• 의료법학
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.271-310
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• 2006

In the situation of bringing out of social problem about the medical accident and medical dispute, from 1988 the enactment activity for a legislative bill on conciliation of dispute has promoted, a legislative bill on prevention and relief of medical accident was again proposed in December, 2005. This bill has been faced rough going in review process of National Assembly. Because the purpose of this legislative bill is the conciliation of interest of between medical service consumer and medical service supplier, an item of issues of law is no-fault compensation scheme. However, as no-fault compensation scheme runs counter to the principle liability with fault in our civil law, as expected, whether the inducement is valid or, if induced, the problem is not must be totally reviewed. First of all, the general of principle liability without fault and especially the medical system in foreign countries are reviewed, by reviewing an issue and the pros and cons of the inducement of no-fault compensation scheme, this article draws the conclusion. After all, considering that the necessity adapting Gefahrdungschftung in medical accident as much as other industrial fields exists, the many provisions of the principle liability without fault exists in civil law and special law of our law system, and no-fault compensation scheme let legislative purpose be, to what extent, achieved by conciliating patient and doctor, the inducement of principle liability without fault in medical field is reasonable in the aspect of politic and legal system.

• 한국광학회지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.241-248
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• 2009

액정 디스플레이에서 시야각 향상을 위해 사용하는 보상판과 편광판을 접합한 복합판의 광축 틀어짐 오차와 보상판의 $R_{in}$(in-plane retardation), $R_{th}$(out-of-plane retardation)를 동시에 결정하는 새로운 방법을 제시하였다. 보상판은 광축이 임의의 기울임각과 방위각을 갖는 o-판으로 하였으며, 확장된 존스 행렬법에 기반한 광학모델을 도입하여 복합판의 편광특성을 분석하였다. 입사각 0도와 50도에서 시료의 방위각을 360도 회전시키며 투과된 빛의 편광상태를 각각 계산한 후, 타원법의 모델링 분석기법을 적용하여 광축 틀어짐과 복합판의 기울임각과 방위각들을 역방계산하였다. 이 방법은 편광판과 보상판을 접합한 후에도 복합판의 성능평가를 할 수 있어 제조공정단계를 줄여 제조 원가를 절감하는데 기여할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.91-96
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• 2014

Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is an important cause of occupational mortality in miners exposed to coal mine dust. Although the inflammatory mediators involved in COPD have not been defined, many studies have shown that inflammatory mediators such as reactive oxygen and nitrogen species are involved in orchestrating the complex inflammatory process in COPD. Methods: To investigate the relevance of exhaled biomarkers of oxidative and nitrosative stress in participants with COPD, we determined the levels of hydrogen peroxide, malondialdehyde (MDA), and 3-nitrotyrosine (3-NT) in exhaled breath condensate (EBC) in 90 retired elderly coal miners (53 non-COPD and 37 COPD participants). Results: Mean levels of MDA (4.64 nMvs. 6.46 nM, p = 0.005) and 3-NT (3.51 nMvs. 5.50 nM, p = 0.039) in EBC were significantly higher in participants with COPD. The median level of MDA did show statistical difference among the COPD severities (p = 0.017), and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve forMDA (0.67) for the diagnostic discrimination of COPD indicated the biomarker. The optimal cutoff values were 5.34 nM (64.9% sensitivity and 64.2% specificity) and 5.58 nM (62.2% sensitivity and 62.3% specificity) forMDA and 3-NT, respectively. The results suggest that high levels ofMDA and 3-NT in EBC are associated with COPD in retired elderly miners. Conclusion: These results showed that the elevated levels of EBC MDA and EBC 3-NT in individuals with COPD are biomarkers of oxidative or nitrosative stress.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.1008-1020
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• 2018

In this paper, the dynamic compliance and its compensation control of the force control system on the highly integrated valve-controlled cylinder (HIVC), the joint driver of the hydraulic drive legged robot, is researched. During the robot motion process, the outer loop dynamic compliance control is applied on the base of hydraulic control inner loop and most inner loop control are the force or torque closed loop control. While the dynamic compliance control effectiveness of outer loop can be affected by the inner loop self-dynamic-compliance. Based on this problem, the dynamic compliance series composition theory of HIVC force control system as well as the analysis of its self-dynamic-compliance is proposed. And then the paper comes up with the compliance-enhanced control, which is a compound compensation control method of dynamic compliance with multiple series branches. Finally, the experiment results indicate that the control method mentioned above can enhance the dynamic compliance of HIVC force control system observably. This provides the compensation control method of inner loop dynamic compliance for the outer loop compliance control requiring the high accuracy and high robustness for the robot.

