• The KIPS Transactions:PartC
• /
• v.12C no.4 s.100
• /
• pp.465-472
• /
• 2005

IEEE 802.11 wireless LAN technology is essential for wireless internet, next generation converged network and home network. But, it is certain that user's privacy must be provided to expand the applicable area in IEEE 802.11 WLAN. Recently, WEP and 802.11i security scheme can be used in MAC Layer. But with VPN technology which is applied to WLAN user, it means that suity mechanism is used redundantly. One bit authentication mechanism was already proposed to solve this redundancy. In this paper, we analyze problems of 1-bit Authentication mechanism which are failure of synchronization and waste of packet. And we propose new algorithm which synchronizes sender with receiver, at once, using duplicated-packet-count information. We show that our algorithm improves success probability of packet authentication up to $98\%$ and efficiency of authentication bit stream up to $97\%$.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartB
• /
• v.15B no.5
• /
• pp.465-476
• /
• 2008

To provide autonomous and dynamic services for users in a ubiquitous environment where heterogeneity, mobility and variability are main characteristics, an efficient service description/structuring mechanism and a service composition method are essential. Service composition can consider context in real-time and compose appropriate services. In this research, we propose a mechanism for extracting services from a specific domain and structuring them into hierarchical service ontology. Each service is described using the proposed service specification. Based on this service ontology, users can represent their goals using various abstraction levels of services, and then our service overloading method enables to invoke the most appropriate service at the execution time. Moreover, we present a method which can discovery an alternative service by referencing the service ontology, when the requested service is not available. The experimental result shows that our service ontology could improve the success probability of users' goals and reduce service binding time compare to using just an unstructured list of services.

• KIPS Transactions on Computer and Communication Systems
• /
• v.6 no.12
• /
• pp.497-506
• /
• 2017

There have been previous researches about user authentication by analyzing the user's gait or behavior or action using the accelerometer sensor of smartphone, but there was a lack of user convenience to apply PIN entry. In this paper, we propose the technique for PIN entry without a touch on smartphone, the technique uses an accelerometer sensor and a vibration sensor built in the smartphone to enter the PIN. We conducted a usability experiment using the proposed technique and confirmed that the usability can be increased according to users become accustomed to this technique and that the users can enter PIN with 12.9 seconds and a probability of 100% on average. Also we conducted a security experiment and confirmed that an attack success rate is 0% when an attacker attacked the user using the recording attack and that it is more secure than the previous PIN entry technique. As a result, we was able to confirm that this technique can be used sufficiently.

• Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
• /
• v.26 no.3
• /
• pp.305-316
• /
• 2009

In this study, we suggest an empirical forecast of CIR (Corotating Interaction Regions) and geomagnetic storm based on the information of coronal holes (CH). For this we used CH data obtained from He I $10830{\AA}$ maps at National Solar Observatory-Kitt Peak from January 1996 to November 2003 and the CIR and storm data that Choi et al. (2009) identified. Considering the relationship among coronal holes, CIRs, and geomagnetic storms (Choi et al. 2009), we propose the criteria for geoeffective coronal holes; the center of CH is located between $N40^{\circ}$ and $S40^{\circ}$ and between $E40^{\circ}$ and $W20^{\circ}$, and its area in percentage of solar hemispheric area is larger than the following areas: (1) case 1: 0.36%, (2) case 2: 0.66%, (3) case 3: 0.36% for 1996-2000, and 0.66% for 2001-2003. Then we present contingency tables between prediction and observation for three cases and their dependence on solar cycle phase. From the contingency tables, we determined several statistical parameters for forecast evaluation such as PODy (the probability of detection yes), FAR (the false alarm ratio), Bias (the ratio of "yes" predictions to "yes" observations) and CSI (critical success index). Considering the importance of PODy and CSI, we found that the best criterion is case 3; CH-CIR: PODy=0.77, FAR=0.66, Bias=2.28, CSI=0.30. CH-storm: PODy=0.81, FAR=0.84, Bias=5.00, CSI=0.16. It is also found that the parameters after the solar maximum are much better than those before the solar maximum. Our results show that the forecasting of CIR based on coronal hole information is meaningful but the forecast of goemagnetic storm is challenging.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
• /
• v.5 no.1
• /
• pp.87-97
• /
• 1999

