• 대한한의학원전학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.85-98
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• 2013

Subject : The application of eight extra Meridians theory to birth physiology of Korean Medicine. Objective : This study suggests physiological theories in child birth in Korean Medicine. Method : First, the application of eight extra Meridians and extraordinary organs theories to physiology, pathology, pregnancy, postnatal period of women were examined based on major publications and theories of some historical characters. This work provided clues for application of eight extra Meridians theory to birth physiology. Second, the progressing birth physiology of modern medicine based on the importance of the brain function was examined, with which the application of eight extra Meridians and extraordinary organs theories to the birth process showed close relationship. Conclusion : The following conclusions could be drawn. In traditional publications of Korean Medicine, the contents explaining birth physiology with eight extra Meridians theory were scarce, mainly due to the doctor's perception of birth as part of the natural female physiology along with menstruation and pregnancy. However, the contents explaining menstruation, pregnancy, postnatal physiology and pathology through eight extra Meridians theory could be found in classical texts such as Neijing, Jebyeong-wonhuron, Imjeunginameuian. Therefore, it is reasonable to apply the eight extra Meridians theory to the birth process as well. Modern medicine's understanding that pituitary and hypothalamus hormones are in play on womb in the birth process, such as Oxytocin, is in continuous progress. Moreover, the environmental condition that has been traditionally known ideal to the birth process in both the East and West-dark, warm, quiet and secluded-is being confirmed in modern research. The application of eight extra Meridians theory to birth physiology can help to explain these modern information, and thus make them more acceptable.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.99-124
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• 2009

Many firms in Korea have adopted and used advanced information technology in an effort to boost efficiency. The process of adapting to the new technology, at the same time, can vary from one firm to another. As such, this research focuses on several relevant factors, especially the roles of social interaction as a key variable that influences the technology adaptation process and the outcomes. Thus far, how a firm goes through the adaptation process to the new technology has not been yet fully explored. Previous studies on changes undergone by a firm or an organization due to information technology have been pursued from various theoretical points of views, evolved from technological and institutional views to an integrated social technology views. The technology adaptation process has been understood to be something that evolves over time and has been regarded as cycles between misalignments and alignments, gradually approaching the stable aligned state. The adaptation process of the new technology was defined as "appropriation" process according to Poole and DeSanctis (1994). They suggested that this process is not automatically determined by the technology design itself. Rather, people actively select how technology structures should be used; accordingly, adoption practices vary. But concepts of the appropriation process in these studies are not accurate while suggested propositions are not clear enough to apply in practice. Furthermore, these studies do not substantially suggest which factors are changed during the appropriation process and what should be done to bring about effective outcomes. Therefore, research objectives of this study lie in finding causes for the difference in ways in which advanced information technology has been used and adopted among organizations. The study also aims to explore how a firm's interaction with social as well as technological factors affects differently in resulting organizational changes. Detail objectives of this study are as follows. First, this paper primarily focuses on the appropriation process of advanced information technology in the long run, and we look into reasons for the diverse types of the usage. Second, this study is to categorize each phases in the appropriation process and make clear what changes occur and how they are evolved during each phase. Third, this study is to suggest the guidelines to determine which strategies are needed in an individual, group and organizational level. For this, a substantially grounded theory that can be applied to organizational practice has been developed from a longitudinal comparative case study. For these objectives, the technology appropriation process was explored based on Structuration Theory by Giddens (1984), Orlikoski and Robey (1991) and Adaptive Structuration Theory by Poole and DeSanctis (1994), which are examples of social technology views on organizational change by technology. Data have been obtained from interviews, observations of medical treatment task, and questionnaires administered to group members who use the technology. Data coding was executed in three steps following the grounded theory approach. First of all, concepts and categories were developed from interviews and observation data in open coding. Next, in axial coding, we related categories to subcategorize along the lines of their properties and dimensions through the paradigm model. Finally, the grounded theory about the appropriation process was developed through the conditional/consequential matrix in selective coding. In this study eight hypotheses about the adaptation process have been clearly articulated. Also, we found that the appropriation process involves through three phases, namely, "direct appropriation," "cooperate with related structures," and "interpret and make judgments." The higher phases of appropriation move, the more users represent various types of instrumental use and attitude. Moreover, the previous structures like "knowledge and experience," "belief that other members know and accept the use of technology," "horizontal communication," and "embodiment of opinion collection process" are evolved to higher degrees in their dimensions of property. Furthermore, users continuously create new spirits and structures, while removing some of the previous ones at the same time. Thus, from longitudinal view, faithful and unfaithful appropriation methods appear recursively, but gradually faithful appropriation takes over the other. In other words, the concept of spirits and structures has been changed in the adaptation process over time for the purpose of alignment between the task and other structures. These findings call for a revised or extended model of structural adaptation in IS (Information Systems) literature now that the vague adaptation process in previous studies has been clarified through the in-depth qualitative study, identifying each phrase with accuracy. In addition, based on these results some guidelines can be set up to help determine which strategies are needed in an individual, group, and organizational level for the purpose of effective technology appropriation. In practice, managers can focus on the changes of spirits and elevation of the structural dimension to achieve effective technology use.

