• 한국태양에너지학회 논문집
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• 제32권5호
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• pp.52-58
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• 2012

Experimental study was performed to understand the real operation conditions of a showcase working usually in a convenient store and discount store. The purpose of this study was to show the possibility for practical use of cold-heat storage systems being operated for the showcase. To do that, evaporator and condenser temperatures were measured and the compressor electric power consumption were measured simultaneously. To use the ice storage system, the ice making process was typically operated during midnight being not needed the cooling of the showcase through the continuous running of the condenser unit. And then, the refrigerant was subcooled using the stored cold-heat after being discharged from the condenser during daytime. So, the cooling performance was increased with the sub-cooling of refrigerant during daytime,hence the actual running time of the compressor could be effectively decreased. Through the experiments, this study showed that the compressor electric power consumption during daytime could be transferred to nighttime for applying the refrigerant sub-cooling. So, for the convenient store, the maximum load transfer rates for each working cooler and showcase were estimated about 31.1% and 19.9% respectively. And for the discount store, the maximum load transfer rates for each refrigeration and freezing showcase were estimated about 34.1% and 49.0% respectively.

• 공업화학
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• 제3권3호
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• pp.507-515
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• 1992

본 연구에서는 소성 dolomite와 수증기계의 열화학 반응을 축열식열교환기에 응용하기 위해 충전층 형태의 실험장치에서 축열 및 방열특성에 관한 연구를 수행하였다. 실험 data는 수화반응온도 $150-400^{\circ}C$, 탈수반응온도 $700-800^{\circ}C$ 및 수증기 유량 294, 430, 567 g/hr의 실험조건에서 얻은 결과이다. 본 연구의 실험범위내에서는 소성 dolomite중 MgO가 수화반응 과정중 수화되지 않음을 알았다. 따라서 소성된 dolomite중 MgO는 불활성 물질로 취급할 수 있다. 또한 율속단계는 충전층의 입구와 벽면으로부터, 출구와 중심쪽으로 반응이 진행되므로 반응율속보다는 열전달율속으로 진행된다고 생각된다.

• 한국표면공학회지
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.101-106
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• 2000

SOI (Silicon-On-Insulator) substrates were fabricated with varying annealing temperature of $25-660^{\circ}C$ by a linear annealing method, which was modified RTA process using a linear shape heat source. The annealing method was applied to Si ∥ $SiO_2$/Si pair pre-contacted at room temperature after wet cleaning process. The bonding strength of SOI substrates was measured by two methods of Razor-blade crack opening and direct tensile test. The fractured surfaces after direct tensile test were also investigated by the optical microscope as well as $\alpha$-STEP gauge. The interface bonding energy was 1140mJ/m$^2$ at the annealing temperature of $430^{\circ}C$. The fracture strength was about 21MPa at the temperature of $430^{\circ}C$. These mechanical properties were not reported with the conventional furnace annealing or rapid thermal annealing method at the temperature below $500^{\circ}C$. Our results imply that the bonded wafer pair could endure CMP (Chemo-Mechanical Polishing) or Lapping process without debonding, fracture or dopant redistribution.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제22권12호
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• pp.184-189
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• 2005

An experimental study of the femtosecond laser machining of Si materials was carried out. Direct laser machining of the materials for the feature size of a few micron scale has the advantage of low cost and simple process comparing to the semiconductor process, E-beam lithography, ECM and other machining process. Further, the femtosecond laser is the better tool to machine the micro parts due to its characteristics of minimizing the heat affected zone(HAZ). As a result of line cutting of Si, the optimal condition had the region of the effective energy of 2mJ/mm-2.5mJ/mm with the power of 0.5mW-1.5mW. The polarization effects of the incident beam existed in the machining qualities, therefore the sample motion should be perpendicular to the projection of the electric vector. We also observed the periodic ripple patterns which come out in condition of the pulse overlap with the threshold energy. Finally, we could machined the groove with the linewidth of below $2{\mu}m$ for the application of MEMS device repairing, scribing and arbitrary patterning.

• 방사성폐기물학회지
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.85-93
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• 2005

Isotopes of alkali and alkaline earth metals (AM and AEM) are the main contributors to the heat load and the radiotoxicity of spent fuel (SF) . These components are separated from the SF and dissolved in a molten LiCl in an electrolytic reduction process. A mass transfer model is developed to describe the diffusion behavior of Cs, Sr, and Ba in the SF into the molten salt. The model is an analytical solution of Fick's second law of diffusion for a cylinder which is the shape of a cathode in the electrolytic reduction process. And the model is also applied to depict the concentration profile of the oxygen ion which is produced by the electrolysis of Li$_{2}$O. The regressed diffusion coefficients of the model correlating the experimentally measured data are evaluated to be greater in the order of Ba, Cs, and Sr for the metal ions and the diffusion of the oxygen ion is slower than the metal ions which implies that different mechanisms govern the diffusion of the metal ions and the oxygen ions in a molten LiCl.

