• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.201-206
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• 2014

IL-33 is a member of the IL-1 cytokine family and plays a role in the host defense against bacteria, viruses, and fungi. In this study, we investigated the function of IL-33 and its receptor in in vitro macrophage responses to Candida albicans. Our results demonstrate that pre-sensitization of isolated peritoneal macrophages with IL-33 enhanced their pro-inflammatory cytokine production and phagocytic activity in response to C. albicans. These macrophage activities were entirely dependent on the ST2-MyD88 signaling pathway. In addition, pre-sensitization with IL-33 also increased ROS production and the subsequent killing ability of macrophages following C. albicans challenge. These results indicate that IL-33 may increase anti-fungal activity against Candida through macrophage-mediated resistance mechanisms.

• 한방비만학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.85-91
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• 2016

목적: 본 연구는 황금추출물이 과산화지질을 장기간 급여한 흰쥐의 지질대사, 산화반응 및 전염증성 cytokine의 생산에 미치는 영향을 검토하기 위해 수행되었다. 방법: 10주 동안 흰쥐에게 과산화지질을 과량으로 급여하여 생체 내에 과잉의 지질을 축적시킨 후, 황금추출물을 6주간 급여하였다. 그 후, 각 처리군별로 지질대사, 산화반응 및 전염성 cytokine의 생산에 미치는 영향을 조사했다. 결과: 혈액 내 유리지방산, 총지질, 총콜레스테롤, low density lipoprotein-cholesterol과 간장 내 총지질, 총콜레스테롤이 황금추출물 처리군에서 하락했다. 혈액 및 간장의 thiobarbituric acid 농도가 황금추출물 처리군에서 하락했다. 간장 내 항산화효소들(glutathione peroxidase, liver catalase, liver superoxide dismutase)의 활성치가 황금처리군에서 상승하였다. 전염증성 cytokine(interleukin $[IL]-1{\beta}$, tumor necrosis $factor-{\alpha}$, IL-6)의 농도는 황금추출물 처리군에서 하락했다. 반면에 IL-10의 농도는 황금추출물 처리군에서 증가했다. 결론: 이상의 결과들을 종합해 보면, 황금 추출물은 과산화지질을 급여한 비만쥐의 지질대사, 항산화반응 및 항염증반응에 긍정적인 효과를 나타내었음을 인식시켜 준다.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.267-273
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• 2014

This study found antibacterial activity of $DMfree^{(R)}$ [green tea extract] on facultative bacteria by direct petri dish method and gene array of obligatory M. leprae infected mesenchymal stem cells (MSC). While DMfree showed DPPH radical scavenging effect and high contents of polyphenol, it did not inhibit growth of facultative bacteria such as E. coli and S. aureus on the petri dish. The result does not exclude a possible antibacterial effect of organic solvent extract of green tea rather than DMfree which comes from the water extract of green tea. Pre-treatment of DMfree appeared to have no effect on copy number of 14 genes compared with control MSC by real-time RT-PCR. However pre-treatment of DMfree on M. leprae infected MSC revealed a significant decrease of anti-inflammatory cytokine (IL-6), (P<0.038) and sharp down-regulation of pro-inflammatory cytokine (IL-1). Enhanced expression of VEGFR-1 mRNA was noted in DMfree pretreated M. leprae infected MSC group (P<0.003). These results show that DMfree would stabilize M. leprae infected MSC from further inflammation by down-regulating anti-inflammatory cytokine (IL-6) and pro-inflammatory cytokine (IL-$1{\beta}$). This is the first report on DMfree inhibition of IL-6 and IL-$1{\beta}$ expression in M. leprae infected MSC. Further experiments that detect protein levels of IL-$1{\beta}$ and IL-6 may support the result of this gene array.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제57권2호
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• pp.101-115
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• 2019

