• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.33-43
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• 2010

The objective of this paper is to analyze expenditure structures and impact factors of household's transportation cost in order to provide policy-maker with quantitative and economic information for reducing household's transportation costs, using 1995-2007 household survey data. For this purpose, this study performed various economic analysis, including econometric regression analysis and income re-distributional effects. The four models were separately estimated with dependent variable (personal and public costs, public transit and private car costs) and independent variables (family, employ, age, education, cars, household income, region dummy variable). In addition, We analyzes impacts of transport policy instruments on the transportation expenditure. These instruments include changes of oil price and public transit fare, reform of public transport system, and extension of subway facilities. Finally, income re-distributional effects before and after transportation expenditure, using Pechman-Okner (PO) index and Wolfson index.

• Journal of National Security and Military Science
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• s.9
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• pp.313-340
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• 2011

The National Defense Reformation bill of "National Defense Reformation 2020" which have been constantly disputed and reformed by the government went through various levels of complementary measures after the North Korean sinking on the Republic of Korea (ROK) Naval Vessel "Cheonan". The final outcome of this reform is also known as the 307 Plan and this was announced on the 8th March. The reformed National Defense Reformation is to reduce the number of units and military personnel under the military structure reformation. However, in order for us to undertake successful National Defense Reformation, the use of privatized civilian resources are essential. Therefore according to this theory, the ROK Ministry of National Defense (MND) have selected the usage of privatized resources as one of the main core agenda for the National Defense Reformation management procedures, and under this agenda the MND plans to further expand the usage of private Especially the MND plans to minimize the personnel resources applied in non-combat areas and in turn use these supplemented personnel with optimization. In order to do this, the MND have initiated necessary appropriate analysis over the whole national defense section by understanding various projects and acquisition requests required by each militaries and civilian research institutions. However for efficient management of privatized civilian resources, first of all, those possible efficient private resources which can achieve optimization will need to be identified, and secondly continuous systematic reinforcements will need to be made in private resource usage legislations. Furthermore, we would need to consider the possibility of labor disputes because of privatization expansion. Therefore, full legal and systematic complementary measures are required in all possible issue arising areas which can affect the combat readiness posture. There is another problem of huge increase in operational expenses as reduction of standby forces are only reducing the number of soldiers and filling these numbers with more cost expensive commissioned officers. However, to overcome this problem, we would need to reduce the number of positions available for active officers and fill these positions with military reserve personnel who previously had working experiences with the related positions (thereby guaranteeing active officers re-employment after completing active service). This would in tum maintain the standards of combat readiness posture and reduce necessary financial budgets which may newly arise. The area of maintenance, supply, transportation, training & education duties which are highly efficient when using privatized resources, will need to be transformed from military management based to civilian management based system. For maintenance, this can be processed by integrating National Maintenance Support System. In order for us to undertake this procedure, we would need to develop maintenance units which are possible to be privatized and this will in turn reduce the military personnel executing job duties, improve service quality and prevent duplicate investments etc. For supply area, we will need to establish Integrated Military Logistics Center in-connection with national and civilian logistics system. This will in turn reduce the logistics time frame as well as required personnel and equipments. In terms of transportation, we will need to further expand the renting and leasing system. This will need to be executed by integrating the National Defense Transportation Information System which will in turn reduce the required personnel and financial budgets. Finally for training and education, retired military personnel can be employed as training instructors and at the military academy, further expansion in the number of civilian professors can be employed in-connection with National Defense Reformation. In other words, more active privatized civilian resources will need to be managed and used for National Defense Reformation.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.293-299
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• 2021

The purpose of this study was to investigate the perception of the quality of school meals by parents of kindergarten children in Seoul, analyze the acceptance price and the optimal school meal cost using PSM (price sensitivity measurement) techniques, and provide basic data for improving the quality of kindergarten meals. The survey was conducted using descriptive statistics and PSM analysis of the responses of 1,272 parents of 779 kindergarten children belonging to the Seoul Metropolitan Office of Education from April to May 2021 and prior research analysis related to kindergarten meals. 74.1% of the parents surveyed were women, with 61% of children attending kindergartens attached to elementary schools, followed by private kindergartens (28.9%) and public kindergartens (10.1%). According to a study of the quality of meals, private kindergarten parents are highly satisfied with all the quality attributes of meals, such as "sanitation of dining environment" and "nutritionally balanced food" (p<0.001, p<0.01). The analysis of the acceptance price range and the optimal price for school meals showed that there was no significant variation based on the type of kindergarten establishment, with parents' acceptance price range ranging from 3,596 won to 4,454 won with an optimal price of 3,948 won.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.17 no.8
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• pp.2124-2139
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• 2023