• 대한용접접합학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한용접접합학회 2006년 추계학술발표대회 개요집
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• pp.216-218
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• 2006

The application of aluminium alloy is increasing for lightweight and high quality transport vehicle. In this study, therefore, it is intended to apply the high speed hybrid welding method for marine grade aluminium alloy(A5083) used for shipbuilding that consists of 3 kW CW Nd:YAG laser and MIG welding process. For this purpose, the characteristics of process parameters(laser & arc combine angle and focal position of hybrid head to specimen) are investigated for hybrid fillet joint. This study also describes determination of heat distribution using finite element model of the T-joint fillet weld using the in-house solver which has been validated for different type of welding problems.

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.167-174
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• 2017

This study attempted to investigate the value of photoelectric sensors in terms of a defrost-control method. Tests were conducted in a calorimeter room under the heating with the defrost-performance test conditions described in KS C 9306. Accordingly, the photoelectric technology is a competitive defrost-control method that can precisely control the operational defrost cycle using the output voltages that are proportional to the frost height. The heating period is gradually reduced because the complex defrost-control method, for which the sensors initiate the defrosting process and the defrosting process is terminated by the time parameter, could not adjust the net defrosting time by itself. Therefore, a complex defrost-control method, for which the photoelectric sensors start the defrosting process and it is terminated by the temperature parameter, is preferred because of the adjustment of the net defrosting time. Regardless of the defrost-control method, the first defrosting cycle is activated earlier than the times that are determined in the second and third cycles and so on, because the first operation cycle can decide the characteristics of the subsequent cycle.

• 한국입자에어로졸학회지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.95-105
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• 2020

Vanadium Pentoxide (V2O5) has been emerged as alternative electrode materials for supercapacitors due to their low cost, natural abundance, and environmental friendliness. Graphene (GR) loaded with V2O5 can exhibit enhanced specific capacitance. In this study, we present three-dimensional (3D) crumpled graphene (CGR) decorated with V2O5. The V2O5-graphene composites were synthesized from a colloidal mixture of graphene oxide (GO) and Ammonium metavanadate (NH4VO3), via aerosol spray drying and post heat treatment process. The average size of composite was ranged from 1.82 to 4.6 ㎛. Morphology of the composite changed from a crumpled paper ball to spherical ball having relatively smooth surface as the content of V2O5 increased in the composites. The electrochemical performance of the V2O5-graphene composites was examined. The V2O5-graphene composite electrode showed the specific capacitance of 312 F/g. In addition, the device possessed acceptable cyclic stability, with 84% after 2000 cycles at 2 A/g. These outstanding properties are expected to make the composites prepared in this study as promising electrode materials for supercapacitor applications.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• 제39권6호
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• pp.244-249
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• 2023

This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of the impact of surface roughness on the friction and wear properties of SUS 321, an austenitic stainless steel variant produced using the laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) technique, which is a prevalent additive manufacturing method. After the LPBF fabrication, the specimens go a heat treatment process aimed at alleviating residual stress. Subsequently, they are polished extensively to achieve a refined and smooth surface. To deliberately introduce controlled variations in surface roughness, an etching process is employed. This multi-step method encompassed primary etching in a 3M hydrochloric acid solution, followed by secondary etching in a 35 wt% ferric chloride solution, with varying durations applied to different specimens. A comprehensive evaluation of the surface characteristics ensued, employing precise techniques such as surface roughness measurements and meticulous assessments of water droplet contact angles. Following the surface treatment procedures, a series of friction tests are performed to explore the tribological behavior of the etched specimens. This in-depth investigation reached its peak by revealing valuable insights. It clarified a strong correlation between intentionally altered surface roughness, achieved through etching processes, and the resulting tribological performance of LPBF-fabricated SUS 321 stainless steel. This significantly advances our grasp of material behavior in tribological applications.

• 공업화학
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.488-496
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• 1993

천연 제올라이트는 공업적으로 그 용도가 매우 다양하여 최근에 연구의 초점이 되어왔다. 여러 종류의 국내산 천연 제올라이트 중에서 clinoptilolite는 가장 각광을 받는 천연 제올라이트 중의 하나이다. 그러나 clinoptilolite와 구조가 유사한 heulandite가 clinoptilolite와 공존할 가능성이 항상 내포되어 있다. 그러나 heulandite는 열적으로 매우 불안정하기 때문에 공업적으로 이용되는데 많은 제한을 받아왔다. 본 논문에서는 이온교환 및 열처리가 국내산 천연 제올라이트인 huelandite의 열적 안정성에 미치는 영향에 관하여 논하고자 한다. 2종류의 이온교환을 실시한 후 여러 온도에서 열처리를 수행하였다. X-ray, IR 및 AA 흡광 분석을 실시한 결과 $Na^+$이온으로 이온교환할 때 heulandite의 열적 안정성의 향상을 가져오는 것을 알 수 있었다.