• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• no.9
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• pp.77-85
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• 1996

The purpose of this study is to examine losely how the Rococo style, which reached its summit in the history of French furniture, was realized in its social background and mode of life. Based ion this examination , this study will explore desirable directions for developing our domestic furniture design. For this purpose , existing literature will be referred to and analyzed to arrange into a new system. Rococo furniture style was the product of joyous and aristocratic living . This was based upon the historical development of French interior design, established by the national mode of Versailles Palace. Hereafter, royal style came into fashion paralleled with the luxuries of the court. Pursuit of new , interesting or beyond-expectation fashions encouraged the creation of new and imaginative forms and designs . The elegnant taste of customers, the new techniques of furniture manufacturing , and the unique sales strategies of merchants were social phenomena which contributed to the development of Rococo furniture. Furthermore , Louis XV`s private and personal life led to society`s pursut of comfortable and convenient living . Under these circumstances, small and cozy rooms for various uses came into the interior. Accordingly, the scales of furniture became smaller and any types of furniture with their own uses and feminine nature were manufactured , especially by the bnistes. Rococo furniture with fmine beanty and refined line, beatifil proportion and elegant sculpture, and solidity and clarity in general , is not only furniture for the use of man, but also furniture in harmony with man. As we see the stages of development and the characteristics of Rococo furniture, development of Korean furniture is a common task which can be accomplished through the participation of the designer, manufacturer, seller and consumer. Based on this co-operation , the furniture industry must make an improvement in furmture design, lestablish a permanent store in which new works are displayed. publicize activities and sales, promote exhibitions and seminars, and encourage technical development through the government and other interested organizations.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.153-157
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• 2012

Obesity, which is characterized by excessive fat accumulation in adipose tissues, occurs by fat absorption by lipase and sequential fat accumulation in adipocyte through adipocyte differentiation. Thus, inhibition of pancreatic lipase activity and adipocyte differentiation would be crucial for the prevention and progression of obesity. In the present study, we attempted to evaluate anti-adipogenic activity of several algae extracts employing preadipocytes cell line, 3T3-L1 as an in vitro assay system. The effects on pancreatic lipase activity in vitro were also evaluated. Total methanolic extracts of Cladophora wrightiana and Costaria costata showed significant inhibitory activity on adipocyte differentiation as assessed by measuring fat accumulation using Oil Red O staining. Related to pancreatic lipase, C. wrightiana and Padina arborescens showed significant inhibition. Further fractionation of C. wrightiana, which showed the most potent activity, suggested that $CHCl_3$ and n-BuOH fraction are responsible for adipocyte differentiation inhibition, whereas n-BuOH and $H_2O$ fraction for pancreatic lipase inhibition. Our study also demonstrated that n-BuOH fraction was effective both in early and middle stage of differentiation whereas $CHCl_3$ fraction was effective only in early stage of differentiation. Taken together, algae might be new candidates in the development of obesity treatment.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.283-290
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• 2017

The host immune system is the first line of host defense, consisting mainly of innate and adaptive immunity. Immunity must be maintained, orchestrated, and harmonized, since overactivation of immune responses can lead to inflammation and autoimmune diseases, while immune deficiency can lead to infectious diseases. We investigated the regulation of innate and adaptive immune cell activation by Artemisia capillaris and its components (ursolic acid, hyperoside, scopoletin, and scopolin). Macrophage phagocytic activity was determined using fluorescently labeled Escherichia coli, as an indicator of innate immune activation. Concanavalin A (ConA)- and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced splenocyte proliferation was analyzed as surrogate markers for cellular and humoral adaptive immunity, respectively. Neither A. capillaris water extract (WAC) nor ethanol extract (EAC) greatly inhibited macrophage phagocytic activity. In contrast, WAC suppressed ConA- and LPS-induced proliferation of primary mouse splenocytes in a dose-dependent manner. Similarly, EAC inhibited ConA- and LPS-induced splenocyte proliferation. Oral administration of WAC in mice decreased ConA- and LPS-induced splenocyte proliferation, while that of EAC suppressed LPS-induced splenocyte proliferation. Repeated administration of WAC in mice inhibited ConA- and LPS-induced splenocyte proliferation. Ursolic acid, scopoletin, and scopolin reduced ConA- and LPS-induced primary mouse splenocyte proliferation, while hyperoside did not show such activity. These results indicate that A. capillaris and its components, ursolic acid, scopoletin, and scopolin, suppress ConA- and LPS-induced adaptive immune cell activation. The results suggest that A. capillaris is useful as a regulator of adaptive immunity for diseases involving excessive immune response activation.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.567-573
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• 2010