In this article, the authors focus on the use of smart CCTV, a combnation of biometric recognition technology and AI algorithms. In fact, the advancements in relevant technologies brought a significant increase in the use of biometric information - fingerprint, retina, iris or facial recognition - across diverse sectors. Both the public and private sectors, with the developments of biometric technology, widely adopt and use an individual's biometric information for different reasons. For instance, smartphone users highly count on biometric technolgies for the purpose of security. Public and private orgazanitions control an access to confidential information-controlling facilities with biometric technology. Biometric infomration is known to be unique and immutable in the course of one's life. Given the uniquness and immutability, it turned out to be as reliable means for the purpose of authentication and verification. However, the use of biometric information comes with cost, posing a privacy issue. Once it is leaked, there is little chance to recover damages resulting from unauthorized uses. The governments across the country fully understand the threat to privacy rights with the use of biometric information and AI. The EU and the United States amended their data protection laws to regulate it. South Korea aligned with them. Yet, the authors point out that Korean data aprotection law still requires more improvements to minimize a concern over privacy rights arising from the wide use of biometric information. In particular, the authors stress that it is necessary to amend Section (2) of Article 23 of PIPA to reflect the concern by changing the basis for permitting the processing of sensitive information from 'the Statutes' to 'the Acts'.

• Journal of The Korean Association of Information Education
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.383-391
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• 2009

The goal of cyber teaching is to reduce the cost of private lessons, dissipate the educational disparity amongst regions, make classes apt to the given level of every group of students, make up for systematic defects of the public education, and ultimately strengthen its role. This study intends to analyze the capabilities of cyber teachers and clarify their qualifications, as the whole new e-Learning system is about to take root. In this study, the activities of cyber teachers are analyzed and some standards of applicability of cyber teachers, or the so-called ISSCT, are presented. Firstly, the activities are divided into teaching, counselling, process management, development of professionality. Based upon these four activities, nine tasks have been formed and the structure of 22 sub-tasks has been completed. This is the way the standards of applicability of cyber teachers are established in consideration with their activities. Secondly, the standards of information capability of cyber teachers have 53 elements in total, and the aforementioned ISSCT are presented in relation to the ISST, based upon the standards of information capability of cyber teachers.

• Management & Information Systems Review
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.1-19
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• 2014

This Study focuses on the university students' job attitude and cost of employment preparation. Nowadays, many university and college students spend a big money improving their employment preparation such as studying on foreign language, getting various kinds of certificates and tooth correction, clothing etc. for employment interview. This study investigated the cost of employment preparation and Job attitude of the 484 students of universities and colleges, the analysis of the collected data was conducted with SPSS 12.0 program by using frequency analysis, factor analysis, reliability assessment, correlation test, t-test, one way ANOVA. The university students paid more costs of employment preparation such as a language training abroad, a private training, and clothing than the college students. Also, Allied social science students paid more costs of the language training abroad, and clothing than allied computer science and allied design students. The female students paid more money than male students for tooth correction. The costs of language training abroad, private training and clothing are affected the students' socioeconomic background of a home. Regarding the job attitude of students, the university students are feeling more positive than the college students of the employment efficacy and cognition of the education environment. As result, the differences in the cost of employment preparation by the university type, faculty major course, their sex, and socioeconomic background of a home. The student's employment-efficacy and cognition of the education environment are also differences between the university and the college students. So, to improve the job attitude, developing their ability for employment preparation, educational programs should be arranged in school and continuous researches are needed.

• International conference on construction engineering and project management
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• 2013.01a
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• pp.252-259
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• 2013

Building Information Modeling (BIM) is utilizing CAD technology in a way that ultimately ties all the components of a building together as objects imbedded with information, and has been changing the way we design and build over the last 20-30 years. In Polytechnic Institute of NYU, there are four BIM courses offered which provide students with different levels of knowledge regarding BIM Technique, BIM Standards, BIM Guideline and Roadmap for Private and Public Implementation, BIM Application in Real Projects, the Cooperation of BIM and IPD for Public Works in New York City. With advanced BIM technology, BIM's integration into the construction process and its incorporation into project delivery systems, especially Integrated Project Delivery (IPD) are the bridges between technology, industry and research. This paper presents an integrated BIM curriculum with three modules: 1) BIM functions and Bid Preparation; 2) Time-Cost Trade-off Analysis; and 3) Problems Solving in BIM/IPD Environment. In this project-based curriculum developed by the common efforts of academia, public agency and industry, the objectives are: (1) to provide the information and skills needed to successfully implement BIM into the construction phase; (2) to identify BIM's role in construction and the project delivery system; (3) to develop a module in conjunction with leading BIM into project delivery system, particularly coordination between BIM and IPD; (4) to connect technology and research into industry. The course assessment was conducted and the results indicate that it is a successful reform in construction management education.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.36
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• pp.349-386
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• 2013

