• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.527-538
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• 2016

The purpose of this study is to select the factors of 'Group scientific creativity' and to find out how 'Group scientific creativity' turns out in the creative problem-solving process of students. To select the factors that affect 'Group scientific creativity', this research extracted 27 influencing factors on the group creativity from the prior study and organized them according to opinions of education experts. To select factors that affect 'Group scientific creativity' in the creative problem-solving process of students, this research analyzed the group problem-solving process that has been done on 72 gifted students for two days. Main results of the study is as follows: First, nine elements such as scientific thinking, scientific knowledge, scientific information-processing capacity, motivation, challenge, age and gender, existence of diversity, creativity educational experience, and the group cohesiveness were selected as human factors. Four elements such as scientific communication skills, scientific inquiry process, autonomy, and leadership were selected as the combining factors. Also, three elements such as the learning environment, teacher types, and compensation were selected as the Environmental factors. Second, it was possible to find that the group scientific creativity influence factors affecting the creative process by analyzing the gifted students in creative-problem solving process. Based on these results, this study described additional points on the factors improving 'Group scientific-creativity.'

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.50 no.1
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• pp.35-40
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• 2012

In this study, 1-(2-methoxyethyl)-3-methylimidazolium methanesulfonate ionic liquid has been synthesized, characterized and tested with respect to carbon dioxide absorption with the aim to use it as advanced absorbent materials in fossil fuel processing. The ionic liquid was synthesized by a one step method, low cost. The thermal and chemical stability of selected ionic liquid has been investigated by DSC, TGA and the structure was verified by $^1H$-NMR spectroscopy. The solubility of carbon dioxide in the methanesulfonate-based ionic liquids were measured using a high-pressure equilibrium apparatus equipped with a variable-volume view cell at 30, 50 and $70^{\circ}C$ and pressure up to 195 bar. The results show that carbon dioxide solubilities of 1-(2-methoxyethyl)-3-methylimidazolium methanesulfonate increased with pressure increasing and temperature decreasing, and the carbon dioxide absorption capacity showed 27.6 $CO_2/IL$(g/kg) at $30^{\circ}C$, 13 bar.

• Lingua Humanitatis
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.235-251
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• 2001

According to Chomskyan grammar, humans can generate and understand an unbounded number of grammatical sentences. Against the background of pure and idealized linguistic competence, this linguistic productivity is argued and understood. In actual utterances, however, there are many limitations of productivity but they are said to come from the general constraints on performances such as capacity of short term memory or attention. In this paper I discuss a problem raised against idealized productivity. I argue that linguistic productivity idealizes our linguistic competence too much. By separating idealized competence from the various constraints of performance, Chomskyan theorists can argue for unlimited productivity. However, the absolute distinction between grammar (pure competence) and parser (actual psychological processes) makes little sense when we explain the low acceptability(intelligibility) of center embedded sentences. Usually, the problem of center embedded sentence is explained in terms of memory shortage or other performance constraints. To explain the low acceptability, however, we need to assume specialized memory structure because the low acceptability occurs only with a specific type of syntactic pattern. 1 argue that this special memory structure should not be considered as a general performance constraint. It is a domain specific (specifically linguistic) constraints and an intrinsic part of human language processing. Recent development of Chomskyan grammar, i.e., minimalist approach seems to close the gap between pure competence and this type of specialized constraints. Chomsky's earlier approach of generative grammar focuses on end result of the generative derivation. However, economy principle (of minimalist approach) focuses on actual derivational processes. By having less mathematical or less idealized grammar, we can come closer to the actual computational processes that build syntactic structure of a sentence. In this way, we can have a more concrete picture of our linguistic competence, competence that is not detached from actual computational processes.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartD
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• v.10D no.6
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• pp.935-948
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• 2003

