• Journal of Korean Philosophical Society
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• v.123
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• pp.309-346
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• 2012

The trust toward the researchers and their study activities in society has faltered, in the wake of the paper fabrication event of researcher, Hwang Woo-Suk's doctor research team. After the event, researcher community and scientific community have experienced many changes through the self-reflection or the process of insight meditation. Until now, we have experienced that when researcher community leads the way to try to show their efforts to eliminate the raised doubts throughly, the public support toward researcher community and the trust in its study activity have not faltered. Nevertheless, the path for the researchers to go is still far and rough because the opposite cases coping with research misconducts passively are much more. Therefore It's urgent that misconducts in the research and learning should be avoided from unnecessary overinterpretation. To practice it, above all it's important how well researcher or learner should be equipped with a system where decision is made autonomously and reasonably, regardless of the interests from all fields including politic, economic and social etc. It's also required that their systems should be meticulous enough to prevent such irrationality in advance before the misconduct instances are depreciated. In this context, I will investigate the reason why research and development on norms in research ethics and learning ethics is meaningful, not in a posteriori but a priori dimension, as the way to have researcher and learner prepare autonomous self-purification systems. It's essential that for the progress of an obvious argument, first, what research ethics and learning ethics are should be established and defined distinctly(2). Then in the process, it is also examined why research ethics and learning ethics need norms(3). Subsequently I will conclude the paper, arguing the reason why research ethics and learning ethics should be justified(4), if the norms in research ethics and learning ethics can be formulated(5).

• Archives of design research
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.181-198
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• 2003

The purpose of this study is to develop a on-line design tool for effectively coping with e-Business environment, or product design process into a Cyber model for traditional manufacturers which attempts new product development under such environment. It was finally developed as a model named $\ulcorner$Design Vortal Site; e-BVDS) that was based on the structure and style of internet web site. Results of the study can be described as follows ; \circled1 e-Business is based on the Internet. All processes in the context of e-Business require models whose structure and method of use are on-line styles. \circled2 In case that a traditional manufacturing business is converted into e-Business, it is better to first consider Hybrid Model that combines resources and advantages of both such traditional and digital businesses. \circled3 The product design process appropriate for e-Business environment has to have a structure and style that ensure utilization of the process as an Internet web site, active participation by product developers and interactive communication between participants in designing and designers. \circled4 $\ulcorner$e-BDVS) makes possible the use of designers around the wend like in-house designers, overcoming lack in creativity, ideas and human resources traditional business organizations face. However, the operation of $\ulcorner$e-BDVS$\lrcorner$ requires time and budget investments in securing related elements and conditions. \circled5 Cyber designers under $\ulcorner$e-BDVS$\lrcorner$ can easily perform all design projects in cyber space. But they have some limits in playing a role as designers and they have difficulty in getting rewards if such projects completed by them are not finally accepted. \circled6 $\ulcorner$e-BDVS) ensures the rapid use of a wide range of design information and data, reception of a variety of solutions and ideas and effective design development, all of which are not possible through traditional processes. However, this process may not be suitable to be used routine process or tool. \circled7 $\ulcorner$e-BDVS$\lrcorner$ makes it possible for out-sourcing or partners businesses to overcome restrictions in time and space and improve productivity and effectiveness. But such they may have to continue off-line works that can not be treated on-line.

• Journal of Korean Society of Archives and Records Management
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.125-143
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• 2018