To ascertain the effect of over-expressed maize calreticulin in tomato plant on tobamovirus movement in addition to validating potentiality of the gene (ZmCRT) as a means for the virus-resistance resource, four ZmCRT-expressing homozygous lines were generated from the T0 plants as using an Agrobacterium-mediated transformation, nucleic acid analyses, and a conventional breeding method. Of them, a line was subjected to the bioassay for tolerances to tobacco mosaic virus-U1 (TMV-U1) and tomato mosaic virus (ToMV) followed by RT-PCR and a chlorophyll fluorescence quenching analyses. Both transgenic plants transcribing ZmCRT and wild-type plants showed no symptom by 20 days after viruses inoculation, however the photosystem II quantum yield parameter measured from the upper leaves of ToMV-inoculated plants revealed that ZmCRT transgenic plants have higher photosynthetic ability than wild-type ones at that time, which indirectly implies that over-expressed ZmCRT product acts as a barrier to the cell-to-cell and/or systemic movement of ToMV. Moreover, ZmCRT transgenic plants showed remarkably longer shoot length than wild-type ones in 40 days after TMV-U1 or ToMV inoculation each, which might be resulted from higher photosynthetic ability during the phase not yet showing any external symptoms. Collectively, over-expressed ZmCRT protein in tomato plants is able to interrupt the systemic movement of infected TMV-U1 and ToMV even though not perfect.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.81-97
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to summarize systematically and understand the characteristics of the production process of whole garments in order to develop knitwear using a real whole garment machine and propose this as a development case for high value added knitwear design. Concerning research methods, the study looked at existing research into whole garment knitwear and relevant data, data on websites, and the whole garment knitting machine made by Shima Seiki, a Japanese company, which has been the most commonly used machine in Korea. Also the study collected program data concerning a knitting machine and knitting by participating in the production process of whole garment knitwear, and the production line was filmed directly. In addition, the study conducted research into the development of knitwear design using the SWG-X 12 gauge. The conclusions obtained from the production process of whole garments and product development include the following. First, whole garment knitwear is appropriate for expressing a sophisticated look that makes the body appear to be in one form through natural connection without any seam allowance. Second, it is very suitable for response production since it does not go through the pattern, cutting, and processing stages. Furthermore, because of the consistent management of the entire process by computer control, it may be the highest cutting-edge fashion area in which planning and proposal style industry may be realizable. Third, it is easy to approach design through a programming process, and it is possible to develop diverse patterns; thereby, it is appropriate for producing high value added knitwear products.

• Journal of Advanced Navigation Technology
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.646-651
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• 2013

In this paper, a small inverted-F antenna with adjustable characteristics is proposed with use of lumped elements, capacitor and resistor. Capacitor is inserted between end of the antenna and ground for size reduction and tuning of resonant frequency. On the other hand, $0{\Omega}$ resistor is replaced as the short line connected to ground. The movement of short point due to use of $0{\Omega}$ resistor results in providing variation of input impedance. Therefore optimum characteristics can be obtained only by proper choice of capacitor and short point without redesign of it's geometry. In order to check the validity, the proposed antenna is designed and fabricated for 2.4 GHz frequency band, and then is applied to a product of Zigbee wireless remote controller. As a result, the size of applied antenna is $8.5{\times}4.5mm^2$ and it is observed that the measured bandwidth and antenna gain are 150 MHz and 2 dBi respectively without redesign of the antenna.