An online scaling method adds new nodes to the shared-nothing database cluster and makes tables be reorganized while the system is running. The objective is to share the workload with many nodes and increase the capacity of cluster systems. The existing online scaling method, however, has two problems. One is the degradation of response time and transactions throughput due to the additional overheads of data transfer and replica's condidtency. The other is and inefficient recovery mechanism in which the overall scaling transaction is aborted by a fault. These problems deteriorate the availability of shared-nothing database cluster. To avoid the additional overheads throughout the scaling period, our scalingmethod consists of twophases : a parallel data transfer phase and a combination phase. The parallel data transferred datausing reduces the size of data transfer by dividing the data into the number of replicas. The combination phase combines the transferred datausing resources of spare nodes. Also, our method reduces the possibility of failure throughout the scaling period and improves the availability of the database cluster.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.465-472
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• 2017

In this study, tuna sawdust was added to extruded meat analog in order to develop a meat analog with high quality. Addition of tuna sawdust has merit for utilizing a byproduct from poultry processing. Physicochemical characteristics were examined through the extrusion cooking process. The basic mixture of sample mixed with 65% deffated soy flour 25% isolated soy protein, and 10% corn starch was setup as the raw material. Three kinds of samples were made in total by addition of 15% and 30% tuna sawdust to this mixture. The extrusion process had a screw speed of 250 rpm, die temperature of $140^{\circ}C$, and moisture content of 50%. As addition of tuna sawdust increased, breaking strength and density decreased, specific length increased, and integrity and water holding capacity decreased. Likewise, nitrogen solubility index and protein digestibility decreased as addition of tuna sawdust increased. DPPH radical scavenging activity increased as addition of tuna sawdust addition, whereas it decreased as storage period increased to 30 or 60 days. The value of rancidity decreased as addition of tuna sawdust increased. However, 60 days later, radical scavenging activity increased more or less, and a significant difference was detected 150 days later. In conclusion, addition of tuna sawdust increased soft texture, and nutrition of the basic mixture sample. The process promoting functionality such as improvement of antioxidant function was confirmed through this study.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartD
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• v.18D no.5
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• pp.371-384
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• 2011

This paper considers logistics decision support system which deals with transportation mode selection considering transportation and carbon emission cost. Transportation and carbon emission costs vary with the choice of transportation modes and to become competitive companies need to find proper transportation modes for their logistics services. However, due to the restricted capacity of transportation modes, it is difficult to balance transportation and carbon emission costs when designing logistics network including transportation mode choice for each service. Therefore this paper aims to analyze the trade-off relationship between transportation and carbon emission cost in mode selection of intermodal transportation and to provide optimal green logistics strategy. In this paper, the logistics decision support system is designed based on mixed integer programming model. To understand the trade-off relationship of transportation and carbon emission cost, the system is tested with various scenarios including transportation of containers between Seoul and Busan. The analysis results show that, even though sea transportation combined with trucking is competitive in carbon emission per unit distance travelled, the total cost of carbon emission and transportation for the sea transportation may not have competitive advantage over other transportation modes including rail and truck transportation modes. The sea-based intermodal logistics service may induce detours which have negative impacts on the overall carbon emission. The proposed logistics decision support system is expected to play key role in green logistics and supply chain management.

• KIPS Transactions on Computer and Communication Systems
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• v.3 no.9
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• pp.279-292
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• 2014

Energy aware server cluster aims to reduce power consumption at maximum while keeping QoS(quality of service) as much as energy non-aware server cluster. In the existing methods of energy aware server cluster, they calculate the minimum number of active servers needed to handle current user requests and control server power mode in a fixed time interval to make only the needed servers ON. When loads change rapidly, QoS of the existing methods become degraded because they cannot increase the number of active servers so quickly. To solve this QoS problem, we classify load change situations into five types of rapid growth, growth, normal, decline, and rapid decline, and apply five different thresholds respectively in calculating the number of active servers. Also, we use a flexible scheme to adjust the above classification criterion for multi threshold, considering not only load change but also the remaining capacity of servers to handle user requests. We performed experiments with a cluster of 15 servers. A special benchmarking tool called SPECweb was used to generate load patterns with rapid change. Experimental results showed that QoS of the proposed method is improved up to the level of energy non-aware server cluster and power consumption is reduced up to about 50 percent, depending on the load pattern.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.295-307
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• 2006

