• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제57권5호
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• pp.17.1-17.6
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• 2015

The present study investigated the nutritional and economic suitability of cashew reject meal (full fat and defatted) as replacement for groundnut cake (GNC) in the diets of laying chickens. A total of eighty four brown shavers at 25 weeks of age were randomly allotted into seven dietary treatments each containing 6 replicates of 2 birds each. The seven diets prepared included diet 1, a control with GNC at $220gkg^{-1}$ as main protein source in the diet. Diets 2, 3 and 4 consist of gradual replacement of GNC with defatted cashew reject meal (DCRM) at 50%, 75% and 100% on weight for weight basis respectively while diets 5, 6 and 7 consist of gradual inclusion of full fat cashew reject meal (FCRM) to replace 25%, 35% and 50% of GNC protein respectively. Each group was allotted a diet in a completely randomized design in a study that lasted eight weeks during which records of the chemical constituent of the test ingredients, performance characteristics, egg quality traits and economic indicators were measured. Results showed that the crude protein were 22.10 and 35.4% for FCRM and DCRM respectively. Gross energy of DCRM was 5035 kcal/kg compared to GNC, 4752 kcal/kg. Result of aflatoxin $B_1$ revealed moderate level between 10 and $17{\mu}g/Kg$ in DCRM and GNC samples respectively. Birds on control gained 10 g, while those on DCRM and FCRM gained about 35 g and 120 g respectively. Feed intake declined (P < 0.05) with increased level of FCRM. Hen day production was highest in birds fed DCRM, followed by control and lowest value (P < 0.05) was recorded for FCRM. No significant change (P > 0.05) was observed for egg weight and shell thickness. Fat deposition and cholesterol content increased (P > 0.05) with increasing level of FCRM. The cost of feed per kilogram decreased gradually with increased inclusion level of CRM. The prediction equation showed the relative worth of DCRM compared to GNC was 92.3% whereas the actual market price of GNC triples that of DCRM. It was recommended that GNC could be completely replaced by DCRM in layer's diets in regions where this by product is abundant. However, FCRM should be cautiously used in diets of laying chickens.

• 한국콘텐츠학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘텐츠학회 2008년도 춘계 종합학술대회 논문집
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• pp.892-896
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• 2008

도로, 철도 및 운하 등을 비롯한 각종 건설공사를 위해서는 건설공사의 기본설계과정에서 건설예정지에 대한 지형측량을 실시하고 이를 기초로 종 횡단면도의 제작이 필수적인 요소이다. 본 연구에서는 건설예정지에 대한 프로파일 제작에 있어 NGIS구축사업에 의해 제작된 수치지형도의 지형정보를 이용하여 정밀 3차원지형모델을 구축하고, 이로부터 자동 프로파일을 생성하여 종 횡단면도로 활용할 수 있는 방안을 제안하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 수치지형도로부터 표고 및 주요시설물의 레이어를 각각 추출하고 이를 이용하여 정밀 3차원 지형모델을 구축하는 한편, 3차원 지형모델로부터 자동 프로파일을 생성하여 종횡단면도를 제작하였다. 그리고 생성된 프로파일의 경로에 대하여 지형측량을 실시하여 상호 분석함으로써 자동 생성된 프로파일의 정확도가 현지측량 정확도와 허용정확도를 만족시킬 수 있는지의 여부를 검토하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 건설공사를 위해 실시되는 기본설계과정에서 설계기간의 단축, 설계비용의 감소와 설계업무의 효율화를 꾀할 수 있는 새로운 개념의 프로파일 생성기법으로 제안할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.35-44
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• 2020

