• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.123-131
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• 2015

Recently the development of ICT has a big impact on education field, and diffusion of smart devices has brought new education paradigm. Since people has an opportunity to use various contents anytime and communicate in an interactive way, the method of learning has changing. In 2011, Korean government has established the smart education promotion plan to be a first mover in the paradigm shift from e-learning to smart learning. Especially, government aimed to improve the quality of learning materials and method in public schools, and also to decrease the high expenditure on private education. However, the achievement of smart education policy has not emerged yet, and the refinement of smart learning policy and strategy is essential at this moment. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to propose the successful strategies for smart learning in public education. First, this study explores the status of public education and smart learning environment in Korea. Then, it derives the key success factors through SWOT(Strength, Weakness, Opportunity, Threat) analysis, and suggests strategic priorities through AHP(Analytic Hierarchy Priority) method. The interview and survey were conducted with total 20 teachers, who works in public schools. As a results, focusing on weakness-threat(WT) strategy is the most prior goal for public education, to activate the smart learning. As sub-factors, promoting the education programs for teachers($W_2$), which is still a weakness, appeared as the most important factor to be improved. The second sub-factor with high priority was an efficient optimizing the capability of new learning method($S_4$), which is a strength of systematic public education environment. The third sub-factor with high priority was the extension of limited government support($T_4$), which could be a threat to other public schools with no financial support. In other words, the results implicate that government institution factors should be considered with high priority to make invisible achievement in smart learning. This study is significant as an initial approach with strategic perspective for public education. While the limitation of this study is that survey and interview were conducted with only teachers. Accordingly, the future study needs to be analyzed in effectiveness and feasibility, by considering perspectives from field experts and policy makers.

• Korea Journal of Hospital Management
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.1-24
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to find out the differences and relationships among balanced strategy, coordinating and learning mechanism, and perceived performance of hospitals in Korea, and provide some directions to establish effective strategic management of hospital. Measure items on balanced strategy, coordinating and learning mechanism, and perceived performance were developed from previous studies. Questionnaire was sent and received through Internet site and e-mail during May, 2008. Data were collected from key informant in each institutions, and analyzed using frequency analysis, T-test, ANOVA, correlation and regression analysis. The major findings of this study were as follows: 1. The level of strategic selection and external learning mechanism of private hospital was lower than that of medical corporation, and others corporation hospital. 2. There was little difference between hospitals in metropolitan and those in small cities. 3. Hospitals that have under 100 beds were statistically lower level in strategic selection and external learning mechanism than hospitals has over 100 beds. 4. Formal coordinating and external learning mechanism, and foundation form(medical corporation) were significantly influenced on profitability from specialized field. 5. Strategic selection and adaptation mechanism were significantly affected on total profitability. 6. Strategic selection and external learning mechanism were significantly influenced on competitive power around its local market. Hospitals that are to be competitive by specialization should have to establish mechanism for management such as balanced strategy, coordinating and learning mechanism.

• Korea Trade Review
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.57-73
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• 2022

The process and change of convergence in the economy and industry with the development of digital technology and combining with new technologies is called Digital Transformation. Specifically, it refers to innovating existing businesses and services by utilizing information and communication technologies such as big data analysis, Internet of Things, cloud computing, and artificial intelligence. Digital transformation is changing the shape of business and has a wide impact on businesses and consumers in all industries. Among them, the big data and analytics market is emerging as one of the most important growth drivers of digital transformation. Integrating intelligent data into an existing business is one of the key tasks of digital transformation, and it is important to collect and monitor data and learn from the collected data in order to efficiently operate a data-based business. In developed countries overseas, research on new business models using various data accumulated at the level of government and private companies is being actively conducted. However, although the trade and import/export data collected in the domestic public sector is being accumulated in various types and ranges, the establishment of an analysis and utilization model is still in its infancy. Currently, we are living in an era of massive amounts of big data. We intend to discuss the value of trade big data possessed from the past to the present, and suggest a strategy to activate trade big data for trade digital transformation and a new direction for future trade big data research.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.45-61
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• 2023

