• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2017

In this paper, we examine the points of similarity and difference between Korea, Japan, and the USA in terms of the spin-off effects of space technology on cultural life. In Japan and the USA, spin-off effects of space development research by government funded research centers are diffusive while in Korea they are interruptive. Spin-offs of research results impact cultural life via technology transfer and commercialization in businesses. This is because the Korean aerospace industry has progressed largely based on an overall system, but the promotion of internal parts and sub-systems, which can trigger technological development and spin-off effects in manufacturing, has been neglected. In the case of the KARI, the government funded research center, we argue that it is necessary for KARI to devote more resources to transfer (or promote spin-offs of) space technology to small and medium-sized businesses and other industries.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.92-96
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• 2005

The antifungal activities of essential oils from the leaves of Glehnia littoralis, which is cultivated in Korea, were evaluated against pathogenic Trichophyton species by the broth dilution method and the disk diffusion test. Additionally, the effects of the oils together with ketoconazole were tested by the checkerboard titer test. The essential oil fraction and its main components showed significant inhibition of the tested Trichophyton fungi, with minimal inhibitor concentrations (MICs) in the range of 16-32 mg/ml. The results suggest that activities of this oil are based mainly on the contents of ${\alpha}-pinene$ (22.17%), the next prominent component of the oil fraction, while the first main components ${\beta}-pinene$ (57.83%) have relatively mild activity. The MICs of ${\alpha}-pinene$ and ${\beta}-pinene$ were 1-4 mg/ml and 4-32 mg/ml, respectively. Additionally the Glehnia oil fraction and its main components as well, exhibited significant synergism with ketoconazole against Trichophyton rubrum.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.147-149
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• 2015

Two terpenoids, including one uniquely aromatized one (1), were isolated from CH₂Cl₂-soluble fraction of MeOH extracts of Curcuma zedoaria. They were identified to be a sesquiterpene ketolactone (1) and orobanone (2), respectively on the basis of their NMR data. The structure of compound 1 was confirmed by X-ray chrystallography and the reported NMR assignments for 1 were revised in this study. Antibiotic activities for compounds 1 and 2 were evaluated using disk diffusion assay. Compound 1 showed potent antibacterial activities against Listeria monocytogenes and Staphylococcus pseudointermedius while compound 2 was active against Bacillus cereus.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.226-231
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• 2006

Artemisia vulgaris, one of the most religious plants in Nepal, is used in the treatment of various ailments. In this study, antioxidative activity of essential oil from A. vulgaris was evaluated, using different in vitro methods and antimicrobial activity by disc diffusion method against skin disease microorganisms such as Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Streptococcus pyogenes, Candida albicans and Propionibacterium acnes. The essential oil exhibited a concentration-dependent antioxidant activity. It showed strong metal chelating activity with low reducing and antioxidant power. However, gradual increase in radical scavenging activity was obtained with increasing concentration and reaction time. It also possessed a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity and notable susceptibility was observed against S. pyogenes and P. acnes.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.60-63
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• 2003

Effect of grape seed extract (GSE) against Candida albicans was examined under in-vitro and in-vivo conditions. The GSE was extracted in ethanol. In-vitro results from an agar diffusion susceptibility assay showed the GSE inhibited C. albicans growth. This anticandidal effect was at dose-dependency. In experiments with animals, mice that received the GSE (0.5 mg per mice), intravenously (i.v.), before i.v.-infection wish viable C. albicans yeast cells survived longer than diluent (buffer)-received control mice. In contrast, when GSE was given to mice after the mice were infected with the yeast cells, these mice showed a similar survival rate as compared to control mice that received no treatment with the GSE. Taken together, these data indicate that GSE has prophylactic effect but not therapeutic effect against disseminated candidiasis.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.286-290
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• 2017

Multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa are highly dangerous nosocomial pathogens, cause the symptoms of skin infections, pressure sores, sepsis, blood stream and wound infections. Unfortunately, these pathogens are immune to the most common antibiotics, such as, carbapenem, aminoglycoside and fluoroquinolone. Therefore, it is imperative that new and effective antibiotics be developed. In the present study, the antimicrobial effects of Aloe vera MAP (modified Aloe polysaccharide) on Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli and Enterobacter aerogenes, and clinical Pseudomonas aeruginosa and clinical Acinetobacter baumannii were comprehensibly investigated. Prior to the growth inhibition effect measurement and antibiotic disc diffusion assay on gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria and selected multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii, antimicrobial resistance screening was performed for the multidrug-resistant bacteria obtained from clinical isolates. The results for showed the Aloe vera MAP had a concentration-dependent effect on all of examined bacteria, particularly on Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant experiments were also performed dose dependently effects to confirm the beneficial physiological effects of Aloe vera MAP.

• International Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration
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• 제6권
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• pp.45-55
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• 1998

A theoretical and experimental study is performed to investigate the characteristics of ice slurry product. By diffusion-controlled evaporation model the possibility of ice slurry is theoretically anticipated. The water vapor evaporated from the surface of droplets is extracted continuously from the chamber by a vacuum pump. The droplet diameter is measured by silicon immersion method. The ice slurry is obtained by spraying droplets of ethylene glycol aqueous solution in the chamber where pressure is maintained under the triple point of water. The droplet with the diameter of 300 $\mu\textrm{m}$and the initial temperature of 2$0^{\circ}C$ was changed into ice particle within the chamber of 1.33m in height.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.197-202
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• 2006

In the reaction A + B $^\rightarrow_\leftarrow$ C, where A and B are ionic reactants having opposite charges, a B molecule approaching an A will experience a switching of the interaction potential when the A molecule is captured by one of the other B molecules in the medium. In the reversible case, the former B molecule still has a chance to react with the A, so that one needs to take into account the switched interaction between the reactant B and the product C as well as that between the reactants to treat the kinetics accurately. It is shown that this kind of interaction potential switching affects the relaxation kinetics in an intriguing way as observed in a recent experiment on an excited-state proton transfer reaction.

• STI Policy Review
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.1-13
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• 2013

The Schumpeterian process of "creative destruction", associated with the emergence and diffusion of new radical, so-called "general purpose" technologies, has throughout history impacted wealth and income, jobs creation, jobs displacement, and the emergence and submergence of new hotspots of innovation. Emerging countries have benefited most from such a renewing of those societies' dynamics, leading them to higher levels of economic development and welfare. Doing so they have shown a remarkable capacity in moving upstream in the value chain, from outsourcing of manufacturing activities to autonomous process technology development, product development, design, and applied research. At the same time however, such Schumpeterian processes have now and then turned into exactly opposite processes of "destructive creation." Such processes seem to have become common among what could be called "submerging" economies: innovation only benefitting a few at the expense of many with as a result an opposite pattern of a long term reduction in overall welfare, productivity, and employment growth.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.125-133
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• 1999

Sorbents of calcined limestone and oyster particles having a diameter of about 0.63mm were exposed to simulated fuel gases containing 5000ppm $H_2S$ for temperatures ranging from 600 to 80$0^{\circ}C$ in a TGA (Thermalgravimetric analyzer). The reaction between CaO and $H_2S$ proceeds via an unreacted shrinking core mechanism. The sulfidation rate is likely to be controlled primarily by countercurrent diffusion through the product layer of calcium sulfide(CaS) formed. The kinetics of the sorption of $H_2S$ by CaO is sensitive to the reaction temperature and particle size, and the reaction rate of oyster was faster than the calcined limestone.