본 연구는 국방기술품질원이 수행하는 핵심부품 국산화개발 지원사업의 제안요청서 정교화를 목적으로 한다. 제안요청서는 사업의 공고와 개발업체 선정, 개발품의 설계와 시험, 사업의 최종 평가와 규격화 등 부품국산화 사업의 전반에 걸쳐 가장 중요한 문서이다. 하지만 제안요청서가 사업 초기에 정교화 되지 않을 경우, 다양한 사유로 인해 잦은 변경이 이루어지면서 사업 실패의 위험이 증가하는 문제가 있다. 본 연구에서는 이러한 제안요청서의 정교화 필요성을 인지하고, 정량적인 정교화를 위해 AHP 기법을 적용하였다. 국산화개발품의 기계적/전기적 성능과 관련된 제안요청서의 8가지 요구사항과 각 요구사항별 3가지 정교화 방안을 계층화 구조로 설계하였고, 5점 척도의 AHP 기법을 적용하여 각각의 가중치를 산출하였다. AHP 설문조사는 부품국산화 사업에 참여하는 개발업체 인원 20명을 대상으로 실시되었고, AHP 설문결과의 일관성비율이 0.1 이하의 유효한 수준으로 나타났다. 산출된 가중치 중 가장 높은 값을 갖는 정교화 방안을 분류하고, 해당 정교화 방안의 해석 결과와 향후 연구방향을 제시하였다.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.105-118
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• 2015

Purpose - The objective of this study is to verify whether there are differences between Korean and Chinese consumers in the importance of the attributes such as shopping value and loyalty in social commerce. With the purpose of finding out these differences, the following questions are set up as research questions. First, will there be a difference between Korea and China in the importance of attributes of social commerce? Second, will there be a difference between Korean and Chinese consumers in shopping value? Third, will there be a difference between Korean and Chinese consumers in their loyalty? Research design, data, and methodology - The researchers collected data through self-administered questionnaires from Korean and Chinese consumers who had used social commerce within the past six months before answering the questionnaire. First, for social commerce users in Korea, comprising male and female university students in Chungcheong, a questionnaire was circulated. For social commerce users in China, university students within Beijing were surveyed. Responses to 336 questionnaires were used, excluding those with no answers or unreliable answers. Data coding and data cleaning were used. SPSS 18.0 was used. First, exploratory factor analysis is done to verify the validity of testing tools, and Cronbach's α coefficient is used to verify credibility. For factor analysis, the Varimax method is used. To verify the internal consistency reliability of each factor, the Cronbach's α coefficient is used to verify the credibility. Second, a T-test is done to verify differences between Korean and Chinese consumers for the importance of attributes. Third, ANOVA (Analysis of variance) is done to verify differences between Korean and Chinese consumers in shopping value and loyalty. Results - When Korean and Chinese consumers use social commerce, first, the importance of the attributes of social commerce is affected by four factors; playfulness and economic factors are more important to Korean consumers than Chinese consumers. As for informativeness factors, including product information and quality, and buyer comments, there was no confirmed difference between Korean and Chinese consumers. The convenience factor is more important to Chinese consumers than Korean consumers. Second, the factors affecting shopping value for Korean and Chinese consumers were hedonic shopping value and rational shopping value. To see the difference between Korean and Chinese consumers in shopping value factors, a t-test is conducted. As a result, in the rational shopping value factors of social commerce, Korean consumers scored higher than did Chinese consumers. These results were verified to be meaningful through statistics. In the hedonic shopping value factor of social commerce, Korean consumers scored higher than Chinese consumers. These results showed a significant difference. Third, loyalty in social commerce is higher for Chinese consumers than for Korean consumers. However, there is no difference in loyalty depending on sex. Conclusions - These results will hopefully be valuable and used in the future by Korean companies that wish to enter the Chinese social commerce market.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.47-55
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• 2015