This research analyzes and evaluates The Korean Security Industry Law(TKSIL) putting the regulation of the present government about the private security industry. It nowadays becomes the important axis of the police services offered in the aspect of 'the national life safety' in connection with 'the materialization of society which is safe from the crime'. TKSIL is one of the national administration strategies which Park Gun-hye government aims on supervision policy. After seeking out the core values of the private security industrial policy which sets up in order to approach the national life safety which Park Gun-hye government aims, we make some assessments of this revised security industry law systematically. Particularly all keynote of policy about the private security of the police tried to be confirmed and the desirable direction of policy tries to be presented as to the security industry law application and real operation. In the site of organized civil complaint, the revised security industry law was revised as the direction which intensifies the administrative regulation as to the partial regulation such as it established the reason of the introduction of the arrangement license system. And grounds for disqualification of security instructor and guard, and rules of punishment is intensified order to intercept previously illegal and violent act of the security company etc. However it has the feature that it accomplishes 'the law principle(principle of statute)' the substantial portion through the effort of them changing a lot the content for the form of the law when being the clauses of the fundamental human rights limit, although it has been prescribed in "the security industry law enforcement ordinance" or "the security industry law enforced regulation". The security industry law revised this time brought from the change of the sharp policy through the revision of 17 clauses or new establishment. It can divide into 4 categorizes. (1) strictness of punishment in the site of organized civil complaint (2) Intensification of throwing out for the violation person in the private security business market time-limitedly (3) Intensification of the legal guide supervision power of police (4) upstream of the capital, name tag attachment under compulsion and the limit about other equipment use etc. Essentially "the security industry law" cannot help regulating the national interference of the private security and regulation with this content. However as to this interference and regulation, the limit has to be possible within reasonable range. As the history proved, excessive regulation by the country is not only due to bring the distortion of the security system of nation but also provoke national social cost. It can't be disregards ever that it premises the harmony which appropriate as well as reasonable in the socio-economic dimension for drawing the best combination that all things which get the compulsory education, it limits the person providing the private security service to the corporation, or it limits to the certificate of qualification holder are the ultimate for 'the safety of the national life'.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.51-57
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• 2020

Currently, High-efficient video coding (HEVC) has become the most promising video coding technology. However, the implementation of HEVC in video streaming systems is restricted by factors such as cost, design complexity, and compatibility with existing systems. While HEVC is considering deploying to various systems with different reached methods, H264/AVC can be one of the best choices for current video streaming systems. This paper presents an adaptive method for manipulating video streams using video coding on an integrated circuit (IC) designed with a private network processor. The proposed system allows to transfer multimedia data from cameras or other video sources to client. For this work, a series of video or audio packages from the video source are forwarded to the designed IC via HDMI cable, called Tx transmitter. The Tx processes input data into a real-time stream using its own protocol according to the Real-Time Transmission Protocol for both video and audio, then Tx transmits output packages to the video client though internet. The client includes hardware or software video/audio decoders to decode the received packages. Tx uses H264/AVC or HEVC video coding to encode video data, and its audio coding is PCM format. By handling the message exchanges between Tx and the client, the transmitted session can be set up quickly. Output results show that transmission's throughput can be achieved about 50 Mbps with approximately 80 msec latency.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.81-89
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• 2011

Medication adherence is an important public health issue. This study is conducted to explore non-adherence of elderly with hypertension and/or diabetes mellitus and to better understand its' influencing factors. To explore non-adherence, 605 elderly patients in community were surveyed with Modified Morisky Scale (MMS), from Aug 18 to Sept 19, 2008. MMS is designed to predict medication-taking behavior and outcomes, and also to explain persistence of the patient's long-term continuation of therapy, which is a significant factor in the long-term management of chronic diseases. Also, MMS is designed to classify patients into a high/low continuum for knowledge and motivation. Patients self reported medication adherence were average 4.66 with MMS (range 0-6), only 78% of patients hold high motivation of medication adherence although 95.5% of patients hold high knowledge of medication adherence. This study explores which factors influence to high motivation of medication adherence and it proved that patients' participation in work, education level, participation in private health insurance, number of medication and medication frequency per day, pharmacists' explanation, experience of non adherence due to cost are important factors to explain high motivation of medication adherence of elderly with hypertension and/or diabetes mellitus.