• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.17-37
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• 2014

In this study, four widely accepted and used variants of Evolution Strategies (ES) are adapted and applied to the output-error state-space identification problem. The selection of ES is justified by prior strong indication of superior performance to similar problems, over alternatives like Genetic Algorithms (GA) or Evolutionary Programming (EP). The ES variants that are being tested are (i) the (1+1)-ES, (ii) the $({\mu}/{\rho}+{\lambda})-{\sigma}$-SA-ES, (iii) the $({\mu}_I,{\lambda})-{\sigma}$-SA-ES, and (iv) the (${\mu}_w,{\lambda}$)-CMA-ES. The study is based on a six-degree-of-freedom (DOF) structural model of a shear building that is characterized by light damping (up to 5%). The envisaged analysis is taking place through Monte Carlo experiments under two different excitation types (stationary / non-stationary) and the applied ES are assessed in terms of (i) accurate modal parameters extraction, (ii) statistical consistency, (iii) performance under noise-corrupted data, and (iv) performance under non-stationary data. The results of this suggest that ES are indeed competitive alternatives in the non-linear state-space estimation problem and deserve further attention.

• 대한건축학회논문집:계획계
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• 제34권12호
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• pp.49-54
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• 2018

Applying metric(distance) factor as weighting to spatial syntax is known to not contribute to the explanatory power for the human movement behavior as compared to the geometric(angle) factor according to the negative results of several related studies. However, Kim & Piao (2017) assumed that there is not a problem of the metric factor itself but a problem of the way of applying the metric factor as weighting, and presented a new possibility of the metric factor as weighting by proposing and verifying the methods of applying the metric weighting, which are different from the existing ones. The purpose of this study is to propose advanced methods of applying the metric weighting to space syntax, and to verify whether they contribute to the improvement of explanatory power of space syntax analysis. In this paper, we propose functions for combined depth of distance-step that combine the distance-weighted depth function with the step depth function and apply them to axial segment analysis to check the improvement of explanatory power of them.

• 한국주거학회논문집
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.85-95
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• 2000

This study tries to promote an effective use of semi-public space of urban street in social point of view. The main results are follows. First, semi-public space is occupied by private users and it makes urban landscape unrecoverable. The real problem is that people do not know the space is for public use rather than pure private use. Second, the standard of semi-public space requirement should be changed from floor space to lot area. In addition, the standard should apply to buildings on an area less than a legal standard. Third, some ways of attaining the semi-public space in relation with adjacent lots should be introduced in the case of urban redevelopment nad living condition improvement projects.

• 호남수학학술지
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• 제40권1호
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• pp.27-46
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• 2018

In this paper, (E, L)-preproximity and uniformity spaces in matriod theory as a generalized to a classical proximity and Uniformity spaces introduced by Csaszar [1] is introduced. Recently, Shi [17]-[18] introduced a new approach to the fuzzification of matroids.Here introduce (E, L)-preproximity and uniformity spaces, Uniformity and strong uniformity on (E, L)-fuzzifying matroid space, Not only study the properties of this new notions, but it has been generated (E, L)-fuzzifying matroid Space from (E, L)-preproximity and uniformity spaces. Next to introduced (E, L)-preproximity continuous in (E, L)-fuzzifying matroid space and used it in more properties. Finally we solve combinatorial optimizations problem via (E, L)-fuzzifying matroid space.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제30권5호
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• pp.595-601
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• 2006

Design space optimization using design space adjustment and refinement is used to optimize a knuckle in the suspension system of an automobile. This approach is a new efficient method for large-scale topology optimization by virtue of two reasons. First, design space adjustment including design space expansion and reduction is suitable for large-scale problems. Second, the design space refinement can be done globally or locally where and when necessary and thus is very effective in obtaining a target resolution with much less number of elements. Compliance minimization for a knuckle is considered with a realistic working condition to show the effectiveness and superiority of the new approach.

• International journal of advanced smart convergence
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.52-61
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• 2020

The AHP method was used in 30 provinces of China to construct the index system of creative space efficiency evaluation and determine the weight of each index. The fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method was further used to score the indexes at all levels, and then the total efficiency score was sorted. The purpose of this study is to adjust the regional layout of creative space reasonably and implement financial policies accurately through the evaluation of the efficiency of creative space. The results is ranking top in weight of several indicators, which include the number of incubated Startups, the number of innovation and entrepreneurship mentors, the survival rate of incubator, the innovative training activities, etc. It was also found that Beijing, Shanghai, Jiangsu, Guangdong and Zhejiang ranked first in the score of creative space efficiency. This study is meaningful in that it was In order to effectively solve the problem of the imbalance of the creative space efficiency in China's province, by coordinating the regional pattern, establishing a sound service system and improving the efficiency evaluation system.