Purpose - The objective of this study is to verify whether there are differences between Korean and Chinese consumers in the importance of the attributes such as shopping value and loyalty in social commerce. With the purpose of finding out these differences, the following questions are set up as research questions. First, will there be a difference between Korea and China in the importance of attributes of social commerce? Second, will there be a difference between Korean and Chinese consumers in shopping value? Third, will there be a difference between Korean and Chinese consumers in their loyalty? Research design, data, and methodology - The researchers collected data through self-administered questionnaires from Korean and Chinese consumers who had used social commerce within the past six months before answering the questionnaire. First, for social commerce users in Korea, comprising male and female university students in Chungcheong, a questionnaire was circulated. For social commerce users in China, university students within Beijing were surveyed. Responses to 336 questionnaires were used, excluding those with no answers or unreliable answers. Data coding and data cleaning were used. SPSS 18.0 was used. First, exploratory factor analysis is done to verify the validity of testing tools, and Cronbach's α coefficient is used to verify credibility. For factor analysis, the Varimax method is used. To verify the internal consistency reliability of each factor, the Cronbach's α coefficient is used to verify the credibility. Second, a T-test is done to verify differences between Korean and Chinese consumers for the importance of attributes. Third, ANOVA (Analysis of variance) is done to verify differences between Korean and Chinese consumers in shopping value and loyalty. Results - When Korean and Chinese consumers use social commerce, first, the importance of the attributes of social commerce is affected by four factors; playfulness and economic factors are more important to Korean consumers than Chinese consumers. As for informativeness factors, including product information and quality, and buyer comments, there was no confirmed difference between Korean and Chinese consumers. The convenience factor is more important to Chinese consumers than Korean consumers. Second, the factors affecting shopping value for Korean and Chinese consumers were hedonic shopping value and rational shopping value. To see the difference between Korean and Chinese consumers in shopping value factors, a t-test is conducted. As a result, in the rational shopping value factors of social commerce, Korean consumers scored higher than did Chinese consumers. These results were verified to be meaningful through statistics. In the hedonic shopping value factor of social commerce, Korean consumers scored higher than Chinese consumers. These results showed a significant difference. Third, loyalty in social commerce is higher for Chinese consumers than for Korean consumers. However, there is no difference in loyalty depending on sex. Conclusion - These results will hopefully be valuable and used in the future by Korean companies that wish to enter the Chinese social commerce market.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제12권8호
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• pp.5-15
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• 2014

Purpose - The method of TV home shopping is a kind of retail method that provides the viewer with information about products and, further, sells the products to consumers through the media of television. The domestic home-shopping industry has been expanding since 1995, and there are six companies in this arena as of 2012. In this study, we evaluate the management efficiency of TV home-shopping companies and provide suggestions for improving efficiency, using the DEA (data envelopment analysis) model. Hence, we expect to contribute to the progress of the companies' efficiency and the development of the TV home-shopping industry, where deepening competition is inevitable because it is experiencing the maturing market stage in its life cycle. Research design, data, and methodology - Efficiency is the ratio of the quantity of input to the quantity of output of a product or service. It is necessary to estimate aggregate inputs and aggregate outputs, which are calculated by applying a weighting to a number of input and output factors, to measure the efficiency. The DEA model is divided into the CCR model and the BCC model. The CCR model is a basic model that assumed constant returns to scale (CRS), and the BCC model extends the CCR model to accommodate technologies exhibiting variable returns to scale (VRS), and concerns only the technical efficiency without considering the efficiency of returns to scale. In this study, we consider six companies each year from 2008 to 2012 as a DMU (Decision Making Unit) and analyze the differences in efficiency for each company in each year. Furthermore, we evaluate the operating characteristics of TV home-shopping companies, using three models, in accordance with the overall performance, profitability, and marketability of the business. Results - The result of the analysis, using DEA models, shows that Hyundai Home Shopping (2009, 2010, 2011), GS Home Shopping (2011), NS Home Shopping (2011) and CJ O Shopping (2012) possess MPSS (most productive scale size), with a score 1.0 in CCR, BCC, and scale efficiency. Particularly, Hyundai Home Shopping is shown to be the most efficient in terms of overall business performance, marketability, and profitability. The overall efficiency of the home shopping industry has displayed an increasing trend since 2008, even though it decreased marginally in 2012; further, we can observe that home shopping companies operate with increasing efficiency with the passage of time. Conclusions - Home shopping companies have focused on market expansion rather than profits, as they displayed better efficiency in marketability than increase in profitability during the period 2008-2012. In addition, the main reason for the increased efficiency in the home shopping industry is the market expansion through the revenue increase of each home shopping company. This study can be used as a reference when home shopping companies attempt to devise future strategies, as it suggests efficiency benchmarks and development levels for each home shopping company.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제12권8호
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• pp.71-82
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• 2014

