• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.311-320
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• 2010

This study aimed to examine the development and characteristics of the workers with upper limb musculoskeletal symptoms and disorders and to analyze the upper limb musculoskeletal symptoms and disorders for its relationship with the individual socio-demographic characteristics. This study investigated the effect on the limitations of physical activities using standardized surveillance tool and clinical diagnosis. Musculoskeletal symptoms and the limitations of physical activities were examined. The clinical diagnosis of musculoskeletal disorders were carried out by physical examination, radiological examination and electromyography-electroneuronography for 22 workers in kitchen hood assembly process and 50 workers in toggle process of leather product manufacturing. The proportion of workers with musculoskeletal disorders was higher and the DASH score was also statistically higher in female and aged workers with longer working hours, longer household working hours, less leisure/hobby activity and higher physical load. Physical activities component score increased in the following order: workers in normal health, workers with musculoskeletal symptoms, and workers with musculoskeletal disorders as clinically diagnosed. Score for each DASH component increased in the following order: sports/performing arts ability, social activities, specific physical functional activities, work or other regular daily activities, work ability, psychological activities, insomnia and upper limb symptoms. The overall and each component DASH scores were higher in workers with symptoms of status praesens and of more severity, and receiving medical intervention. Musculoskeletal symptoms and disorders are associated with individual socio-demographic characteristics, and DASH score for physical activities of upper limb was higher in workers with musculoskeletal disorders. Musculoskeletal symptoms and disorders have a remarkable epidemiological significance for physical activities, social activities, work or other regular daily activities, upper limb symptoms and insomnia, where work ability, sports/performing arts ability and preventive measure is needed.

• 한국소음진동공학회논문집
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• 제23권12호
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• pp.1045-1055
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• 2013

It is true that the dependency on import is currently high in case of the safety checkup system of domestic airplanes, and it is at the point of time that localization of HUMS for small airplanes is required. In this study, the design factors were selected for the lightweight of HUMS for small airplanes by using Pro-Engineer which is a design tool and Abaqus. 9 models were made through experiment plans with Taguchi method for this, and the each model for weight lightening was selected through vibration analysis and shock analysis while in operation with experiment profile values. After fabricating HUMS, it was verified that as a result of experiment with the same profile values as the analysis, there was similarity between the analyzed values and values of the experiment. As a result of performing weight lightening which is the purpose of the study, electronic performance for small airplanes is assured and a design plan reducing 15 % weight compared to the targeted weight was deduced. Besides, it could be verified that the light weight model satisfied the maximum allowable displacement value of PCB[printed circuit board] and accordingly satisfied electronic properties of HUMS. In this study, the reliability of a product was certified through the result of an experiment on ground. If the reliability of HUMS were verified through a test flight in the future, it is considered that it would make a big contribution to localization of aerospace electronic equipment.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제50권2호
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• pp.91-99
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• 2017

Objectives: As in many low-income and middle-income countries, out-of-pocket (OOP) payments by patients or their families are a key healthcare financing mechanism in Bangladesh that leads to economic burdens for households. The objective of this study was to identify whether and to what extent socioeconomic, demographic, and behavioral factors of the population had an impact on OOP expenditures in Bangladesh. Methods: A total of 12 400 patients who had paid to receive any type of healthcare services within the previous 30 days were analyzed from the Bangladesh Household Income and Expenditure Survey data, 2010. We employed regression analysis for identify factors influencing OOP health expenditures using the ordinary least square method. Results: The mean total OOP healthcare expenditures was US dollar (USD) 27.66; while, the cost of medicines (USD 16.98) was the highest cost driver (61% of total OOP healthcare expenditure). In addition, this study identified age, sex, marital status, place of residence, and family wealth as significant factors associated with higher OOP healthcare expenditures. In contrary, unemployment and not receiving financial social benefits were inversely associated with OOP expenditures. Conclusions: The findings of this study can help decision-makers by clarifying the determinants of OOP, discussing the mechanisms driving these determinants, and there by underscoring the need to develop policy options for building stronger financial protection mechanisms. The government should consider devoting more resources to providing free or subsidized care. In parallel with government action, the development of other prudential and sustainable risk-pooling mechanisms may help attract enthusiastic subscribers to community-based health insurance schemes.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.183-192
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• 2014

