• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• v.20 no.9
• /
• pp.1021-1025
• /
• 1999

Near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy has been successfully utilized for the rapid identification of six typical petroleum products such as light straight-run (LSR), naphtha, kerosine, light gas oil (LGO), gasoline, and diesel. The spectral features of each product were reasonably differentiated in the NIR region, and the spectral differences provided enough qualitative spectral information for discrimination. For discrimination, principal component analysis (PCA) combined with Mahalanobis distance was used to identify each petroleum product from NIR spectra. The results showed that each product was accurately identified with an accuracy over 95%. Most noticeably, LSR, kerosine, gasoline, and diesel samples were predicted with identification accuracy of 99%. The overall results ensure that a portable NIR instrument combined with a multivariate qualitative discrimination method can be efficiently utilized for rapid and simple identification of petroleum products. This is especially important when local at-site measurements are necessary, such as accidental petroleum leakage and regulation of illegal product blending.

• Asia Marketing Journal
• /
• v.14 no.4
• /
• pp.167-188
• /
• 2013

In today's society with its emphasis on unlimited information access, control of available information about high-technology products is often vital to their success. When a product is released, consumers may initially be attracted through information about its remarkable internal and external features. They may also perceive a degree of congruence between their own personalities and the product image as more information becomes available over time. Consumers' changing impressions of the product may influence personality congruence negatively or positively. These changes and their effects on preference for high-technology products are the focus of this paper. A survey was given to a sample of 206 students at K University to investigate the degree to which consumer behavior can be influenced by personality congruence. The need for clear and definite product knowledge in this process and the effect of product information on preference were also investigated. Three analyses were conducted. The results of Analysis 1 showed the influence of personality congruence on preference for high-technology products. Judgments about personality congruence were based on non-compensatory rather than compensatory information processing. The respondents considered certain aspects of a product's personality rather than the product as a whole when making preference decisions. The results of Analysis 2 indicated that when less information was available about a product, consumers who perceived high personality congruence with the product tended to have higher preference for it compared to those who perceived low personality congruence with the product. On the other hand, when consumers were given more information, no difference was observed in the impact of personality on preference between perceived high and low personality congruence. Lastly, the results of Analysis 3 showed that when consumers with high need for closure (NFC) perceived high congruence between their own personalities and a product, objective information regarding the product was not used in decision-making: instead, judgments about the product were based on perceived personality congruence. On the other hand, high-NFC consumers who perceived low personality congruence between themselves and the product tended to require more information about the product in order to give it a positive evaluation. In contrast, low-NFC consumers who perceived high personality congruence felt comfortable with large amounts of information. For low-NFC consumers who perceived low congruence, the level of information had no influence on preference.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
• /
• v.17 no.4
• /
• pp.1-17
• /
• 2011

In order to maintain customer satisfaction and to remain productive and efficient in today's global competition, mass customization is adopted in many leading companies. Mass customization through product family and product platform enables companies to develop new products with flexibility, efficiency and quick responsiveness. Thus, product family strategy based on product platform is well suited to realize the mass customization. Product family is defined as a group of related products that share common features, components, and subsystems; and satisfy a variety of market niches. The objective is to propose a product family design strategy that provides priority weights among product components by satisfying customer requirements. The decision making process for a new product development requires a multiple criteria decision making technique with feedback. An analytical network process is adopted for the decision making modeling and procedure. For the implementation, a netbook product known as a small PC which is appropriate for the product family model is adopted. According to the proposed architecture, the priority weight of each component for each product family is derived. The relationship between the customer requirement and product component is analyzed and evaluated using QFD model.

• Journal of KIISE:Software and Applications
• /
• v.32 no.2
• /
• pp.119-127
• /
• 2005

Product line analysis is an activity for analyzing requirements, their relationships, and constraints in a product line before engineering product line assets (e.g., architectures and components). A feature-oriented commonality and variability analysis (called feature modeling) has been considered an essential part of product line analysis. Commonality and variability analysis, although critical, is not sufficient to develop reusable and adaptable product line assets. Dependencies among features and feature binding time also have significant influences on the design of product line assets. In this paper. we propose a feature-oriented product line analysis model that extends the existing feature model in terms of three aspects (i.e., feature commonality and variability, feature dependency, and feature binding time). To validate the consistency among the three aspects we formally define the feature-oriented product line analysis model and provide rules for checking consistency.

• Journal of the Speleological Society of Korea
• /
• no.71
• /
• pp.5-11
• /
• 2006

A theoretical investigation of the solid phase mechanochemical synthesis of nano sized target product on the basis of dilution of the initial powdered reagent mixture by another product of an exchange reaction is presented. On the basis of the proposed 3 mode particle size distribution in mechanically activated mixture, optimal molar ratios of the components in mixture are calculated, providing the occurrence of impact friction contacts of reagent particles and excluding aggregation of the nanosized particles of the target reaction product. Derivation of kinetic equations for mechanochemical synthesis of nanoscale particles by the final product dilution method in the systems of exchange reactions is submitted. On the basis of obtained equations the necessary times of mechanical activation for complete course of mechanochemical reactions are designed. Kinetics of solid phase mechanosynthesis of nano TlCl by dilution of initial (2NaCl+$Tl_2SO_4$) mixture with the exchange reaction product (diluent,$zNa_2SO_4$, z=z*=11.25) was studied experimentally. Some peculiar features of the reaction mechanism were found. Parameters of the kinetic curve of nano TlCl obtained experimentally were compared with those for the model reaction KBr+TlCl+zKCl=(z+1) KCl+TlBr (z=z1*=13.5), and for the first time the value of mass transfer coefficient in a mechanochemical reactor with mobile milling balls was evaluated. Dynamics of the size change was followed for nanoparticle reaction product as a function of mechanical activation time.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
• /
• 2005.07a
• /
• pp.405-406
• /
• 2005