Rapidly changing healthcare environment and professional nursing practice need a strategy for the organizational development and goal attainment. An understanding of organizational culture could help managers enhance or expend their management strategy, thus increasing the probability of their success in the organization. On the other hand. organizational culture is an abstract concept and can show several views between sciences applying it. Therefore. organizational culture can be described to different ways with roots in each other discipline. Thus. it is necessary to define the concept of organizational culture in nursing perspective. This article reports a study conducted to analyze the concept of Nursing Service Organizational Culture. This study is performed by the guideline of Walker and Avant for concept analysis : selecting a concept. detering aim of analysis, identifying all use of concept. defining attributes. constructing model. contrary, borderline. related cases. identifying antecedents and consequences. According to the results of this study. the following definition attributes of Nursing Service Organizational Culture was suggested. We could define that nursing service organizational culture is the pattern of basic assumption and common belief that shared by the subordinates of nursing service. So, it provides a shared identity for all employees. Attributes of Nursing Service Organizational Culture were defined as (1) it is performed by the result of the interaction through formal. informal communication among nursing service organizational subordinations. (2) it has been performed unconsciously and reacts without ever thinking about the behavior. (3) it makes a unique pattern of behaviors to each nursing organization. which is different from other groups. (4) it has a broad and subtle forces to its subordinates. (5) it provides subordinates with the way of thought and behavior. (6) it influences on the output. stability. and de velopment of nursing service.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
• /
• v.4 no.1
• /
• pp.89-105
• /
• 1998

Modern organizations, both complicated and complex, operate in an economic climate of· turbulence and rapid change. And Today's healthcare environment is changing, driven by demographic, environmental. social, political and technological forces. In actual practice, the organization usually depend on several factors such as economic state of organization, managerial strategies, a synthesis of several theories that reflect individual biases, specific circumstances, and practical realities. These rapidly changing healthcare environment and professional nursing practice need a strategy for the organizational development and goal attainment. An understanding of organizational culture could help managers enhance or expand their management strategy, thus increasing the probability of their success in the organization. Organizational culture is an abstract, yet potent managerial concept. With roots in several disciplines, several perspectives and definitions of organizational culture have emerged. The concept of organizational culture has been rapidly introduced into the academic and organizational world, with the much attention to the excellent companies that have continued rapid grow th despite the overall world economic recession in the late of 1970s. Organizational culture is the combination of the symbols, language, assumptions, and behaviors that overtly manifest an organization's norm and values. It is the taken-for-granted and shared meanings people assign to their social surroundings that can have a profound effect on an organizaitonal decision making and performance. For attaining a organizational goal and developing organization, it is necessary to put emphasis on developing organizational culture. It has to set organizational culture well understood by its members as an instrument to achieve the organizational goals. Both Manager and staff can focus and act on the values identified. Also, managers will exhibit better decision making capabilities because they are guided by perception of the organizational values. Therefore, understanding of organizational culture could give a strategy for organizational development that assist hiring personnel, orienting new comers, facilitating organizational change and promoting learning and so on. But their is few study on nursing organizational culture in Korea. Moreover they have not had a clear definition of Korean nursing organizational culture. Therefore, it is necessary to lay down definition of Korean nursing organizational culture and fine out real factor of Korean nursing culture. For defining a definition of Korean nursing organizational culture, this study assessed several definitions of organizational culture, factors of culture, types of culture, and functions of culture through book review.

• The Korean Journal of Franchise Management
• /
• v.13 no.2
• /
• pp.1-15
• /
• 2022