• Journal of Power Electronics
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.190-200
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• 2019

The flyback converter, which can be regarded as a nonlinear time-varying system, has complex dynamics and nonlinear behaviors. These phenomena can affect the stability of the converter. To simplify the modeling process and retain the information of the output capacitor branch, a special sampled-data model of a peak current-mode (PCM) controlled flyback converter is established in this paper. Based on this, its dynamic behaviors are analyzed, which provides guidance for designing the circuit parameters of the converter. With the critical stability boundary equation derived by a Jacobian matrix, the stable operation range with a varied output capacitor, proportional coefficient of error the amplifier, input voltage, reference voltage and slope of the compensation ramp of a PCM controlled flyback converter are investigated in detail. Research results show that the duty ratio should be less than 0.5 for a PCM controlled flyback converter without ramp compensation to operate in a stable state. The stability regions in the parameter space between the output capacitor and the proportional coefficient of the error amplifier are enlarged by increasing the input voltage or by decreasing the reference voltage. Furthermore, the ramp compensation also can extend to the stable region. Finally, time-domain simulations and experimental results are presented to verify the theoretical analysis results.

• 한국중재학회지:중재연구
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.89-114
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• 2011

Environmental disputes not only possess the special characteristics of collectivity and plural value relativity but it also possesses the unique features of difficulty to prove cause and effect as well as the structural maldistribution of evidence and information. Therefore, the positive resolution of an environmental dispute can be brought about more easily with the Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) which can take the form of talks, compromises, as well as arbitration or mediation rather than through a trial process. Such being the case, this paper first looks into the problems and effectiveness of the arbitration system of environmental lawsuits and then takes an even closer look at Korea's environmental dispute arbitration system and finally offer some reform methods. In Korea, the environmental dispute arbitration system was implemented in 1991 and has been executed since then. Although this system does have positive features such as the high rate of coming to an agreement between the involved parties but unfortunately, most of the cases rely on decisions based on right and wrong which cannot but be far away from the intentions of the ADR system. It is heavily centered around claims regarding psychological compensation regarding noise and vibrations and the ratio of the actual amount of compensation is comparatively lower than the requested amount. In addition, with the limits in organization and manpower, it leads to a lack of professionalism as well as the problem of low usage with the low awareness rate. As reform measures against the aforementioned problems, this paper suggests the following. First, in order to activate the arbitration process more fully, it proposes aggressive usage of compulsory arbitration as well as submission to arbitration, while at the same time raising ADR professionals to fill in the missing gaps. Secondly, in order to overcome the problem of concentration of related cases, making representative lawsuits of environmental organizations would be a good idea. It also states that in order to make the compensation amount more realistic, it should go out of the across-the-board decision making process and reach a decision about the compensation amount that takes the individual situation's dispute into consideration. In order to boost the professionalism of the environmental dispute arbitration, it is necessary to reform the organization and manpower such as expanding the number of members of full standing, and increasing the professionalism of the examiners. Also, to increase the usage rate of the ADR system, the paper suggests stationing a civilian consultant regarding environment, or activating the compulsory arbitration which is the premise for public participation on the part of the residents.

• 벤처창업연구
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• 제15권5호
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• pp.277-294
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• 2020

