• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.205-215
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to identity the relationship of clothing involvement, consumer characteristics, and clothing buying behavior of college female students in China. A questionnaire was developed to measure clothing involvement, materialism, conspicuous consumption, reference group influence, clothing purchasing modes, fashion information sources. The questionnaire was administered to 390 college female students in Dandong of china. The data were analyzed using percentage, frequency, factor analysis, and t-test. The results of the study were as follows: 1. Subjects were divided into low clothing involved and high clothing involved groups according to the level of clothing involvement. 2. Three dimensions of materialism were derived by factor analysis such as Happiness-pursuing, Life-centered, and Sucess-symbolic. And three dimensions of conspicuous consumption and reference group influence were derived by factor analysis such as luxury oriented, Status symbolic, Brand-name oriented, and Comparative, Informational, Normative exactly. Clothing purchasing motives and fashion information sources were factor analysed as Social and Individual mole, and Printed & Electric-wave media, Marketer managed, Personal exactly. 3. There were significant differences between high involved and low involved consumers in consumer characteristics and clothing purchasing behavior. The high involved consumers showed more importance than low involved consumers about materialism especially in Happiness-pursuing about conspicuous consumption in status symbolic and about influence of reference group in comparative. The high involved consumers put more importance than low involved consumer individual motive as clothing purchasing motive, and marketer managed in clothing fashion information. The high invoked consumers showed more importance than low invoked consumers about evaluating attributes of product, and about store patronage criterion.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.19-33
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• 2015

Studies focusing on the constantly changing buying behavior and product preferences of a booming teen market are rare and this is particularly true in the Philippines. To address this gap in the literature, this study focused on the supermarket brands of cologne preferred by teens in the Philippines such as Lewis & Pearl (L&P), Johnson's Baby Cologne, Juicy, Bench, Ellips, Fiona, Bambini and Baby Flo which are manufactured by various competing companies. Essentially, this study presented and described the profile and buying behavior of cologne users and non-cologne users and determined whether preferential differences existed between these brands. The respondents consisted of 473 teens all over the Philippines stratified in terms of general location via the three major groups of islands in the Philippines: Luzon, Visayas and Mindanao. Respondents came from selected schools in Quezon City in Metro Manila, Sariaya in Quezon Province, Cebu City, and Digos City to represent the Greater Metro Manila Area, Luzon, Visayas and Mindanao, respectively. Findings showed that almost all of the respondents used cologne at varying degrees. In general, teens use several scents and brands of cologne and continually shift from one scent/brand to another scent/brand. This made it difficult for any company to capture loyal consumers. The most popular brands used by teenagers were Bench (61.7%), Lewis and Pearl (59%), Juicy (42%), Afficionado (32%), Fiona (19.3%), Penshoppe (18%), Bambini (12.6%), Ellips (11.3%) and Zen Zest (7.5%). Fragrance or scent is the top priority of teenagers in choosing a cologne brand, followed by brand name, affordability, bottle design and endorser. The spray bottle type of colognes is preferred even if cologne spray bottles are priced higher than the splash cologne bottle type. Managerial implications of these findings for market players, marketing scholars and prospective investors are presented.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.3-14
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• 2006

This study intends to offer suggestions for improving the security and competitive power of traditional liquors by investing in the status of intellectual property rights. Merchandising and the marketing strategies of traditional liquor are also addressed. The data was collected through a questionnaire survey given to 101 CEOs of traditional liquor manufacturers. The major results of this study were as follows: The management types of traditional liquor manufacturers were classified as the company 57 (56.4%), the corporation or the union 29 (28.7%), domestic industry 10 (9.9%), and marketing community or technology center 5 (5.0%). The competitive power degree of traditional liquor products was classified as strength 30 (31.6%), usual 30 (31.6%), weakness 35 (36.8%). The elements of strong competitive power were taste, functional (wellbeing) character, and attractiveness of the brand name. On the other side, reasons for weakness in competitive power were the marketing system, price competitiveness, and advertisement. The trademark registration of the traditional liquor appeared with 53%. The reasons not to pursue a trademark registration included the complicated and unnecessary process of registration acquisition, high registration expenses, etc. The perceptions of CEOs about the consumer's brand awareness for their product were low with an average 2.97. Explanations included insufficient advertisement and public relations, unrefined trademark design, and the meaninglessness of brand names. The marketing strategy of traditional liquor manufacturers according to annual sales were as follows: Manufacturers with high sales emphasized marketing strategies that focused on functional character, traditional image, high quality in image and package materials and design, high price strategies based on quality, and various sale promotions.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.15-30
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• 1990