Purpose: The globalization of the Korean restaurant franchise industry differs from the business performance of enhancing the brand image and customers' intention to revisit depending on the degree of localization marketing. Therefore, it is necessary to consider the extent to which the localization marketing activities of overseas Korean restaurant franchise companies affect the customer's perception. This study aims to investigate the effects of localization marketing (Localized Menu, Localized Price, Localized Service Experience, Localized Promotion, Localized Physical Environment) of Korean restaurant franchise companies on customer revisit intention. Research design, data, and methodology: For this study, 150 questionnaires using local Korean restaurants in Beijing, China, were analyzed using SPSS Ver.21 and AMOS Ver.22. Result: It was confirmed that the localized menu, localized service experience, and localized physical environment all affect the intention to revisit customers. Based on these verification results, if overseas franchises fully recognize localization marketing, which is an important factor for local business success, and establish localization strategies, they can gain an edge in competition with local Korean restaurants or restaurant franchises founded by locals. There may be a higher probability that However, it was found that localization price and localization promotion had no mediating effect of brand image between revisit intention and revisit intention. It was found that it had no effect on the degree of inquiry and had a negative effect. Conclusions: Due to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, there have been many changes in the domestic and overseas food service industry over the past two years. Therefore, in future research, it is necessary to study the localization of overseas Korean restaurant franchise companies that are more multidimensionally subdivided. Various measures of customized localization marketing for optimal regional characteristics should be developed and applied to enhance customer revisiting and brand image of Korean restaurant franchise companies entering overseas. In the future, this study will be meaningful data for the establishment of localization marketing (Localized Menu, Localized Price, Localized Service Experience, Localized Promotion, Localized Physical Environment) strategies for Korean restaurant franchise companies that consider overseas expansion or have already entered.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
• /
• v.16 no.1
• /
• pp.21-28
• /
• 2015

Currently there are wide variety of web services and applications available for users. Such services restrict access to only authorized users, and therefore its users often need to go through the inconvenience of getting an authentication from each service every time. To resolve of such inconvenience, a third party application with OAuth(Open Authorization) protocol that can provide restricted access to different web services has appeared. OAuth protocol provides applicable and flexible services to its users, but is exposed to reply attack, phishing attack, impersonation attack. Therefore we propose method that after authentication Access Token can be issued by using the E-mail authentication. In proposed method, regular user authentication success rate is high when value is 5 minutes. However, in the case of the attacker, the probability which can be gotten certificated is not more than the user contrast 0.3% within 5 minutes.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
• /
• v.20 no.4
• /
• pp.859-882
• /
• 2011

Since two oil crises in the 1970s, Korea has actively engaged in overseas E&P projects to increase energy diversity as well as its self-development rate of energy resources. Korea's energy self-development rate, an index that indicates the ratio of resources acquired through overseas development compared to direct imports. Currently, Korea is conducting a total of 180 promising overseas oil development projects in 36 countries as of the end of 2010. By now, it has secured a reserve of around 1.63 billion barrels and production of around 176 thousand barrels of oil per day. The self-development rate for oil rose from 2.8% in 2006 to 7.4% in 2010. Not content with these remarkable successes, the korean government is planning to raise its self-development rate in oil to 25% by 2019, by promoting the active participation of Korean companies in overseas oil development projects. This paper is concerned with estimation of the required amount of government subsidies that includes loans and financial support through state-controlled banking institutions in order to reach the target 25% rate by 2019. The estimation results shows that government subsidies of at least 268 million dollars are needed for the current rate of 7.4% in oil. However, the amount sharply increases up to 1.25 billion dollars in 2019 when domestic oil demand rises to 1.02 billion barrels.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
• /
• v.26 no.2
• /
• pp.223-233
• /
• 2016

This study establishes a commercialization strategy for technology that can monitor and detect landslides in real time. An effective commercialization strategy was sought through both qualitative and quantitative analyses. The qualitative analysis considered the business environment in detail, while the quantitative analysis examined technologically strong and weak areas by visualizing the links between IPC (International Patent Classification) code structure and patent applicants. The results from both analyses are considered together, with particular attention paid to the business environment. The resulting integrated analysis comprehensively explores the degree of technological development and the current state of real-time monitoring and detection technology for landslides. The integrated analysis identified complementary assets in the business environment, as there is strong development and many research entities in this area. This suggests positive reinforcement for commercialization with two sub-strategies: (1) exploring demand with complementary assets, and (2) providing technology information for explored demand, which should facilitate successful commercialization. Exploiting this positive reinforcement for technology commercialization could reduce the high uncertainty of the technology and the market, and thus increase the probability of successful commercialization. It is also expected to contribute to long-term success by strengthening collaboration between the supply and demand sides.