This study is a record of the process of jointly designing the records classification scheme and the retention schedule for archival appraisal, which are vital in records management. A total of 8 institutes participated voluntarily and redesigned the retention schedule, which consists of 16 common functions, 66 tasks, and 381 files for about 4 months. The process consists of reviewing the regulations related to the records management of the participating organizations, determining the hierarchy and scope of the retention schedule, deriving 16 common functions as well as the unit task for each function, and constructing the file of each task. In situations wherein it is difficult to expect the government-led policy and strategy specific to the research institute and the research records management, the retention schedule designed jointly by the records managers of the scientific and technological field serves as a useful records management tool. This collaborative effort between records managers of similar agency records will also be significant in jointly coping with the new policy and innovation plans in the future.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.11 no.12
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• pp.4935-4944
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to investigate the perceived difficulties during both pre-treatment period and admission period for radioactive iodine therapy (RAIT), the level of information about RAIT provided by medical staffs and the satisfaction of RAIT process in thyroid cancer patients receiving RAIT. Participants were 165 thyroid cancer patients, who had total thyroidectomy and had been offered RAIT. The data were collected using structured questionnaire and open-ended questions and analyzed by descriptive statistics and content analysis. The most frequent perceived difficulties of RAIT was associated with thyroid specific symptoms during both pre-RAIT period and RAIT admission period(38.2% vs 43.0%). The rating of RAIT information provided by medical staffs was evaluated as over moderate level(mean $3.63{\pm}0.80$). The RAIT process satisfaction was investigated as moderate level(mean $6.43{\pm}2.21$). the satisfaction of RAIT was the highest in medical attention and coping procedure (mean $7.64{\pm}2.37$) however it was the lowest in adequacy of RAIT information(mean $5.67{\pm}2.78$). Thus the nursing intervention program for thyroid cancer patient undergoing RAIT should be developed to support needs of thyroid cancer patients related to thyroid specific symptoms and to improve patients' understanding about RAIT procedure so that patients have competence to participate in therapeutic activities efficiently.

• Journal of Music and Human Behavior
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.25-50
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• 2020

This case study explored changes in resilience of North Korean defector adolescents who underwent supportive music psychotherapy that included song discussion and song writing. Participants were three adolescents who escaped from North Korea. Sixty-minute sessions were conducted twice a week over four weeks for a total of seven sessions. The sessions were constructed to enhance hardiness and goal-directedness and used the process of discussing song lyrics, writing original lyrics, and composing music to help the participants strengthen their inner resources and identify healthier and more adaptive strategies for living in South Korea. The resilience scale measured at pre- and post-intervention showed that all participants increased their total scores and subscores related to hardiness and goal-directedness. Also, observation and analysis of their behavior, verbal responses, and lyric writing during the sessions revealed that the participants engaged more in the song-based music therapy process as the sessions went on and also expressed more positive perceptions of their ability to manage challenges and stress. These results indicate that active engagement in decision-making related to creating lyrics and composing music helped the North Korean defector adolescents to perceive themselves as capable of coping with stressful situations and independently solving problems, which are important for enhancing resilience.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.1-25
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• 2020

In this paper, we suggest an application system architecture which provides accurate, fast and efficient automatic gasometer reading function. The system captures gasometer image using mobile device camera, transmits the image to a cloud server on top of private LTE network, and analyzes the image to extract character information of device ID and gas usage amount by selective optical character recognition based on deep learning technology. In general, there are many types of character in an image and optical character recognition technology extracts all character information in an image. But some applications need to ignore non-of-interest types of character and only have to focus on some specific types of characters. For an example of the application, automatic gasometer reading system only need to extract device ID and gas usage amount character information from gasometer images to send bill to users. Non-of-interest character strings, such as device type, manufacturer, manufacturing date, specification and etc., are not valuable information to the application. Thus, the application have to analyze point of interest region and specific types of characters to extract valuable information only. We adopted CNN (Convolutional Neural Network) based object detection and CRNN (Convolutional Recurrent Neural Network) technology for selective optical character recognition which only analyze point of interest region for selective character information extraction. We build up 3 neural networks for the application system. The first is a convolutional neural network which detects point of interest region of gas usage amount and device ID information character strings, the second is another convolutional neural network which transforms spatial information of point of interest region to spatial sequential feature vectors, and the third is bi-directional long short term memory network which converts spatial sequential information to character strings using time-series analysis mapping from feature vectors to character strings. In this research, point of interest character strings are device ID and gas usage amount. Device ID consists of 12 arabic character strings and gas usage amount consists of 4 ~ 5 arabic character strings. All system components are implemented in Amazon Web Service Cloud with Intel Zeon E5-2686 v4 CPU and NVidia TESLA V100 GPU. The system architecture adopts master-lave processing structure for efficient and fast parallel processing coping with about 700,000 requests per day. Mobile device captures gasometer image and transmits to master process in AWS cloud. Master process runs on Intel Zeon CPU and pushes reading request from mobile device to an input queue with FIFO (First In First Out) structure. Slave process consists of 3 types of deep neural networks which conduct character recognition process and runs on NVidia GPU module. Slave process is always polling the input queue to get recognition request. If there are some requests from master process in the input queue, slave process converts the image in the input queue to device ID character string, gas usage amount character string and position information of the strings, returns the information to output queue, and switch to idle mode to poll the input queue. Master process gets final information form the output queue and delivers the information to the mobile device. We used total 27,120 gasometer images for training, validation and testing of 3 types of deep neural network. 22,985 images were used for training and validation, 4,135 images were used for testing. We randomly splitted 22,985 images with 8:2 ratio for training and validation respectively for each training epoch. 4,135 test image were categorized into 5 types (Normal, noise, reflex, scale and slant). Normal data is clean image data, noise means image with noise signal, relfex means image with light reflection in gasometer region, scale means images with small object size due to long-distance capturing and slant means images which is not horizontally flat. Final character string recognition accuracies for device ID and gas usage amount of normal data are 0.960 and 0.864 respectively.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.46-55
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• 2017