Purpose - This study is to examine the effect of environmental orientation on innovation, environmental and market performance in Korean franchise firms' context. This study also investigates how environmental orientation, innovation and environmental performance play mediating roles between environmental orientation and market performance. For these purposes, the authors developed a structural model which consists of several constructs. In the model, environmental orientation was proposed to affect innovation and environmental performance, while innovation and environmental performance influence market performance. Specifically, innovation and environmental performance were proposed as core mediators between franchise firms' environmental orientation and market performance. Research design, data, and methodology - The data were collected from 155 franchise firms in Korea during January 2012. The results of factor analysis with reliability test with Cronbach's α warranted unidimensionality of the measures for each construct. In addition, nomological validity of the measures of each construct was warranted from the result of correlation analysis. The data were analyzed with reliability analysis, and structural equation modeling with SPSS Win/PC 18.0 and AMOS 18.0. Results - The results of the overall model analysis appeared as follow: χ²=52.388(df=21), p=.000. GFI=.932, AGFI=.854, NFI=.964, CFI=.978, RMSEA=.099, RMR=.059. Since the result of the overall model analysis demonstrated a good fit, we further analyzed our data. The findings can be summarized as follows: Firstly, the environmental orientation had a positive effect on innovation and environmental performance, but had not a direct effect on market performance. Secondly, innovation had a positive effect on environmental performance, but had not a direct effect on market performance. Thirdly, environmental performance had a positive effect on market performance. Conclusions - The results of this study show that, in order to achieve competitive advantages and environmental and market performance in turbulent market situation, franchise firms should emphasize internal and external environmental orientation, and put through improvements in perspective of technology, organization, and product. Consequently, this research suggests that environmental orientation is a motive for franchise companies' innovation, environmental performance, and market performance. It also suggests theoretical and managerial implications, limitations, and further research directions.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.25-36
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• 2011

Owing to the rapid growth of hypermarket/discount store formats since 1996, Korean retailing has suddenly attracted the significant attention from researchers. Before the emergence of large scale retailers such as E-Mart, Lotte Mart and Tesco Korea, there were the two retail formats who led the Korean retailing in the modern retailing history: department store and supermarket formats. Nevertheless, there has been little literature concerned about the two retail formats as a case study, while some authors have paid their attention to hypermarket/discount store formats. In addition, when mentioning the development process of retailing history, it is less likely that authors have made an effort to illustrate supermarket retailing history. In order to regard supermarket retailing as part of the Korean retailing, it is interesting to look at a representative supermarket retailer, Haitai, who was one of the subsidiaries of Haitai chaebol. Based on supermarket retailing, the company which was established as a joint venture in 1974 led a supermarket retailing in the Korean modernised retailing history. Before analysing whether Haitai failed or not, the definition of failure should be illustrated. With regard to the term, failure, in the academic world, authors have interchangeably used the following terms: failure, divestment, closure, organisational restructuring, and exit. To collect research data as a case study, the author adopted an in-depth interview method. The research is based on research interviews with 13 ex-staff who left after Haitai went bankruptcy, from store management department to merchandise department. By investigating Haitai's experiences through field interviews, the research found that Haitai restructured organisational decision-making process at the early stage when companies started to modernise organisational charts, benchmarking sophisticated retailing knowledge through the strategic alliance with a Japanese retailer. In respect of buying system, the company established firmly buying functions by adopting central buying system, and further, outstandingly allocated considerable marketing resources to the development of retailer brands with the dedicated team of retailer brand development. In the grocery retailing, abandoning a 'no-frill' packaging concept, the introduction of retailer brand packaging equal to, or better than national brand packaging design, encouraged other retailers to change their retailer brand development strategies. In product sourcing ways, Haitai organised for the first time the overseas sourcing team with the aim of improving the profit margins of foreign products and providing exotic products for customers, followed by other retailers. Regarding distribution system, the company introduced the innovative idea which delivered products ordered by stores directly to each store withboth its own vehicles and its own warehouse in which could deal with dry foods, chilly foods, frozen food, and non-foods, and even, process produce. In addition, Haitai developed many promotional methods to attract more customers like 'the guarantee of the lowest price', and expanded its own business to US in 1996, although withdrew, because of bankruptcy in 1997. Together with POS introduction in 1994, Haitai made a significant contribution to the development of the Korean retailing, influencing other retailers in many aspects. As a case study, the study has provided a number of lessons from Haitai's experiences for academicians and practitioners, suggesting that its history should be involved in the Korean modernised retailing.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제32권12호
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• pp.1923-1932
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• 2019