The pathogenesis of cerebral malaria is biologically complex and involves multi-factorial mechanisms such as microvascular congestion, immunopathology by the pro-inflammatory cytokine and endothelial dysfunction. Recent data have suggested that a pleiotropic T-cell immunomodulatory protein (TIP) could effectively mediate inflammatory cytokines of mammalian immune response against acute graft-versus-host disease in animal models. In this study, we identified a conserved homologue of TIP in Plasmodium berghei (PbTIP) as a membrane protein in Plasmodium asexual stage. Compared with PBS control group, the pathology of experimental cerebral malaria (ECM) in rPbTIP intravenous injection (i.v.) group was alleviated by the downregulation of pro-inflammatory responses, and rPbTIP i.v. group elicited an expansion of regulatory T-cell response. Therefore, rPbTIP i.v. group displayed less severe brain pathology and feverish mice in rPbTIP i.v. group died from ECM. This study suggested that PbTIP may be a novel promising target to alleviate the severity of ECM.

• 한국융합학회논문지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.239-243
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• 2017

본 연구는 프랑킨센스를 이용하여 전염증성 사이토카인의 분비 억제 효과를 입증하고자한다. 이에 LPS를 처리한 마우스의 대식세포를 이용하여 $TNF-{\alpha}$, $IL-1{\beta}$와 같은 전염증성 사이토카인의 분비 변화를 살펴보기 위해 다자인하였다. 세포에 대한 독성 실험은 MTS인 CellTiter 96 AQueous One solution cell proliferation 시약을 이용하여 실시하였으며 전염증성 사이토카인의 분비는 ELISA kit을 사용하여 측정하였다. 그 결과 프랑킨센스는 10ug/ml-1000ug/ml에서 세포독성이 없었으며 전염증성 사이토카인인 $TNF-{\alpha}$, $IL-1{\beta}$생성을 유의성있게 억제시켰다. 전염증성 사이토카인의 분비 억제효과는 프랑킨센스의 항 염성을 입증하기 위한 기초적인 생리 활성 자료와 기능성 소재로 다양한 융합적인 활용이 가능하다고 사료된다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제51권4호
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• pp.323-329
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• 2018

만성 염증은 현대사회에서 다양한 질병을 유발하는 주요 원인으로 작용하기 때문에 항염증 활성을 가진 소재의 연구는 염증 관련 질병의 예방과 치료에 있어서 중요하다. 본 연구에서는 LPS에 의해 염증을 유도한 RAW 264.7 세포에서 제주왕지네 (Scolopendra subspinipes mutilans) 에탄올 추출물의 염증 조절 기전을 확인하여 항염증 소재로서의 가능성을 조사하였다. LPS에 의해 증가된 NO 생성과 iNOS 발현은 왕지네 추출물에 의해 감소되었고 pro-inflammatory cytokine으로 알려진 $IL-1{\beta}$, IL-6의 발현에서도 유사한 결과를 보였다. 왕지네 추출물은 LPS에 의해 유도된 $NF-{\kappa}B$의 핵으로의 전이와 $I{\kappa}B$의 분해를 동시에 억제하였고 $NF-{\kappa}B$ inhibitor의 처리는 NO 생성과 iNOS 발현을 더욱 억제하였다. 이상의 결과는 왕지네 추출물이 $NF-{\kappa}B$ 활성 조절을 통해 염증 반응의 지표로 사용되는 NO 생성 및 pro-inflammatory cytokine의 발현을 효과적으로 억제하여 항염 활성을 가진 소재로서의 가능성을 보여주는 것으로 염증에 의해 유발되는 다양한 질병을 효율적으로 제어하는 소재를 개발하는데 있어서 주요한 정보를 제공할 것으로 생각된다.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.1101-1111
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• 2003

Our study shows that EC extract has inhibitory effect on pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-1, IL-6, iNOS and COX2 in hFLSs. IL-1β, IL-6, iNOS and COX2 mRNA expression is suppressed at a low dasage (1㎍/ml) of EC extract. TNF-α was also suppressed at higher dosages (10 ㎍/ml, 100㎍/ml). EC extract also inhibited TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 production in pro-inflammatory cytokine stimulated-hFLSs. Expecially IL-1β(p<0.05) production are suppressed significantly. On the other hand, EC extract did not show any cytotoxicity. Thses data suggest that EC extract has anti-inflammatory effect mostly by inhibiting IL-1β production, and thus could be used to prevent or treat some inflammatory disease such as RA. It remains to be known what are the major components responsible for anti-inflammatory effect and what is the main mechanism.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.75-79
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• 2003

