• Title/Summary/Keyword: Private brand

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Marketing strategy and the current status of Global SPA Brands

  • Kim, Mi-Kyung
    • Journal of Fashion Business
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    • v.14 no.3
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    • pp.35-51
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    • 2010
  • This study aims at providing data for establishing a marketing strategy which can enhance the competitiveness of Korea domestic SPA(Specialty Store Retailer of Private Label Apparel) Brands by suggesting countermeasure strategy through the observation and analysis for SPA Brands, under the current circumstance in which the systematic and scholastic discussion for the matter, is lack, despite the diastrophism in fashion industry is prospected according to the rapid growth of Global SPA Brands. For this purpose, the characteristic and current status of Global SPA Brands is examined, and the main cause of growth is analyzed by approaching to their marketing characteristic, in this study. In relation with this situation, this study suggests the provisions as below, which are drawn from the analysis on Global SPA Brands' marketing strategy, so that Korea domestic SPA Brands could achieve successive performance under fierce competition. First, to be a competitive SPA Brands a business should be able to supply products with frequent product turnover by an interval level of one week or so, the existent product planning by seasons, as a business obtains various swift informations on consumers' demand with R&D center foundation. Secondly, SPA Brands should establish a strategy that a business can create high net profit by inventory management which enables lowering inventory ratio remarkably, and a strategy for innovative product supply by small quantity batch production, along with founding a high technological logistics system. Third, SPA Brands should establish a strategy for primary cost reduction by overseas dispersed outsourcing in order to enable diverse product development and rational price setting. Fourth, fashion marketers should establish also a strategy for communication by which brand image can be delivered effectively, by firming the brand identity and by informing product characteristic and customer service totally, with the method of VMD and flagship store. Additionary, fashion marketers also should establish a strategy by developing mobile application which can provide brand image and diverse other fashion related information.

Comparison between Clothing Sizing Systems of Korean and Foreign SPA Brands for Clothing Size Satisfaction of Tall Women in their Twenties

  • Kim, Hye Suk;Kim, So Hyun;Choi, Han Ra;Nam, Yun Ja
    • Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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    • v.17 no.3
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    • pp.405-420
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    • 2015
  • The purpose of this study is to identify the differences between clothing size satisfaction and clothing sizing systems of Korean and foreign SPA (specialty retailer of private label apparel) brands according to height group, and provide foundation material that can be used to establish product strategy from the perspective of Korean SPA brand clothing sizes in order to secure competitiveness in the international market. Satisfaction of tall women in their twenties with the clothing sizes of SPA brands was researched, and t-test was conducted to examine differences between clothing size satisfaction of Korean and foreign SPA brands between the two height groups. Then, differences in the size minimum and maximum values, size ranges, size intervals and size numbers between clothing sizing systems of Korean and foreign SPA brands were researched and comparatively analyzed. Existing clothing sizes need to make improvements considering the lengths and shoulder width of tall consumers. And Korean SPA brands need to diversify the range and number of sizes in the clothing sizing system, and set a separate tall-size group, or apply the relationship between vertical and horizontal sizes of clothing to establish a clothing sizing system. A product strategy that applies the results of this study will solve the clothing size dissatisfaction of tall female consumers and stimulate sales of Korean SPA brand clothing products. The study has value in that it extracted realistic problems by researching clothing sizing systems of products that are actually sold.

Domestic co-branded operating status and activation strategies (국내 공동브랜드 운영현황과 활성화 전략)

  • Kim, Koosung;Yu, Seung Yeob
    • Journal of Digital Convergence
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    • v.11 no.3
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    • pp.189-197
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    • 2013
  • Weak competitive Small Business are getting attention for their ability to enhance the brand power and marketing co-brand. Under these circumstances, in this study examined the operational status of the domestic co-branded. Also enable co-branding strategy was proposed. First, learn the various aspects of the concept of co-branding, and looked at the advantages and disadvantages of co-branding. Second, the type of co-branded partner combined, joint venture between companies Union type, a leading company driven and private companies and state agencies co-branded. Looked at the type of advantages and disadvantages of each. Thirdly, we presented the current status of the important co-branded domestic. Fourth, we examined the status of the Small and Medium Business Administration supports a co-branded Examined in detail by year look at the status of support for this type of co-branded Industry Distribution and co-branded interrupted. Finally, the short-term aspects and long-term perspective on the domestic co-brand activation strategy based on these materials are presented. The results of this study is expected to be the foundation of domestic co-branded business in the future to explore the ways to improve the system of government support will help to raise.