Objective: We investigated visual marbling level (VML) influence on pork loin physicochemical traits, consumer palatability responses, VML liking, purchase intent, and their relationships. Methods: For each of five slaughtering dates, at 24-h postmortem, nine paired Duroc castrated male boneless Longissimus dorsi (LD) muscles were categorized into low (LM, score 1 to 2, n = 3), medium (MM, score 3 to 4, n = 3), and high (HM, score 5 to 6, n = 3) VML. Meat physicochemical quality traits and consumer responses (n = 389) on palatability and VML liking, and purchase intent were evaluated. The experiment was in randomized complete block design. Analysis of variance, Duncan's multiple mean comparisons, and correlation coefficients were determined. Results: VML correspond to crude fat (r = 0.91, p<0.01), but both were reversely related to moisture content (r = -0.75 and -0.91, p<0.01, respectively). As VML increased, ash (p<0.05) and protein (p = 0.072) decreased, pH and $b^{\star}$ increased (p<0.05), but drip, cooking (p<0.05) and thawing (p = 0.088) losses decreased. Among treatments, muscle fiber diameter, sarcomere length, total and insoluble collagen contents, $L^{\star}$, and $a^{\star}$ did not differ (p>0.05). Compared to the others, HM had lower collagen solubility percentage (p<0.05), but similar (p>0.05) Warner-Bratzler shear force (WBSF). No differences (p>0.05) were found in juiciness, overall flavor, oiliness, and overall acceptability, but HM was more tender (p<0.05) than the others. Based on VML, consumers preferred MM to HM (p<0.05), while LM was similar to MM and HM (p>0.05). Corresponding to VML preference (r = 0.45, p<0.01), consumers (83%) would (p<0.01) definitely and probably buy MM, over LM (74%), and HM (68%), respectively. Conclusion: Increasing VML in pork LD altered its chemical composition, slightly increased pH, and improved water holding capacity, thereby improving its tenderness acceptability. Marbling might reduce chewing resistance, as lower collagen solubility in HM did not impact tenderness acceptability and WBSF. While HM was rated as most tender, consumers visually preferred and would purchase MM.

• 한국정보전자통신기술학회논문지
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• 제11권6호
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• pp.764-771
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• 2018

요즘 국내 외 농업 환경은 농업 인구의 고령화, 귀농 인구의 증가, 급격한 기후 변화, 농식품 유통 구조의 다양화, 수자원의 고갈 및 한정된 경작지 등 다양한 변화 속에 놓여 있다. 최근 농업을 둘러싼 다양한 환경 변화에 대응하기 위해 재배 전반의 작업이력인 작물 생육정보, 생육환경 및 농작업 일지 등과 같은 사항들을 쉽게 기록, 저장 및 관리하여 작물 생산량과 작업 효율을 높이기 위한 스마트 온실 실용화에 대한 관심이 증가하고 있다. 본 논문은 작물의 근권부에서 측정할 수 있는 생장환경 데이터인 온도, 습도, 일사량. CO2 농도 등과 같은 생육에 필요한 상황정보를 수집하고 수집된 데이터를 모니터링 할 수 있는 시스템을 제안한다. 생장 작물의 근권 측정부에서 측정된 데이터와 센서로 측정된 생장환경 데이터인 온도, 습도, 일사량 등의 데이터를 취합하여 400MHz의 무선 통신 게이트웨이에 전송하는 시스템을 개발하였다. 전송된 데이터를 Cloud 기반으로 근권 환경 데이터를 모니터링 및 데이터를 시각화 할 수 있는 통합 SW 개발을 진행하였다. 데이터의 시각화를 위한 그래프 형식과 데이터 형식으로 모니터링을 할 수 있도록 하였다. 기존 스마트팜은 농장내의 데이터만을 이용하여 작물 및 시설관리를 하고, 본 연구는 전국의 농장의 날씨 및 생장환경을 수집 및 분석하여 가장 효율적인 생장환경을 제시한다.