본 연구는 몽고 마유에서 pro-inflammatory cytokine(IL-l$\beta$, IL-6, TNF-a, IL-18)과 IL-1 receptor accessory를 Western blotting방법으로 확인하여 기능성 식품과 의약품 소재로 이 용하기 위한 기초 자료를 얻고자 실시하였다. 몽고 마유의 4개군 모두에서 IL-1, TNF-a가 17 kD에서 확인되었다. IL-18은 6~7 kD에서 확인할 수 있었다. 그리고, IL-1 receptor accessory를 55 kD에서 확인하였다. 그러나 탈지분유(Difco) 에서는 IL-l$\beta$, TNF-a를 확인할 수 없었으나, IL-6는 탈지분유(Difco) 및 몽고 마유에서 모두 60 kD에서 확인하였다. 이 와 같이 몽고 마유는 다양한 cytokine을 함유하고 있어서 기능성 식품 및 의약품 소재로 이용가치가 있다고 사료된다.

• 한국발생생물학회지:발생과생식
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.35-46
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• 2017

The process of spontaneous abortion involves a complex mechanism with various cytokines, growth factors, and hormones during the pregnancy. However, the mechanism underlying spontaneous abortion by pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in the serum during the pregnancy is not fully understood. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between the serum levels of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines and spontaneous abortion using the $CBA/j{\times}DBA/2$ mouse model. Serum levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as $IFN-{\gamma}$, $IL-1{\alpha}$ and $TNF-{\alpha}$ were not increased in abortion model mice, but anti-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-4, IL-13 and IL-1ra were decreased compared to normal pregnant mice. In addition, serum levels of chemokine, such as SDF-1, G-CSF, M-CSF, IL-16, KC and MCP-1 were decreased in abortion model mice compared to normal pregnant mice. However, the expression levels of nesfatin-1/NUCB2 mRNA and protein in the uteri of implantation sites were significantly higher in abortion model mice than normal pregnant mice. These results suggest that uterine nesfatin-1/NUCB2 expression may be down-regulated by inflammatory cytokines and chemokines in the serum of pregnant mice. Moreover, this study suggests the possibility that nesfatin-1/NUCB2 expressed in the implantation sites may be associated with the maintenance of pregnancy.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.60-66
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• 2012

Human skin is the first line of defense for the protection of the internal organs of the body from different stimuli. Ultraviolet B (UVB) irradiation induces skin damage and inflammation through the secretion of various cytokines, which are immune regulators produced by cells. To prevent the initiation of skin inflammation, keratinocytes that have been irreversibly damaged by radiation must be removed through the apoptotic mechanism. Ixeris dentata (family: Asteraceae) is a perennial medicinal herb indigenous to Korea. It has been used in Korea, China, and Japan to treat in digestion, pneumonia, diabetes, hepatitis, and tumors. To gain insight into the anti-inflammatory effects of I. dentata, we examined its influence on UVB-induced pro-inflammatory cytokine production in human keratinocytes (HaCaT cells), by observing cells that were stimulated with UVB in the presence or absence of I. dentata. In the present study, pro-inflammatory cytokine production was determined by performing enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, and western blot analysis to measure the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPKs). I. dentata inhibited UVBinduced production of the pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin (IL)-6 in a dose-dependent manner. Further, I. dentata inhibited the UVB-induced expression of cyclooxygenase (COX)-2. Furthermore, I. dentata inhibited the phosphorylation of c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase and p38 MAPKs, suggesting that it inhibits the secretion of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and IL-8, and COX-2 expression, by blocking MAPK phosphorylation. These results suggest that I. dentate can potentially protect against UVB-induced skin inflammation.