• Resources Recycling
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.45-50
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• 2020

Producer and distributor of electrical and electronic equipment may directly collect waste electrical and electronic equipment that falls under the class to which the equipment they distributed belongs, or may join KERC(Korea Electronic Recycling Cooperative) and have KERC fulfill the duty to collect on behalf. In this study, the system of calculating the financial contributions is reviewed, and then the defined problems and improvement plan are proposed. First, the standard operation and time should be set for collection and transportation costs, taking into account the operation by collection type. Second, since there is a difference in the screening method of the recycling center, the standard cost for the allocation factor should be set by reflecting the difference in these methods and the characteristics of the product line being processed. Third, it is necessary to secure a budget of sufficient size by determining the median or average value rather than the minimum value in the forecast model for visit collection. This study is suggesting in that it examines the problems of the allotted contributions paid by the mutual aid members to KERC and suggests ways to improve them.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2009.05a
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• pp.175-179
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• 2009

this paper proposes a filter design that makes to be satisfied EMC spec. in reliability test of analogue switch for electronic equipment and air conditioning load unit. A designed electromagnetic wave filter was applied to minimize an mutual interference and surrounding environment and improve the product's quality being satisfied to EMC standard. By simulation, using a spectrum analyzer at the 30MHz~1GHz band, ISO/JASO standard frequency range, and simplified EMI chamber, energy distribution of a specific frequency band was analyzed and the capacity of the element which composed the filter was determined in order to implement the most suitable electromagnetic wave filter.In fact, it was certificated that noise decrease by filter addition to the analogue switch for electronic equipment and air conditioning load unit in Certification Authority, and confirmed that the unit is carried out a normal action without electromagnetic wave interference.

• STI Policy Review
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.1-19
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• 2014

The concept of a holistic innovation policy is defined in this article, with discussions of what it is, why it is relevant, and how it can be implemented to enhance product innovation. It is shown that the innovation systems approach has diffused rapidly during the latest decades and has completely replaced the linear view in the field of innovation research. The majority of European countries are striving in the direction of developing a more holistic innovation policy. However, it is concluded that the innovation policies in European countries are still dominantly linear despite the fact that holistic policy seems to be the driving vision. Innovation policy is behindhand. Why innovation policy is still linear is also preliminarily discussed. Policymakers attending conferences on innovation are practically always in favor of holistic (systemic, broad-based, comprehensive, etc) innovation policies, have abandoned the linear view by learning from innovation research. The division between "linear" and "holistic" seems to be located within the community where innovation policies are designed and implemented, a community composed of policymakers (administrators/bureaucrats) and elected politicians. Perhaps the dividing line is between these two groups in that politicians, who actually make the decisions, may still reflexively believe in the linear view. Nevertheless, there seems to be a failure in communication between researchers and politicians in the field of innovation and there is therefore a strong need to involve innovation researchers in policy design and implementation to a much higher degree. Another way to increase the degree of holism could be to separate innovation policy from research policy, since their integration tends to cement the linear character of innovation policy. The empirical results are based on a questionnaire sent to twenty-three EU Member States, out of which nineteen (83%) responded. Part of the work for this article was carried out for the European Research and Innovation Area Committee (ERAC) of the European Commission (DG RTD).

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.11 no.4 s.42
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• pp.127-135
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• 2006

In the existing education using the globe. teaching contents are very simple and the relationship among learning units lacks a little bit because teaching materials are composed individually with the globe. Therefore, in this study, we developed the education glove system based on multimedia that is closely connected with teaching materials and the globe. This system is composed of the globe device and the learning software based on computer control. The globe device rotates itself on its axis as the solar center, and provides more efficient and visual education environment to students through the link between computer and the globe. The learning software provides the multimedia contents such as parallax, climate, culture, and education information about each country, and this software also can simulate the revolution of the earth around the sun. The globe device can be operated in off-line without the computer link. This system was developed by the industry cooperation and was displayed in the principal exhibitions. We have obtained positive results through the exhibitions and will promote the product in the future.