본 연구는 냉장 유통이 가능한 삼계탕을 생산하기 위해 새로운 가공 기술인 SHS 조리와 HPP 처리를 적용하여 냉장온도(5, 10, $15^{\circ}C$)에서 15일간 저장하면서 그 품질 변화를 살펴보았다. 기호도 조사를 통해 SHS 조리가 일반조리에 비해 높은 기호도를 보였으며, 조직감 측정결과 일반조리에 비해 조직이 연해져 부드러운 조직감을 부여하는 것을 알 수 있었다. 또한 지방의 산화반응을 억제하며 총균수의 증가폭도 일반 조리구에 비해 적어 위생적으로 안전한 것을 알 수 있었고, 저장 기간 동안 pH의 변화는 크게 나타나지 않았다. 이상의 결과를 종합해 볼 때 높은 기호도와 함께 위생적으로 안전한 삼계탕 제품을 제조하기 위해 SHS 조리법과 HHP처리를 적용할 수 있을 것으로 생각된다.

• 한국추진공학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.50-57
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• 2016

본 논문은 DNAM(Dinitroammeline)합성공정 개발을 위한 Lab scale 합성 과정을 소개하고 분석결과를 기록한 것으로 주요 내용은 다음과 같다 Melamine을 출발물질로 하여 니트로화와 산화 반응을 통해 DNAM을 합성하였다. 수율과 순도의 최적 조건을 찾기 위해 투입순서, 반응시간, 반응물 당량 등을 변경하여 실험을 수행하였다. DNAM 합성의 최적화된 조건은 3시간에서 3시간 30분 정도 반응시간이고, 니트로화 혼합물의 무게비는 1:1.4(아세트산 무수물:농질산)이며, 최종 수율은 60% 이상이다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권15호
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• pp.6279-6284
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• 2015

Opisthorchis viverrini (OV)-induced cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is an important cancer in the Great Mekong region, particularly in Thailand. Limitations of treatment options and the lack of an effective diagnostic tool for early detection of CCA are major concerns for the control of this type of cancer. The aim of the study was to investigate anti-CCA activity of the ethanolic extract of Atractylodes lancea (Thunb.) DC., and the applicability of positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT) as a tool for detection and monitoring the progression of CCA in Opisthorchis viverrini (OV)/dimethylnitrosamine (DMN)-induced CCA hamsters. Male Syrian hamsters were used for toxicity tests and anti-CCA activity evaluation. Development of CCA was induced by initial feeding of 50 metacercariae of OV, followed by drinking water containing 12.5 ppm of DMN in hamsters. The ethanolic extract of A. lancea (Thunb.) DC. was administered orally for 30 days. PET-CT was performed every 4 weeks after initiation of CCA using 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose ($^{18}F-FDG$). Results from the present study suggest that the ethanolic extract of A. lancea (Thunb.) DC. rhizome exhibited promising anti-CCA activity and safety profile in the OV/DMN-induced hamster model. To successfully apply PET-CT as a tool for early detection of tumor development and progression, modification of radiolabeling approach is required to improve its specificity for CCA cells.

• 청정기술
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.251-256
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• 2007

폴리카보네이트(PC)의 해중합 방법에는 여러 가지방법이 보고되어 있으나, 기존의 해중합 방범에는 페놀, 톨루엔, 다이옥신 등의 독성물질 사용으로 인한 환경적인 안전문제, 알칼리의 사용으로 인한 2차 분리 문제 등이 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 독성물질 및 촉매를 사용하지 않고 에틸렌글리콜(EG)과 메탄올(MeOH)을 사용한 글리콜첨가분해(glycolysis)/메탄올첨가분해(methanolysis) 혼성공정에 의하여 폐PC로부터 비스페놀 A (BPA)를 회수하였다. 글리콜첨가분해는 반응온도 473.15K에서 180분에 반응평형에 도달하였고, PC의 용해과정이 이 반응의 율속단계로 나타났다. 글리콜첨가분해 이후 메탄올첨가분해를 시행함으로써 BPA수율을 높일 수 있었으며, HeOH/PC 몰비 1에서 BPA수율은 최대점을 가지고, 반응 온도가 증가할수록 수율이 증가하였다.