Many people in Korea suffer from a fear of dental treatments; however, only a few studies have focused on this population. This study assessed the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and its interventions in reducing dental anxiety, especially when administered by trained dental staff. Using case studies, the authors analyzed the content of each session and examined the process of reducing dental anxiety. First, the authors observed that the results of both dental fear scale and subjective unit of disturbance decreased significantly with changes in cognitive distortions related to dental anxiety and that rapid improvements were noted after two therapy sessions. Second, the study reported that practicing relaxation (deep-breathing) and muscle relaxation techniques; using hand signals to indicate anxiety or discomfort; establishing an empathic relationship with the therapist; making an anxiety list; and graded insensitive and exposure along with rehearsal, were effective in coping with dental anxiety and in changing negative thoughts towards the dentist. Third, a simple cognitive behavioral intervention can be effective in reducing dental anxiety. In summary, a short-term, five-session psychological intervention with CBT produced a sustained decrease in the symptoms of dental anxiety, allowing the patients to receive the required procedures. The authors discussed the study limitations and the implication of their results on future research.

• Journal of Agricultural Extension & Community Development
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.1-39
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• 2013

The Cooperatives Act was enacted. This enabled people to establish easily cooperatives at various fields. A cooperative is an important vehicle for rural community development. Therefore, the enactment of the Cooperatives Act can be a significant chance for rural policy. The Cooperatives Act have made three significant changes. First, cooperatives can start businesses at all the fields except for financial and insurance business. Second, requisites for people to establish cooperatives have been alleviated exceptionaly. Third, the Cooperatives Act introduced a new cooperative organization, social cooperative which aims to serve the socially excluded class. The self-help approach places rural community members at the core of a development process with two goals: to improve the quality of life within the community and to facilitate the community's capacity building. Community cooperatives contribute to accomplish those goals. One of the roles for cooperatives is to provide products and services at competitive prices. Providing a good or service at a competitive price bcomes increasingly important in some rural communities declines. Cooperative development processes have bic impacts on the ablility of community members to increase human asset and social capital. We conducted a survey targeting rural community businesses to grasp inclinations toward establishing cooperatives. The Cooperatives Act has gained low level of recognition. But so many community businesses wanted to establish cooperatives. This means there is a possibility for many community businesses to establish cooperatives without sufficient understanding. We suggested some policy issues for coping with this situation, as followings. First, the governments should provides rural community residents with opportunities to learn about cooperatives. Second, the current legal systems and regulations about business and social service should be reviewed to do away with the possible discrimination between the new cooperatives and the other forms of incoporation. Third, the cooperation of cooperatives should be encouraged and facilitated in rural communities.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.237-251
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• 1999