The subject of this study is whether the relevant ordinances of Chungcheongnam-do's five local governments, operating intermediary support organizations for contracted-out community building, comply with the regional innovation and cooperative governance-based perspective. The examination results are summarized as follows. About the normative system: first, village building does not present that it is a participation- and cooperation-based collective activity of various related actors; second, the cooperative governance-based implementation system was not presented as a key term; third, "numerous relevant subjects' participation" and "democratic decision-making and cooperative promotion" are not presented as basic principles; fourth, the subjects are limited to residents and the administration, and only their responsibilities are presented. About the effectiveness system: first, the establishment of a master plan, a primary means, and the establishment of an in-charge department and collaboration system in the administration are presented as optional provisions; second, the nature of the relevant committees and intermediary support organizations is not presented as "public-private cooperation-based system"; third, the area of the function and authority of the relevant committees is limited to review and consultation. Fourth, the related information about the intermediary support organization structure and system, the establishment and operation of the secretariat, and the practical operation of the center is not presented. In sum, to make related ordinances become institutional grounds with stronger effectiveness, reconstructing them by strictly applying the perspectives of regional innovation and cooperative governance is necessary.

• Journal of Construction Engineering and Project Management
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.10-17
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• 2015

Consultant and owner play a very important role in the construction sector which is one of the main sectors in economic development. There are many stakeholders in a construction project including but not limited to: owner, consultant, contractor, subcontractor, and supplier. The consultant is the party who is to stay in close touch with the project owner, which both consultant and owner are considered as the main key stakeholders to make the project happen. It's not a simple task for a consultant to just implement the same style of management and control within various projects that are of a different background and character of owners. Thus, the adjusting plan management and control to the owner environment has been an essential technique to drive the project to success. The objective of this paper is to identify the significant management techniques for adjusting a plan of management and control to the owner environment in Thailand. The methodology is the identification throughout the analogous to abduction from literature review and our empirical observations of Future Engineering Consultants Co, Ltd. We have been in consultation for twenty-five years (25) in Thailand with 209 projects from both public and private owners. As a result, there are (1) Project management styles, (2) Personal style, (3) Owner expectation management, (4) Scope Management, (5) Time Management, (6) Cost Management, (7) Quality Management, and (8) Environmental Management. The input are: a clear defined goal, showing respect by giving good service, maintaining high quality, keeping in touch with owners, and resources. This would give the output of the project's success by meeting the owner's expectation and requirements.

• Proceedings of the Korean Operations and Management Science Society Conference
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• 2003.05a
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• pp.312-319
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• 2003

In late 90s, organizations recognized the information technology as an key enabler of the business strategic accomplishment which lead them heavy increment on IT investment. These organizations tried to hold the competitive advantage by focusing on their core competency. And these acts raise their interests on IT outsourcing. Recent trends of the organizations concern on evaluating the effectiveness of the previous IT investment and the reasonable selection on IT investment type. Also, the objective evaluation of the service level and continuous improvement are major concern of the outsourcer. Consequently, interests on Service Level Agreement (SLA), an immanence operating tool for managing the level of the information system service objectively and qualitatively, were raised among IT outsourcing service providers, outsourcers, and operating departments. Yet, only a few domestic conglomerates adopted the SLA, and exact usage of the SLA is currently unknown. Because of the importance of the SLA between a service provider and an outsourcer, the agreement is treated with high confidentiality. This raised the problems to both the private and public organizations, are considering the SLA, with absence of concrete guide line to internalize SLA management process. This study provides the organizational and environmental factors of the adopting and applying the Service Level Agreement (SLA) by conducting multiple case research. The sampled companies are currently implementing the SLA over 1 year of usage period. Factors were used to provide the operational contribution for implementing the SLA. The study also provides the effects on IT performance through the SLA. For this, in depth interview was conducted for each sampled company. As a result, if SLA between outsourcer and service provider can be used as an immanence operation tool and actively implemented, SLA will be an strategic tool for various decision making in IT management practice with long term relationship, better shared partnership, and continuous service improvement.

• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.264-276
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to propose HACCP system implementation properly and to secure the food safety of school foodservices in Pohang city since the proper facilities and equipment should be key factors in food safety and production. So this study was designed to evaluate existing equipment in food production area, receiving and dining area, and employee facilities. Questionnaire was mailed to 107 school foodservice dietitians in Pohang area and 97 were responded (90.7% response rate). Approximately sixty percent of foodservices were not available separate receiving or polluted area, fifty one percent were installed screen door for insecticidal and temperature and humidity control, and these environmental conditions were hard to keep kitchen dry and sanitary condition. Usually public schools were better equipped than private schools. Forty three percent of school foodservice had initial use of non-foodservice, opened before 1994, and thirty three percent of elementary school foodservice. Among employee facilities, hand washing sanitation stand was prepared seventy nine percent (78.9%) of school foodservices. Dietitians chose outworn equipment and facilities (30.9%), difficulties of maintaining standard temperature and humidity for foodservice (20.6%), lacking separate receiving or polluted area (13.4%), indirect contamination of water hoss (10.3%), and lacking employee facilities (10.3%) as critical points to correct in school foodservice. Therefore governmental regulating agencies must review and approval of plans prior to new construction or extensive remodeling of school foodservice facilities. In addition to these requirement, plan must be set-up step by step to implement HACCP system properly.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.19-31
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• 2012

The main objectives of this research are to compile all the researches published in the registered academic journals to study the trends of researches and analyze the relationships between research contents and the social factors so that the accomplishments of community related researches and future tasks can be identified. For this purpose, 97 papers published between 1973 and July 2011 were chronologically organized and analyzed in terms of research methods, main contents, and their relationship with social factors. The key findings are as follows; 1) Researches on multi-family-housing community started in 1973 mainly focusing on the social factors of neighbors in a complex; since 2000, however, the researches on physical factors were increased the most followed by psychological and social factors accordingly. 2) The research findings were not fully developed to give a guidance for appropriate space programs or an analysis of residents' preference on facilities. The cause of this shortfall is due to the fact that there was a lack of studies on residents' usage of community facilities based on quantified database. 3) More comprehensive researches should be conducted in the future for vitalizations of community through facility supply system and design guidelines, development and operation of community programs and measures to enhance community awareness targeted on public housing and more diverse types of housing being apart from typical multi-family-houisng provide by private sector.

• Journal of Information Technology Services
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.83-98
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• 2017

Broadcasting telecommunication convergence service means a service where broadcasting and telecommunication converge. Recently with the advancement of technology, broadcasting telecommunication convergence service has been evolving to provide multimedia contents through various devices including wired and wireless network environment. Up to now, IPTV and smartphone-based convergence services have been dominant, but more developed and evolved technology and media will appear in the future. In order to derive the next generation broadcasting telecommunication convergence service supporting model, this study derives an evaluation model of broadcasting telecommunication convergence service and presents a case of evaluation of 30 demonstration projects supported by the Korean government from 2010 to 2014. In this study, we derive an evaluation model and evaluate the demonstration projects by reflecting the position of the main stake holders of service such as users, experts, and related organizational institutions, away from the existing simple service evaluation method. Expert questionnaire used AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process) method, and the evaluation results were divided into upper and lower groups to provide key implications by a gap analysis. From this analysis this study suggests guidelines for next generation broadcasting telecommunication service support projects. The next generation broadcasting convergence service business should be based on open platform type in terms of service type. In terms of service media, it should be centered on open devices such as smart phones and smart TVs. In terms of types of business responsibilities, it should be led by public organizations and it is necessary to increase the fund matching ratio by at least 62% when the private sector participates.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.430-448
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• 2011

This study analyzes the stereotyped femininity with a focus on body codes, which has been continuously expressed in fashion illustrations from the late $19^{th}$ century to the year 2010, and examines the changes in its meaning. Stereotyped femininity was reorganized by the changes in female sex role effected by social changes, as well as by the body discourse and feminism in the late $20^{th}$ century, These socio-cultural backgrounds led to the change in the meaning of stereotyped women expressed in fashion illustrations. The stereotyped women in fashion illustrations are characterized by gender-oriented body, and the typical image of women was reproduced with the marks of poses and looks that feature passiveness and subordination. Then, the gender-oriented body since 1990's shifted to active meaning that positively revealed sexual desire. The space positioned by women is also the symbol of gender. In line with changes over time, the backgrounds in fashion illustrations have changed from private space such as home and nature to public space such as city, which reflects diversification and expansion of space for women. This study has identified the changes in meaning, based on the analysis of the characteristics of stereotyped women expressed in fashion illustrations. Above all, women who were objectified as a subject by dominant discourse have established the concept of active body as an entity. In addition, the symbol of typical femininity is "slim" and "beauty", which reflects the change from the emphasis on childbirth-related femininity to self-control and conquer. On the other hand, the typical features expressed through body have reproduced dichotomous structure, but the emergence of body and background deviated from gender has reorganized the symbolic order of gender.