00 - $178,241.53 (1.0 ton), and $1,262,520.00 - $1,782,415.33 (10.0 tons). The total installed equipment and total cost investment were estimated to be approximately $11,542,984.10 and $13,274,431.715 respectively. Hence, the total costs for producing 1 kg $ThO_2$ were $6829.79 - $6911.78, $3540.95 - $3592.94, and $501.18 - $553.17 for 0.5, 1.0, and 10.0 tons respectively. The result concluded that with higher mass production, the cost of 1 kg $ThO_2$ would be reduced which in this scenario, the lowest production cost was $$501.18kg^{-1}$-$$553.17kg^{-1}$ for 10.0 tons of $ThO_2$ production.