• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2000년도 춘계학술대회논문집B
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• pp.541-547
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• 2000

Experiments were done for the comparison of performance and flow characteristics between a two stage axial flow fan and a counter-rotating axial flow fm. The fan performance curves were obtained by the Korean Standard Testing Methods for Turbo Fans and Blowers (KS B 6311). The fan flow characteristics were measured using a five-hole probe by the non-nulling method. Each stage of the two stage axial flow fan used for the present study has an eight bladed rotor and thirteen stator blades. The front and the rear rotor of the counter-rotating axial flow fan have eight blades each and are driven by coaxial counter rotating shafts through a gear box located between the rear rotor and the electric motor. Both of the two axial fan configurations use identical rotor blades and the same operating conditions for the one-to-one comparison of the two. Performance characteristics of the two configurations were obtained and compared by varying the blade setting angles and axial gaps between the blade rows. The passage flow fields between the hub and tip of the fans were measured and analyzed for the particular operating conditions of peak efficiency, minimum and maximum pressure coefficients.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.201-210
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• 2002

Experiments were done for performance and flow characteristics of a counter-rotating axial flow fan. Performance curves of a counter-rotating axial flow fan were obtained and compared by varying the blade pitch angles. The fan characteristic curves were obtained following the Korean Standard Testing Methods for Turbo Fans and Blowers (KS B 6311). The fan flow characteristics were measured using a five-hole probe and a slanted hot-wire. The velocity profiles between the hub and tip of the fans were measured and analyzed at the peak efficiency point. The peak efficiency of the counter-rotating axial flow fan was improved about 15% respectively, compared with the single rotating axial fan. The single rotating axial flow fan showed relatively law efficiency due to the swirl velocities behind rotor exit which produced pressure losses. The counter-rotating axial flow fan showed that the swirl velocity generated by the front rotor was eliminated by the rear rotor and the associated dynamic pressure is recovered in the from of the static pressure rise.

• 한국정밀공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정밀공학회 2005년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.77-80
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• 2005

Local probe techniques such as scanning probe microscopy (SPM) or atomic force microscopy (AFM) extended our perception into ultra small world. Specially, the sense of touching was extended by AFM into the micro- and nanoworld and has provided complementary new insights of the microscopic world. In addition, touching objects is an essential step before trying to manipulate things. SPM as a touch sensor not only measure the mechanical properties but also detect different properties such as magnetic, electrical, ionic, thermal, chemical and biophysical properties in nanoscale and even less. Obtaining biophysical measurements, monitoring dynamics and processes together with high-resolution imaging of the biomolecules and cells with rather simpler sample preparation than any other techniques give great attractions to the scientists experimenting with biological samples. Among the many AFM capabilities we will specifically introduce the force plot which is used to measure tip-sample interactions and its application this time.

• 비파괴검사학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.23-30
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• 2007

본 연구에서는 근접장 마이크로파 현미경을 이용하여 NaCl 용액의 농도검출센서로의 응용 가능성에 대해 알아보았다. 근접장 마이크로파 현미경은 높은 Q 인자를 갖는 유전체 공진기를 이용하여 고감도 특성을 갖는다. 측정과정에저 탐침이 액체 시료표면에 근접했을 때 발생할 수 있는 표면장력의 영향을 피하기 위해 튜닝폭 피드백시스템을 이용하여 탐침과 시료 사이의 거리를 $1{\mu}m$로 유지하였다. 측정은 4GHz에서 이루어졌으며 NaCl 용액의 농도 변화, 농도 및 온도 변화, 부피 변화에 따른 마이크로파 반사계수($S_{11}$)을 관측하여 농도를 측정하였다. 또한 선택적 반응 감도 특성을 알아보기 위하여 NaCl과 글루코스의 혼합용액에서 글루코스의 농도 및 NaCl 용액의 농도를 관측하였다.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.43-52
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• 2011

조립토로 구성된 지반구조물의 안정성은 전단변형에 따른 전단영역의 특성변화에 의해 영향을받는다. 본 연구의 목적은 전단파와 전기비저항 및 콘 선단저항력을 이용하여 직접전단실험시 발생하는 전단영역의 특성을 파악하는 것이다. 전단영역의 특성을 파악하기 위하여, 아크릴 재질로 직접전단상자를 제작하였으며, 직접전단상자의 벽면에는 전단파와 전기비저항의 측정을 위하여 벤더엘리먼트와 전기비저항 프로브를 설치하였다. 벤더엘리먼트와 전기비저항 프로브는 전단영역과 비전단영역에 각각 설치되어, 전단변형에 따른 조립토의 거동을 비교할 수 있도록 하였다. 또한, 콘 선단저항력을 측정할 수 있도록 개발한 마이크로 콘을 첨두강도상태와 잔류강도상태에서 관입하여 깊이에 따른 시료의 강도분포를 관찰하였다. 실험결과, 바닥부근과 하부전단영역에서는 전단변형에 따른 전단파 속도는 일정하였지만, 상부전단영역에서의 전단파 속도는 증가하였다. 또한, 바닥부근의 전기비저항은 변화가 없는 반면, 하부전단영역에서 전기비저항은 상대밀도에 따라 수직변형률과 반비례관계로 나타났다. 콘 선단저항력의 변화도 전단파 속도의 변화와 유사하게 상부전단영역에서 큰 변화가 관찰되었다. 본 논문에서 제시한 직접전단실험시 전단파와 전기비저항을 관찰하는 것과 실험완료 후 콘 관입실험은 조립토의 전단영역 특성을 파악하기 위한 매우 효과적인 방법이 될 수 있음을 보여준다.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제59권6호
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• pp.559-563
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• 2016