• 항공우주정책ㆍ법학회지
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.259-294
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• 2013

중국은 2007년 자국의 위성을 폭파하는 실험을 하고, 신문이나 텔레비전 등에서 크게 보도한 바 있다. 이와 관련하여 세계 각국에서의 비판이 있었고, 이 문제에 관한 관심이 지대하였다. 그 내용을 보면, 우주에서 군비확장에 박차를 가한다는 것이나, 우주의 안전한 이용을 저해한다는 관점에서의 비판이 많았다. 대량의 우주 쓰레기를 생성하는 것이 된 이 중국의 자국위성 폭파실험행위는 국제법, 특히 우주조약에 위반했는지 여부에 관하여 논한 것은 별로 없었다. 우주잔해는 중대한 문제라고 주장되고 있는 데도 불구하고, 여전히 그 양은 증가를 계속하고 있다. 이대로 우주물체의 발사를 계속해 간다면, 우주공간의 이용 자체가 크게 저해되어 버리는 경우가 현실화 될 수 있다. 더구나 우주공간의 상업적 이용이 향후 더욱 더 행해지고 있기 때문에, 이 문제는 더욱 중요성을 더해 갈 것이다. 이러한 위험성을 충분히 이해하고 국제사회가 협력해서 우주 쓰레기의 저감에 대처하고 있다. 일찌기 미국이나 소련도 ASAT(Anti-Satelite)실험을 하고 있었다. 그러나 이에 대해서, 군사적 측면을 포함해서 우주조약에 위반한 행위라는 항의는 보이지 않았고, 중국의 이번 실험도 동일하게 위법이 아니라고 하는 것이 일반적인 견해라고 생각된다. 현재는 당시에 비해서 우주 쓰레기에 관한 연구도 비약적으로 이루어지고 있으며, 그 위험성이 충분히 인지되고 있다. 이러한 상황 하에서 대량의 우주 쓰레기를 발생시키는 것이 되어버린 중국의 자국위성 폭파실험행위를 종래의 해석으로 단순하게 위법이 아니라고 정리해 버리는 것에 대하여 약간의 저항도 있다. 본고는 지난 중국에 의한 자국위성 폭파실험이 국제우주법을 위반하고 있는지의 여부에 대한 재검토를 시도해 보고자 한다. 본고의 구성은 먼저 사건의 개요를 확인한 다음 이번 실험은 "달, 기타의 천체를 포함하는 우주공간의 탐사 및 이용에 있어서의 국가 활동을 규율하는 원칙에 관한 조약"에 위반하고 있는 것인지 여부에 대한 검토를 하고자 한다. 또한 실험 후에 개최된 유엔과학기술소위원회원회에서 우주잔해의 저감에 관한 가이드 라인이 유엔에서 처음으로 채택되었는 바 그 특징이나 향후의 과제에 대해서도 검토 하고자 한다.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제11호
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• pp.45-56
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• 1997

In the process of modermization the problem of environment destruction has become a worldwide issue. And now this problem is a concern for all branches of science, including that of architectural desigv. This thesis tries to find the meaning of ecological architectural space, one that encreases the organic relationship, and communication, between architectrual space and urban environmental space, between human beings and architecture, and between human beings and their environment. As an example, we will take a look at the architectural space-design of Frei Otto, who offers diverse creative ecological architectural forms. His concept of architecture has the critical character when compared with the traditionan conventional concept of architecture. The ecological characteristics of his architectural spacedesign can be summarized as follows: The first characteristic is his ample use of natural objects in the architectural structure. An ample use of living things like trees and plants as well as of inanimate thing like water, wind as architectural elements enhances the functional efficiency of architecture. The second characteristic is its ecological architectural system, which saves energy faciliates ventilation by changing the position and direction of the building, by systematically applying the materials, and by efficiently arranging the inner space. The third characteristic is the dematerialization of architecture and the use of materials that are economical and appropriate for the circulation system of nature. The use of natural elements and recycling natural objects, makes it possible to reuse materials of the destroyed building. In short, the ecological architecture of Frei Otto, which shows the relation between human beings and architecture, presents diverse possibilities of the archtectural space as a complex natural system, which is more than a simple combination of separatge elements.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제28권10호
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• pp.1574-1582
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• 2004

Binary manipulators have recently received much attention due to hyper-redundancy, light weight, good controllability and high reliability. The precise positioning of the manipulator end-effecter requires the use of many modules, which results in a high-dimensional workspace. When the workspace dimension is large, existing inverse kinematics methods such as the Ebert-Uphoff algorithm may require impractically large memory size in determining the binary positions of all actuators. To overcome this limitation, we propose a new inverse kinematics algorithm: the inverse kinematics problem is formulated as an optimization problem using real-valued design variables, The key procedure in this approach is to transform the integer-variable optimization problem to a real-variable optimization problem and to push the real-valued design variables as closely as possible to the permissible binary values. Since the actual optimization is performed in real-valued design variables, the design sensitivity becomes readily available, and the optimization method becomes extremely efficient. Because the proposed formulation is quite general, other design considerations such as operation power minimization can be easily considered.

• 한국산업융합학회 논문집
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.90-98
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• 2015

This research propose with image-based visual a new approach to design a feedback control of mobile robot. because mobile robot must be recharged periodically, it is necessary to detect and move to docking station. Generally, laser scanner is used for detect of position of docking station. CCD Camera is also used for this purpose. In case of using camera, the position-based visual servoing method is widely used. But position-based visual servoing method requires the accurate calibration and it is hard and complex work. Another method using cameras is inmage-based visual feedback. Recently, image based visual feedback is widely used for robotic application. But it has a problem that cannot have linear trajectory in the 3-dimensional space. Because of this weak point, image-based visual servoing has a limit for real application. in case of 2-dimensional movement on the plane, it has also similar problem. In order to solve this problem, we point out the main reason of the problem of the resolved rate control method that has been generally used in the image-based visual servoing and we propose an image-based visual feedback method that can reduce the curved trajectory of mobile robot in th cartesian space.