The Effects of Perceived Quality Factors on the Customer Loyalty: Focused on the Analysis of Difference between PB and NB (지각된 품질요인이 고객충성도에 미치는 영향: PB와 NB간의 차이분석)

  • Ye, Jong-Suk;Jun, So-Yon
    • Journal of Distribution Research
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    • v.15 no.2
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    • pp.1-34
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    • 2010
  • Introduction As consumers' purchase behavior change into a rational and practical direction, the discount store industry came to have keen competition along with rapid external growth. Therefore as a solution, distribution businesses are concentrating on developing PB(Private Brand) which can realize differentiation and profitability at the same time. And as improvement in customer loyalty beyond customer satisfaction is effective in surviving in an environment with keen competition, PB is being used as a strategic tool to improve customer loyalty. To improve loyalty among PB users, it is necessary to develop PB by examining properties of a customer group, first of all, quality level perceived by consumers should be met to obtain customer satisfaction and customer trust and consequently induce customer loyalty. To provide results of systematic analysis on relations between antecedents influenced perceived quality and variables affecting customer loyalty, this study proposed a research model based on causal relations verified in prior researches and set 16 hypotheses about relations among 9 theoretical variables. Data was collected from 400 adult customers residing in Seoul and the Metropolitan area and using large scale discount stores, among them, 375 copies were analyzed using SPSS 15.0 and Amos 7.0. The findings of the present study followed as; We ascertained that the higher company reputation, brand reputation, product experience and brand familiarity, the higher perceived quality. The study also examined the higher perceived quality, the higher customer satisfaction, customer trust and customer loyalty. The findings showed that the higher customer satisfaction and customer trust, the higher customer loyalty. As for moderating effects between PB and NB in terms of influences of perceived quality factors on perceived quality, we can ascertain that PB was higher than NB in the influences of company reputation on perceived quality while NB was higher than PB in the influences of brand reputation and brand familiarity on perceived quality. These results of empirical analysis will be useful for those concerned to do marketing activities based on a clearer understanding of antecedents and consecutive factors influenced perceived quality. At last, discussions about academical and managerial implications in these results, we suggested the limitations of this study and the future research directions. Research Model and Hypotheses Test After analyzing if antecedent variables having influence on perceived quality shows any difference between PB and NB in terms of their influences on them, the relation between variables that have influence on customer loyalty was determined as Figure 1. We established 16 hypotheses to test and hypotheses are as follows; H1-1: Perceived price has a positive effect on perceived quality. H1-2: It is expected that PB and NB would have different influence in terms of perceived price on perceived quality. H2-1: Company reputation has a positive effect on perceived quality. H2-2: It is expected that PB and NB would have different influence in terms of company reputation on perceived quality. H3-1: Brand reputation has a positive effect on perceived quality. H3-2: It is expected that PB and NB would have different influence in terms of brand reputation on perceived quality. H4-1: Product experience has a positive effect on perceived quality. H4-2: It is expected that PB and NB would have different influence in terms of product experience on perceived quality. H5-1: Brand familiarity has a positive effect on perceived quality. H5-2: It is expected that PB and NB would have different influence in terms of brand familiarity on perceived quality. H6: Perceived quality has a positive effect on customer satisfaction. H7: Perceived quality has a positive effect on customer trust. H8: Perceived quality has a positive effect on customer loyalty. H9: Customer satisfaction has a positive effect on customer trust. H10: Customer satisfaction has a positive effect on customer loyalty. H11: Customer trust has a positive effect on customer loyalty. Results from analyzing main effects of research model is shown as