The purpose of this study is to suggest successful strategies through which the effect of the information system of a hospital can be forecasted at the nursing department. In order to set up successful strategies, in the first place, both the methods of CSF(Critical Success Factor: Rockart, 1979) and ULD(User-Led Development) method and the method suggested by the Korea Productivity Center were applied. In order to measure the improvement of nursing productivity, the Dissonance theory was used. The data were collected from 100 employees serving at the clinic department of Kwangju Patriots' and Veterans' Hospital from July 4 to July 25, 1998 with reference to all 222 cases, for sampling work; then the part of the efficiency of the treatment or management of hospital business - simplification of the process of the treatment of hospital business and reduction of the time of the treatment of hospital business were measured; and in order to forecast organizational behavior, 100 cases of organization behavior were analysed, based on the well structured, questionnaires. In order to forecast the user's organizational behavior, a tool(Ronald. 1988; Stephen, 1982: Senn, 1992: Olsen, 1980: Anderson, 1988: Kim. 1992: Cho. 1994) to measure the extent or degree of the user's recognition or understanding whose reliability coefficient is 0.63 was used: and regarding the items expected by the users concerning the convenience of the system, a tool created by Bernadett, Szajna and Richard W. Scamell(1993) whose reliability coefficient is 0.88 was used. And finally, those data were analysed, utilizing the statistical package of SPSS/PC 6.0. successful strategies are suggested as follows: 1. In order that the Kwangju Patriots' and Veterans' Hospital's purpose can be successful through its strategic, information system, the quality of its services should be elevated. and for elevating the quality of medical services, elevation of the quality of medical expertism or specialty is an important factor in determining such quality. 2. In order to make the hospital information system to be successful, the hospital's top manager should participate in the effort making it successful with helping hands of the members or personnel of the hospital. 3. In order to make users participate in the hospital information system, it is prerequisite that all nurses in a hospital should voluntarily participate in the system 4. In order to reduce the expense, the time in coping with business per duty should be reduced by 10${\sim}$33.23%. The time of the direct nursing care which added value is relatively high should be elongated in order to elevate the quality of hospital services. 5. Since the introduction and spread of the hospital information system are influenced by the duration in the experience of computer use, the user of the hospital information system should have a plan to receive well-planned computer education. Finally it is suggested that the forecast of long-term productivity through a review of the user's expectation of the system should be inspected and tested through continuous studies of its effectiveness.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.19 no.2 s.20
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• pp.203-212
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• 1986

Hypertension is one of the most well known risk factors for cerebrovascular or coronary heart disease and is a major public health problem. Early detection and treatment of hypertension are essential, but the compliance of treatment on hypertension is not easy to achive. Hypertensive workers are being detected by the annual screening under the Labour Standard Law in Korea but the solidified control system for them is not existing. This study about workers 'Motive-Belief-Action in non-drug and drug treatment of their hypertension would be worthwhile to interpret how the workers actually behave in coping with hypertension, and also would be advisable to construct the follow-up program in Korea. In the field research process two criteria were used to select sample group. The first criterion included the workers who were screened to be hypertensive with their blood pressure above 160/95 in this survey. The second one was used to classify study-group respondents who had known their hypertension by successive annual screening. From such criteria a total of 156 male workers were sampled in 21 industries, the author interviewed them using the structured questionnaire which consisted of Belief-Motive-Action items about non-drug and drug treatment for hypertension with open-ended question on symptom of hypertension. The summary is as follows: 1) Sixty-one percent of respondents had ever checked their blood pressure somewhere besides the annual screening. 2) Most respondents(97.2%) complained no symptoms of hypertension at all. 3) Belief level of non-drug treatment was relatively high (82.1%-64.7%), but motive(55.1%-28.2%) and action(38.5%-16.7%) levels were low. 4) Belief level of drug treatment was relatively lower than that of non-drug treatment, blue collar workers showed higher artier level of drug treatment than white collar workers, and correlation coefficient between belief and motive on drug treatment was lower in group of not-recognizing their family history of hypertension than recognized group. Such findings indicated that belief on drug treatment of hypertensive workers would be problematic. 5) White collar workers showed significant lower correlation coefficients between Motive and Action of salt restriction, restriction of fatty diet and relaxation than blue collar workers. 6) Mild hypertension group showed low levels of Motive and Action of non-drug treatment(salt restriction, restriction of fatty diet and relaxation) and also showed low correlation coefficient between Belief and Motive of above non-drug treatment.