From now, we've made a study of Korean Clothing about our Royal family's or high birth person's and made little of our plain folk's. Our traditional clothing is plain folk's clothing and that is our fundamental clothing, so plain folk's clothing has an important part in our life. In this point, first we were concerned about the plain folk woman's clothing in the plain folk's clothing and it consists of the way of ethnographic method like listening from the lod about their contant living wear-daily wear. This research covers the time from the end of the Yee-Dynasty to 1950's and the place, each province where the primitive dwellers still live and respondent's age range is about from 60 to 80. In the viwepoint of our climate and construction, women should be over-worn an underwear and they have worn the underwear for the purpose of their heating and the inflating of the skirt. The end of the Yee-Dynasty, high society person wore underwear 7-8 layers thick and also the sow society person wore it 3-4 layers thick. The Plain folk woman clothing's basic system is the skirt and Korean jacket and dari-sok-got, sok-sok-got, pants, dan-sok-got as an underwear, and Korean socks and Korean shoes(straw shoes) are added. This research discusses these clothing by dividing them into each part and enlighten the peculiarity, shape, cloth and how to construct and especially about the difficult-making Korean jacket, we handled the method of rough guess sizing. As the result, we found that each province had a similar peculiarity in the general clothing but they had a different cloth name and a wearing method. Especially, An-dong an Eum-sung, they'd worn their own traditional wear, sal-chang-hojaengiee. We made a good product of rough guess sizing data those have not been known.

• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.239-254
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• 2010

This study investigated the use and understanding of food and nutrition labels in 498 female adolescents (middle school students: MS 248, high school students: HS 250) in Gyeonggi-do. Fifty percent of the MS and 47.2% of the HS read food labels, and the most common reasons for reading labels were to find a product's expiration date and price. The food label information considered most important by the subjects was the name of the manufacturing company and expiration date. Over 80% of the subjects read nutrition labels. The MS read nutrition labels to find nutrients and their amounts in foods, while the HS read labels mostly in an effort to control body weight. These subjects gave more attention to calories and fat, the nutrients related to body weight, than to other nutrients. The subjects were highly aware of the necessity and positive effects of nutrition labels, because they believed labels could make it easier for them to choose healthy foods. However, scores for understanding nutrition labels showed the subjects failed to understand label information accurately. Generally, the MS showed better dietary behaviors than HS. But the HS had significantly higher scores than MS for the item "know relative weight with height." Those that read food labels had significantly better BMIs, dietary behaviors, and awareness and understanding of nutrition labels. There were significant positive relationships among awareness & understanding of nutrition labels and subjects' dietary behaviors. The study findings can be utilized to better plan nutrition education programs aiming to improve use and awareness of food and nutrition labels among adolescents.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.29 no.2 s.43
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• pp.233-250
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• 2003

We often use the KCID(Korean Cosmetic Ingredient Dictionary) and ICID(International Cosmetic Ingredient Dictionary) within cosmetics research and within their export and import. so far, we do not have a database of a cosmetics' raw materials. Because of this, we consume a lot of time to find the raw material data that is needed. This study constructs a cosmetics' raw material database and develops the program to retrieve it. We used a Linux machine as the equipment for this study and we used Apache web server, MySQL database server and PHP as the tools of this study. 11,817 kinds of raw materials data were registered as ICID, 866 kinds of raw materials data were registered as KCID and 28,008 kinds of raw materials data with registered trade name into the database. Also, The database was composed of the database of the association form. The database of the online form could ultimately reduce the task time as soon as it did its purpose. The product of this study can become a good basis of data to reconfigure. In the future, it can become a good database in relation with different databases.

• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.15-22
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• 2005

Source : sources used by Qianghuo is Ostericum koreanum Maximowicz, Notopterygium incisum Ting and Notopterygium forbesii Boissier etc. in Korea and China. And we cirulate a Qianghuo dividing Nanqianghuo and Beiqianghuo. Thought source of Korea Qianghuo is different from china's we use a same name. And source of Beiqianghuo has not made clear yet. According to research accomplished 2002, we have to use Nanqianghuo producted at Jinbu in aspect of aspect. but, Beiqianghuo the outside form of Beiqianghuo similar to china so we think that we have to more make clear source of domestic Qianghuo, verify a source Beiqianghuo and re-establish about effects and functions of domestic Qianghuos. Culture : A term of culture is an nearly one year. so to product Qianghuo of good quality, we must plant directly in autumn or raise seedlings and transplant in spring. Processing : To protect turning to brown, Qianghuo are cirulate mostly as the original form without washing in water, To proteet crushing of Qianghuo when we cut off, Qianghuo were cut off after being soaked in water or steamed by heat. So when we wash and cut off, it has to be made processes which have no decreases of medical effects and be suggested a proper index which verify a medical effects. In summury, after harvesting Qianghuo the first washing $\rightarrow$ the first dry $\rightarrow$ selection $\rightarrow$ the second washing $\rightarrow$ the second dry $\rightarrow$ selection $\rightarrow$ cutting off $\rightarrow$ the third dry.

• Journal of Computational Design and Engineering
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.161-177
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• 2016

In history based parametric CAD modeling systems, persistent identification of the topological entities after design modification is mandatory to keep the design intent by recording model creation history and modification history. Persistent identification of geometric and topological entities is necessary in the product design phase as well as in the re-evaluation stage. For the identification, entities should be named first according to the methodology which will be applicable for all the entities unconditionally. After successive feature operations on a part body, topology based persistent identification mechanism generates ambiguity problem that usually stems from topology splitting and topology merging. Solving the ambiguity problem needs a complex method which is a combination of topology and geometry. Topology is used to assign the basic name to the entities. And geometry is used for the ambiguity solving between the entities. In the macro parametrics approach of iCAD lab of KAIST a topology based persistent identification mechanism is applied which will solve the ambiguity problem arising from topology splitting and also in case of topology merging. Here, a method is proposed where no geometry comparison is necessary for topology merging. The present research is focused on the enhancement of the persistent identification schema for the support of ambiguity problem especially of topology splitting problem and topology merging problem. It also focused on basic naming of pattern features.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.93-98
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• 2020

The study aims to understand how indirect hallyu experiences in the Chinese market affect Korea's national brand image and willingness to purchase Korean goods from the perspective of "content consumption" and "recognition of Korea's." To that end, a total of 178 Chinese university students in the Beijing and Shanghai regions were analyzed. According to research and analysis, the perception of indirect hallyu experience has had a positive affection not only on the Korean national image but also on the willingness to purchase Korean products. Also, the halo effect came as Korea's national image had a positive effect on quite a lot of intentions to buy Korean merchandise. The recognition of South Korea can be enhanced by the spread of hallyu, which can be a decisive gauge of a favorable impression of the country in a short time.

• Journal of Gifted/Talented Education
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.747-761
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• 2016

The purpose of this research is to study the perception of mathematical creativity through gifted elementary mathematics students. The analysis on perception for mathematical creativity was done by testing 200 elementary school students in grades 4, 5, and 6 who are receiving gifted education in elementary mathematics gifted class operated by ${\bigcirc}{\bigcirc}$ City Dept of Education through the questionnaire that was developed based on Rhodes' 4P theory. This survey asked them to name what they think is the most creative from educational programs they have as far received. Then we analyzed the reason for the students' choice of the creativity program and interviewed the teachers who had conducted chosen program. As a result of analyzing the data, these students chose as mathematical creativity primarily creative problem solving, task commitment, and interest in mathematics in such order. This result is explained through analyzing the questionnaire that was based on Rhodes' 4P theory on areas of process, product and press. The perception of mathematical creativity by the gifted mathematical students not only helps to clarify the concept of mathematical creativity but also has implication for future development for gifted education program.