본 연구는 농업경영체 종사자를 대상으로 SNS 활용을 조절변수로 하여 내부마케팅요인이 기업성과에 미치는 영향에 관하여 분석하였다. 내부마케팅요인을 교육훈련, 커뮤니케이션으로 및 보상시스템으로 구분하고 기업성과를 재무적성과와 비재무적성과의 하위변수로 설정하였다. 농업경영체 종사자들로부터 수집한 설문지 349부를 실증분석에 사용하였다. SPSS v22.0과 Process macro v3.4를 사용한 분석결과는 첫째, 커뮤니케이션과 보상시스템은 재무적성과에 유의한 영향을 미치고 교육훈련은 재무적성과에 유의한 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 커뮤니케이션은 비재무적성과에 유의한 영향을 미치며 교육훈련은 비재무적성과에 부(-)의 유의한 영향을 미치고 보상시스템은 비재무적성과에 유의한 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, SNS 활용은 내부마케팅요인과 재무적성과 간의 관계를 유의하게 조절하는 것으로 나타났다. 넷째, SNS 활용은 내부마케팅요인과 비재무적성과 간의 관계를 유의하게 조절하는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구는 농업경영체가 가진 특성으로 인해 일반기업에 영향을 미치는 내부마케팅요인이 다르며, 농업경영체의 성과에 영향을 미치는 내부마케팅요인을 발굴했다는 의의를 가진다. 특히 농업경영의 성과확대를 위해서는 커뮤니케이션을 중요하게 다뤄야 한다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 후속 연구로는 매개변수의 발굴로 형성된 매개모형에 대한 연구와 추가로 매개변수가 도입된 조건부과정 모형을 통한 조절된 매개분석을 위한 연구가 필요할 것으로 보인다.

• 기술혁신학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.1508-1535
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• 2018

기업들에 있어서 고용은 혁신활동의 결과를 바탕으로 하는 연속된 의사결정과정이다. 따라서 기술혁신을 통한 고용성과를 살펴봄에 있어서 이 같은 관계성을 명시적으로 분석에 고려할 필요가 있다. 이러한 문제의식을 바탕으로 본 연구에서는 중소기업의 기술혁신과 고용효과의 관계를 선행 연구와 같이 단일방정식을 추정하는 순위로짓(ordered logit) 모형으로 분석할 뿐 아니라, 연립방정식을 추정하는 외견무관회귀(SUR) 모형을 활용하여 실제 동시적으로 수행되어지는 기술경영 과정의 상관성을 반영하여 기업의 혁신활동과 기술혁신 성과, 보상제도 그리고 고용 창출의 구조적 관계를 분석하고자 하였다. 분석 결과, 보상제도의 시행은 기술개발 및 기술사업화 성과를 높이고, 이것은 다시 기업의 고용을 촉진하는 구조적 관계를 확인할 수 있었다. 특히 고용성과에 있어 기술개발 뿐 아니라 사업화 성과가 일종의 허들로 작용한다는 점에서 기술혁신을 프로세스 관점에서 관리할 때 기업의 고용성과는 높아진다고 볼 수 있겠다.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.51-63
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• 2009

In the field of ergonomics, it is evident that participatory action research methodology could contribute to reduce risk factors of work related musculoskeletal disorders(WMSDs). The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a participatory ergonomics in reducing the incidence rate and severity of WMSDs in the tire manufacturing company. In this study, an action committee comprising 13 members was organized in the tire manufacturing company. The action group participated at every research process, education and training, assessment and intervention of risk factors, and early detection and management of WMSDs during the 3 years(2004-2006). The prevention programs contributed to an overall reduction in incidence rate by approximately 37.2%, and lost workdays and workers' compensation costs by approximately 55.1%. But, the incidence rate increased 29.0%, and compensation costs increased 59.0% in the first-year setting programs, and both the incidence rate and compensation costs decreased after the second-year managing programs. And, the reduction rates(63.2%) of insurance cases is higher than that(9.7%) of non-insurance cases. The results showed that participatory ergonomics programs may be effective in reducing the incidence and severity rate of WMSDs.

• 한국산업정보학회논문지
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.39-44
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• 2013

본 논문에서는 BGR과 ADC를 사용하여 Temperature Compensation 기능을 가진 Relaxation Oscillator를 제안한다. Relaxation Oscillator는 전류조절을 통해 주파수를 결정한다. 제안하는 Relaxation Oscillator는 온도에 따른 출력 주파수를 보상하기 위하여 온도에 따른 ADC 및 BGR의 출력 코드를 사용하여 전류를 조절한다. 제안하는 Relaxation Oscillator는 CMOS 0.35 ${\mu}m$ 공정으로 설계되었으며, 면적은 $240{\mu}m{\times}210{\mu}m$ 이다. 전류 소모는 공급전압인 5 V에서 600 ${\mu}A$이며, 온도에 대한 출력 주파수는 ${\pm}1%$이내의 정확도를 가진다.