Objective : Low back pain, caused intervertebral disc degeneration has been treated by thermal annuloplasty procedure, which is a non-surgical treatement. The theoretical backgrounds of the annuloplasty are thermal destruct of nociceptor and denaturization of collagen fiber to induce contraction, to shrink annulus and thus enhancing stability. This study is about temperature and its distribution during thermal annuloplasty using 1414 nm Nd : YAG laser. Methods : Thermal annuloplasty was performed on fresh human cadaveric lumbar spine with 20 intact intervertebral discs in a $37^{\circ}C$ circulating water bath using newly developed 1414 nm Nd : YAG laser. Five thermocouples were attached to different locations on the disc, and at the same time, temperature during annuloplasty was measured and analyzed. Results : Thermal probe's temperature was higher in locations closer to laser fiber tip and on lateral locations, rather than the in depth locations. In accordance with the laser fiber tip and the depth, temperatures above $45.0^{\circ}C$ was measured in 3.0 mm depth which trigger nociceptive ablation in 16 levels (80%), in accordance with the laser fiber end tip and laterality, every measurement had above $45.0^{\circ}C$, and also was measured temperature over $60.0^{\circ}C$, which can trigger collagen denaturation at 16 levels (80%). Conclusion : When thermal annuloplasty is needed in a selective lesion, annuloplasty using a 1414 nm Nd : YAG laser can be one of the treatment options.

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 2013년도 제45회 하계 정기학술대회 초록집
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• pp.128.1-128.1
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• 2013

We investigated the correlation between electrical transport and mechanical stress in $Bi_2Te_2Se$ by using a conductive probe atomic force microscopy in an ultra-high vacuum environment. Uniform distribution of measured friction and current were observed over a single quintuple layer terrace, which is an indication of the uniform chemical composition of the surface. By measuring the charge transport of $Bi_2Te_2Se$ surface as a function of the load applied by a tip to the sample, we found that the current density varies with applied load. The variation of current density was explained in light of the combined effect of the changes in the in-plane conductance and spin-orbit coupling that were theoretically predicted. We suppose that the local density of states is modified by tip-induced strain, but topological phase still remains. We exposed a clean topological insulator surface by tip-induced indentation. The surface conductance on the indented $Bi_2Te_2Se$ surface was studied, and the role of surface oxide on the surface conductance is discussed.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 2008년도 하계학술대회 논문집 Vol.9
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• pp.132-132
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• 2008

Silicon carbide (SiC) is an attractive material for high-power, high-temperature, and high-frequency applications. So far, atomic force microscopy (AFM) has been extensively used to study the surface charges, dielectric constants and electrical potential distribution as well as topography in silicon-based device structures, whereas it has rarely been applied to SiC-based structures. In this work, the surface potential and topography distributions SiC with different doping levels were measured at a nanometer-scale resolution using a scanning kelvin probe force microscopy (SKPM) with a non-contact mode AFM. The measured results were calibrated using a Pt-coated tip and a metal defined electrical contacts of Au onto SiC. It is assumed that the atomically resolved surface potential difference does not originate from the intrinsic work function of the materials but reflects the local electron density on the surface. It was found that the work function of the Au deposited on SiC surface was higher than that of original SiC surface. The dependence of the surface potential on the doping levels in SiC, as well as the variation of surface potential with respect to the schottky barrier height has been investigated. The results confirm the concept of the work function and the barrier heights of metal/SiC structures.

• 한국윤활학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국윤활학회 2002년도 proceedings of the second asia international conference on tribology
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• pp.57-58
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• 2002

Asperity arrays and Independent asperities were fabricated on a silicon plate. Then pull-off and friction forces were measured on each asperity pattern by using AFM (atomic force microscope) in humid air and high vacuum of $2{\times}10^{-5}$ Pa. The probe of AFM cantilever has a flat square of about $1\;{\mu}m^2$ on its tip. The results showed that the pull-off force was proportional to the curvature radius of asperity peak in each ambient condition. The friction force was proportional to the pull-off force and was slightly higher in the humid air than in the high vacuum.

• 전자공학회논문지B
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• 제31B권7호
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• pp.101-107
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• 1994

In this work a scanning capacitance microscopy(SCaM) by stage driving is proposed and presented some of the experimental results.SCaM is a microscope which scans a surface of materials mechanically in two or two point five dimensions by a capacitance probe with a few tenth $\mu\textrm{m}$ ize tip, and display images of the surface shape or capacitive distribution. The present target of the SCaM is 0.1$\mu\textrm{m}$ resolution power which exceeds that of optical microscope. This will become a powerful tool for inspecting ULSI pattern etched by X-ray biological data etc. The experimental system is composed based on a VHD video disk which captures the capacitance changes of the video disk surface and converts it into video signal.