• International Journal of Quality Innovation
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.43-51
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• 2004

During process design or process optimization, it is quite common for experimenters to find optimum operating conditions for several responses simultaneously. The traditional multiresponse surfaces optimization methods do not consider the uncertain relationship among these responses sufficiently. For this reason, the authors propose an optimization method based on evidential reasoning theory by Dempster and Shafer. By maximizing the basic probability assignment function, which indicates the degree of belief that certain operating condition is the solution of this multiresponse surfaces optimization problem, the desirable operating condition can be found.

• 한국도서관정보학회지
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• 제28권
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• pp.447-475
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• 1998

We are seeing a shift of the focus of information service from system-centered(data-centered or intermediary-centered) a n.0, pproach to user-centered a n.0, pproach. Sense-making theory is one of the user- centered a n.0, pproaches. This study focused on user-centered information service paradigm concepts of Dervin's sense-making theory and interpreting sense-making theory in the practical context of library services. The sense-making theory is basically a cognitive a n.0, pproach to information-seeking, in that it recognizes information as something that involves internal cognitive processes. The user of information becomes the focus in this sense-making model. The sense-making theory sees information as subjective, situational, and cognitive. It focuses on understanding information within specific contexts and on understanding how information needs develop and how they are satisfied. It regards the user not as a passive receive of external information but as the center in a active, ongoing process of change. It related to the information needs of users. Dervin's method for studying information needs employs the 'situation-gap-use' metaphor. All information needs stem from a discontinuity or 'gap! in one's knowledge. Dervin believes that information needs can be addressed by understanding the process that each individual goes through in experiencing a gap, in trying to resolve it, and in gaining something (especially new knowledge) from the experience. Sense-making is a process; 'sense' is the product of this process. Sense includes 'knowledge'. However, it includes a host of other subjective factors that reflect an individual's interpretations of a situation including intuitions, opinions, hunches, effective responses, evaluations, questions, etc. For several reasons, however, difficulties are encountered if one attempts a more substantial assessment of the theory. First, it has not yet crystallized into a well-defined theory. Secondly, though the theory has aroused general interest, e.g. within LIS, detailed discussion of its strong and weak points is still lacking. A third source of difficulty is that the basic assumptions of the theory have been explicated metaphorically. If sense-making theory is to be really useful, it needs to be interpreted for library settings. But we have found no attempt to construct an information service based on the theory. Because the research tradition is still relatively young, there are many unanswered questions connected, e.g. with the design of information systems. In any case, e.g. intermediary access systems would be more efficient and effective it their planning could be founded on the user-centered a n.0, pproach.

• 대한한의학원전학회지
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.91-106
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• 2022

Objectives : To examine the developmental process of the Pi-Yin theory since the Huangdineijing to Miu Xiyong. Methods : Related contents since the Huangdineijing to Miu Xiyong was searched to examine the development of the Pi-Yin theory. Results & Conclusions : In the Huangdineijing and Shanghanzabinglun, the origin of the Pi's body fluids that nurtures everywhere is explained to be the Wei, which limited the development of the Pi-Yin theory. Liu Wansu understood tonification of the Pi by means of moistening medicinals to mean adding Pi-Yin based on the manifestation of dryness in the case of dampness deficiency which is the main Qi of the Pi and Wei. Zhu Danxi understood adding Pi-Yin as accomplished by supplementing Blood. The understanding of the nature of Pi to be 'likes dryness and hates dampness' leading to thinking that drying dampness tonifies the Pi was the reason why the Pi-Yin theory could not develop fully. Miu Xiyong accepted theories of both Li Dongyuan and Zhu Danxi, and constructed the Pi-Yin theory to bring caution to the unwanted effects of using Baizhu wrongly. Through examination of the developmental process of the Pi-Yin theory, it could be understood that rather than focusing on the physiological function of the Pi-Yin and ways of maintaining its proper functioning, the theory was developed to bring caution to using medicinals with dry and hot properties that could dry the Pi-Yin.