Styela clava, called non-native tunicate or sea squirt, is habitat which include bays and harbors in Korea and several sites in the sea faced world. We fabricate cellulose membrane nerve conduit (CMNC) from this native sea squirt skin, and evaluate the capacity of promoting peripheral nerve regeneration in the rat sciatic nerve defect model. After processing the pure cellulose membrane from the sea squirt skin as we already published before, CMNC was designed as a non-tubular sheet with 14 mm length and 4 mm width. Total eleven male Spraque-Dawley rats (12 weeks, weighing 250 to 300g) were divided into sham group (n=2), silicone tube grafted control group (n=3) and experimental group (n=6). Each CMNC grafted nerve was evaluated after 4, 8 and 12 weeks in the experimental group, and after 12 weeks, sciatic function was evaluated with sciatic function index (SFI) and gait analysis, and histomorphology of nerve conduit and the innervated tissues of sciatic nerve were all examined using image analyzer and electromicroscopic methods in the all groups. The regenerated axon and nerve sheath were found only in the inner surface of the CMNC after 4 weeks and became more thicker after 8 and 12 weeks. In the TEM study, CMNC grafted group showed more abundant organized myelinated nerve fibers with thickened extracellular matrix than silicone conduit grafted group after 12 weeks. The sciatic function index (SFI) and ankle stance angle (ASA) in the functional evaluation were $-47.2{\pm}3.9$, $35.5^{\circ}{\pm}4.9^{\circ}$ in CMNC grafted group (n=2) and $-80.4{\pm}7.4$, $29.2^{\circ}{\pm}5.3^{\circ}$ in silicone conduit grafted group (n=3), respectively. And the myelinated axon was 41.59% in CMNC group and 9.51% in silicone conduit group to the sham group. The development of a bioactive CMNC to replace autogenous nerve grafts offers a potential and available approach to improved peripheral nerve regeneration. As we already published before, small peptide fragment derived from the basement membrane matrix proteins of squirt skin, which is a kind of anchoring protein composed of glycocalyx, induced the effective axonal regeneration with rapid growth of Schwann cells beneath the inner surface of CMNC. So the possibilities of clinical application as a peripheral nerve regeneration will be able to be suggested.

• Clean Technology
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.133-144
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• 2003

In this study, Insoluble catalyst electrode for oxide systems were manufactured, by using of them, carried out experiments on electrolytic treatment of dyeing wastewater containing persistent organic compounds, and then made a comparative study of the efficiency of treatment for environmental pollutants and whether each of them is valuable of not as an electrode for soluble electrode(Fe, Al) and insoluble electrode(SUS, R.C.E; Replaced Catalyst Electrode) which were used in the electrolytic system. Besides, it was investigated the conditions for electrolytic treatment to find the maximum efficiency of electrolytic treatment. As the result of this study, by using of insoluble catalyst electrode for oxide can solved the stability of electrode that is one of the greatest problems in order to put to practical use of electrolysis process in the treatment of the sewage and wastewater and the result runs as follows; 1. The durability of insoluble catalyst electrode(R.C.E) can be verified the most favorable when the molar ratio of $RuO_2-SnO_2-IrO_2-TiO_2$(4 compounds system) is 70/20/5/5. 2. The efficiency of treatment was obtained a more than 90% goodness for CODMn and also a good results for T-N removal in the experimental conditions of the distance of electrode 5 mm, time of electrolysis 60 minutes, permissible voltage 10V, processing capacity $0.5{\ell}$.

• Polymer(Korea)
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.525-530
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• 2012

In this study, silane-crosslinked organic/inorganic composite membranes were prepared by simultaneous irradiation grafting of binary monomer mixtures (styrene and 3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl methacrylate (TMSPM)) with various compositions onto a poly(ethylene-alt-tetraethylene) (ETFE) film and followed by sol-gel processing and sulfonation to provide a silane-crosslinked structure and a proton conducting ability, respectively. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA) were utilized to confirm the crosslinking of ETFE-g-PS/PTMSPM films. The prepared membranes with similar ion exchange capacity but a different TMSPM content were selected and their membrane properties were compared. The ETFE-g-PSSA/PTMSPM membranes were characterized by water uptake, dimensional stability, and proton conductivity after sulfonation. The membrane electrode assemblies (MEA) of the prepared membranes were fabricated and their single cell performances were measured.