• 화약ㆍ발파
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.49-56
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• 2006

도심지에서 폭약을 사용한 굴착공법은 진동 소음 비산 등으로 인한 안전상의 문제로 사용상 많은 제약이 따르고 있다 이러한 이유로 암파쇄굴착공법 (건교부, 2003)에 주로 쓰이는 FINECKER Plus(미진동파쇄기)의 사용이 점차 늘어나고 있다. 따라서 본 사례연구에서는 도심지 현장에서 진동을 제어하기 위해 FINECKER Plus를 적용하고, 신제품 360g 1본(本)과 기존제품 180g 2본(本)의 비교시험과 함께 무진동공법과 병행하여 시공성을 비교하였다. 신제품 360g의 파쇄효율 및 소음 진동수준에서는 대등한 정도로, 작업시간이 32% 감소하여 시공성 면에서는 뛰어난 결과를 얻었다 또한, FINECKER Plus의 굴착량은 $64.2m^3/$일로 무진동공법에 비해 7.7배 정도의 뛰어난 시공성을 나타내었다

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.590-596
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• 2010

Meat and meat products are a potential source of food-borne pathogens, including Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella spp., Escherichia coli O157:H7, and Bacillus cereus. A sensitive and specific PCR assay for the detection of these pathogens in meat and meat products was developed in this study, as part of a broader effort to reduce the potential health hazards posed by these pathogens. Initially, PCR conditions were standardized with purified DNA. Under standard conditions, the detection level for PCR was as low as 10 pg of purified bacterial DNA. After overnight growth of bacteria in a broth medium, as few as $10^2$ CFU of bacteria were detected by PCR assay. The primers employed in the PCR assay were found to be highly specific for individual organisms, and evidenced no cross-reactivity with heterologous organisms. Additionally, the multiplex PCR assays also amplified some target genes from the four pathogens, and multiplex amplification was obtained from as little as 10 pg of DNA, thus illustrating the excellent specificity and high sensitivity of the assay. In conclusion, this PCR-based technique provides a sensitive and specific method for the detection of S. aureus, Salmonella spp., E. coli O157:H7, and B. cereus in meat and meat products.

• 정보학연구
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.97-119
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• 2002

각 은행들은 인터넷 뱅킹을 통해 경쟁력 확보하기 위해 서비스 개발에 박차를 가하고 있을 뿐만 아니라, 새로운 뱅킹 비즈니스 모델을 구현하고 있다. 특히 인터넷 뱅킹 경쟁력 평가는 단순히 인터넷 뱅킹 사이트의 서비스 평가와는 다르다. 국내외 인터넷 뱅킹에서 제공하는 서비스 상품들은 성공적인 합병과 다양한 온라인 접점의 구축을 통해 금융서비스를 가장 효율적으로 제공하며, 또한 은행업무뿐만 아니라 증권서비스, 보험, 소비자금융, 리스, 부동산업무 등을 원스톱으로 제공하는 등 다양한 서비스를 제공하며, 사업의 영역을 넓혀가고 있다. 그리고 대부분의 국내외 은행 및 금융기관들이 인터넷 뱅킹 서비스 개발을 통하여 경영효율성을 증대시키고 경쟁력을 제고하고자 노력하고 있다. 특히 국내외 은행들이 일대일 맞춤 서비스, 개인 재무관리 그리고 인터넷뱅킹을 이용한 아파트관리비 납부서비스 상품을 개발하여 제공하고 있을 뿐만 아니라, 통합모바일서비스, 세금 전자납부 징수, 인터넷 무서류 대출 상품 서비스를 개발하여 시장에서 판매하고 있다. 따라서 현재의 고객 및 잠재고객들이 은행의 인터넷 뱅킹 서비스를 적극 이용하도록 유치함으로써 은행 및 금융기관들은 그들의 경쟁적위상을 제고시키고자 노력하고 있다.