• 대한수학회보
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• 제40권3호
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• pp.373-383
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• 2003

We investigate a uniform local asymptotic normality for likelihood ratio processes based on an independent and identically distributed local asymptotic problem. Our tool is an empirical process theory.

• 한국지능시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국퍼지및지능시스템학회 1998년도 The Third Asian Fuzzy Systems Symposium
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• pp.352-357
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• 1998

Conventional marketing research generally focuses on a single layer's benefit. A notable example is the consumer layer providing managers with partial market information to evaluate relevant strategies. As generally known, marketing management encounters complex supply and demand behaviors, thereby necessitation that a successful marketing strategy adopt multi-layer considerations, such as the consumer layer, channel-retailer layer, and marketing planner layer. In light of above situation, this study applies fuzzy theory and the analytic hierarchy process(AHP) technique to analyze the performances of marketing strategies under multi-layer benefits, In addition, conventional marketing research has difficulty in efficiently allocating the limited budget so that each desired criterion can be significantly enhanced by a group of events. Therefore, a weighting structure among the goal, layers, criteria, and strategies(i.e. a group of events) is also developed herein to trace the influential process and assist marketing managers in efficiently allocating resources(i.e.budget).

• 한국기계가공학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.8-15
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• 2008

Current trend of design technologies shows engineers to objectify or automate the given decision-making process. The numerical optimization is an example of such technologies. However, in numerical optimization, the uncertainties are uncontrollable to efficiently objectify or automate the process. To better manage these uncertainties, Taguchi method, reliability-based optimization and robust optimization are being used. Based on the independence axiom of axiomatic design theory that illustrates the relationship between desired specifications and design parameters, the designs can be classified into three types: uncoupled, decoupled and coupled. To best approach the target performance with the maximum robustness is one of the main functional requirements of a mechanical system. Most engineering designs are pertaining to either coupled or decoupled ones, but these designs cannot currently accomplish a real robustness thus a trade-off between performance and robustness has to be made. In this research, the game theory will be applied to optimize the trade-off.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.176-183
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• 2020

This study inquired about the convergence learning program for childhood based on Erikson's play theory and design education for children's behavior development. I analyzed the convergence learning programs of Summer Camps in the Pacific Science Center, Galileo Learning. The contents of the programs show the most used imaginary and symbolic contents that represent the real-world problems which are related design thinking process. The curriculums and structure of the programs are based on the design thinking method and K-12 theory. The visual thinking method and the applications are used for expressing their creativity and approaching the technical skills easily. The play concept theory is an affirmative way to strengthen the children's psychological and social development. Therefore, the convergence learning program should integrate the design thinking process and apply the play concept theory for supporting and developing the children's behavior.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제32권5호
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• pp.624-632
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• 2002

The number of residents in elderly institution has been increasing due to the change of the family support system. This study was focused on understanding the process of adjustment of the institutionalized elderly using the Grounded Theory approach. Method: There were seven participants, 4 men and 3 women living in 3 different elderly facilities. The data was collected through in-depth interviews and participant observation from June 20, 1999 to January 10, 2000 and analyzed by the Strauss and Corbin's analysis method. Result: 125 concepts were found and grouped into 30 sub-categories and then grouped into 13 categories. These categories are , , , , , , , , , , , and , which were synthesized into the process of adjustment. being the core category. The adjustment process of the facility elderly consisted of : 1. expressive phase of 'reluctance' 2. control phase of 'reluctance' 3. latent phase of 'reluctance' Conclusion: This study offers better understandings on the adjustment process of the institutionalized elderly and provides more appropriate nursing care to the New Comers of these facilities.