A theoretical investigation of the solid-phase mechanochemical synthesis of nano-sized target product on the basis of dilution of the initial powdered reagent mixture by another product of an exchange reaction is presented. On the basis of the proposed 3-mode particle size distribution in mechanically activated mixture, optimal molar ratios of the components in mixture are calculated, providing the occurrence of impact-friction contacts of reagent particles and excluding aggregation of the nanosized particles of the target reaction product. Derivation of kinetic equations for mechanochemical synthesis of nanoscale particles by the final product dilution method in the systems of exchange reactions is submitted. On the basis of obtained equations the necessary times of mechanical activation for complete course of mechanochemical reactions are designed. Kinetics of solid phase mechanosynthesis of nano-TlCl by dilution of initial (2NaCl + $Tl_2SO_4$) mixture with the exchange reaction product (diluent, $zNa_2SO_4$, $z=z^*=11.25$) was studied experimentally. Some peculiar features of the reaction mechanism were found. Parameters of the kinetic curve of nano-TlCl obtained experimentally were compared with those for the model reaction KBr + TlCl + zKCl = (z + 1) KCl + TlBr ($z=z_l^*=13.5$), and for the first time the value of mass transfer coefficient in a mechanochemical reactor with mobile milling balls was evaluated. Dynamics of the size change was followed for nanoparticle reaction product as a function of mechanical activation time.

• Korea Trade Review
• /
• v.44 no.6
• /
• pp.135-150
• /
• 2019

Under the Manufacturing Liability Act, consumers want to be protected from manufacturers by mitigating burden of proof as an important target to be protected. However, due to the complexity of the product, it is very difficult for consumers to prove defects from the manufacturing defect. This situation has led to a major revision of the Manufacturing Liability Act, which mitigates the burden of proof of consumers by applying fruitless liability. The Manufacturing Liability Act is comparable to the U.S., which has strong consumer rights and is protected by the Manufacturing Liability Act. The burden of proof can be regarded as the most necessary content for consumers within the manufacturing product liability law when responding to manufacturing defects. The U.S. intends to provide implications for achieving consumer protection in Korea's Manufacturing Liability Act by imitating the U.S. based on the burden of proof. Case comparison regarding burden of proof can be conducted based on various criteria, including criteria for each product and key features for determining the importance of the manufacturing product liability law. The Act on the Responsibility of Korean Manufacturing Products for the Protection of Consumers was developed based on the assessment criteria, and a remedy was proposed to protect consumers who suffered from manufacturing defects.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers
• /
• v.15 no.6
• /
• pp.1933-1947
• /
• 1991

The synthesis of supplementary features of injection molded parts has been done empirically, since it requires profound knowledge about the features' moldability and causal effects on the properties of the part, which are not available to designers through current CAD systems. RIBBER is a knowledge module which contains knowledge to permit non-experts as well as mold design experts to generate acceptable supplementary features of injection molded parts. A knowledge-based CAD system is constructed by adding the knowledge module, RIBBER, for mold feature synthesis and appropriate CAE programs for mold design analysis to an existing geometric modeler in order to provide designers, at the initial design stage, with comprehensive process knowledge-based CAD system is a new tool which enables the concurrent design and CIM with integrated and balanced design decisions at the initial design stage of injection molding.

• International Journal of Contents
• /
• v.2 no.4
• /
• pp.1-7
• /
• 2006

The goal of Ambient Intelligence (AmI) is to build a smart environment for users where they are supported in some of their activities by many interaction mechanisms. The diversity of AmI characteristics requires special support from Operating Systems (OSes). In this paper, in order to support a conscious choice of an operating system for any specific AmI application, features requested by AmI systems were characterized and defined considering various applications. Then, characteristics of existing Operating Systems have been investigated in the context of AmI application support to relate their key characteristics to the typical requirements of AmI systems. Qualitative mapping table between AmI characteristics and as features has been proposed with an illustration of how to use it. As no as completely covers the range of characteristics required by AmI systems, challenging issues are summarized for the development of a new as and a product line of OSes.

• Korean Journal of Computational Design and Engineering
• /
• v.12 no.4
• /
• pp.245-254
• /
• 2007

This research proposed feature extraction algorithms as an input of STEP Ap214 data, and feature parameterization process to simplify further design change and maintenance. The procedure starts with suppression of blend faces of an input solid model to generate its simplified model, where both constant and variable-radius blends are considered. Most existing cell decomposition algorithms utilize concave edges, and they usually require complex procedures and computing time in recomposing the cells. The proposed algorithm using reference features, however, was found to be more efficient through testing with a few sample cases. In addition, the algorithm is able to recognize depression features, which is another strong point compared to the existing cell decomposition approaches. The proposed algorithm was implemented on a commercial CAD system and tested with selected industrial product models, along with parameterization of recognized features for further design change.