    , and moderating effects is shown as
    . Results This study is designed with 16 research hypotheses, Results from analyzing their main effects show that 9 of 11 hypotheses were supported and other 2 hypotheses were rejected. On the other hand, results from analyzing their moderating effects show that 3 of 5 hypotheses were supported and other 2 hypotheses were rejected. H1-1: (SPC: Standardized Path Coefficient)=-0.04, t-value=-1.04, p>. 05). H1-2: (${\Delta}\chi^2$=1.10, df=1, p> 0.05). H1-1 and H1-2 are rejected, so it is prove that perceived price is not a significant decision variable having influence on perceived quality and there is no significant variable between PB and NB in terms of influence of perceived price on perceived quality. H2-1: (SPC=0.31, t-value=3.74, p<. 001). H2-2: (${\Delta}\chi^2$=3.93, df=1, p< 0.05). H2-1 and H2-2 are supported, so it is proved that company reputation is a significant decision variable having influence on perceived quality and, in terms of influence of company reputation on perceived quality, PB has relatively stronger influence than NB. H3-1: (SPC=0.26, t-value=5.30, p< .001). H3-2: (${\Delta}\chi^2$=16.81, df=1, p< 0.01). H3-1 and H3-2 are supported, so it is proved that brand reputation is a significant decision variable having influence on perceived quality and, in terms of influence of brand reputation on perceived quality, NB has relatively stronger influence than PB. H4-1: (SPC=0.31, t-value=2.65, p< .05). H4-2: (${\Delta}\chi^2$=1.26, df=1, p> 0.05). H4-1 is supported, but H4-2 is rejected, Therefore, it is proved that product experience is a significant decision variable having influence on perceived quality and, on the other hand, there is no significant different between PB and NB in terms of influence of product experience on product quality. H5-1: (SPC=0.24, t-value=3.00, p<. 05). H5-2: (${\Delta}\chi^2$=5.10, df=1, p< 0.05). H5-1 and H5-2 are supported, so it is proved that brand familiarity is a significant decision variable having influence on perceived quality and, in terms of influence of brand familiarity on perceived quality, NB has relatively stronger influence than PB. H6: (SPC=0.91, t-value=19.06, p< .001). H6 is supported, so a fact that customer satisfaction increases as perceived quality increases is proved. H7: (SPC=0.81, t-value=7.44, p<. 001). H7 is supported, so a fact that customer trust increases as perceived quality increases is proved. H8: (SPC=0.57, t-value=7.87, p< .001). H8 is supported, so a fact that customer loyalty increases as perceived quality increases is proved. H9: (SPC=0.08, t-value=0.76, p> .05). H9 is rejected, so it is proved influence of customer satisfaction on customer trust is not significant. H10: (SPC=0.21, t-value=4.34, p< .001). H10 is supported, so a fact that customer loyalty increases as customer satisfaction increases is proved. H11: (SPC=0.40, t-value=5.68, p< .001). H11 is supported, so a fact that customer loyalty increases as customer trust increases is proved. Implications Although most of existing studies have used function, price, brand, design, service, brand name, store name as antecedent variables for perceived quality, this study used different antecedent variables in order to analyze and distinguish purchase group PB and NB through preliminary research. Therefore, this study may be used as preliminary data for a empirical study that is designed to be helpful for practical jobs. Also, this study is made to be easily applied to any practical job because SEM(Structural Equation Modeling), most strongly explaining the relation between observed variable and latent variable, is used for this study. This study suggests a new strategic point that, in order to increase customer loyalty, customer's perceived quality level should satisfied for inducing customer satisfaction, customer trust, and customer loyalty. Therefore, after finding an effective differentiating factors in perceived quality in order to increase customer loyalty through increasing perceived quality, this factor was made to be applied to PB and NB. Because perceived quality factors which is recognized as being important by consumers is different between PB and NB, this study suggests how to efficiently establish marketing strategy by enhancing a factor. Companies have mostly focused on profitability in terms of analyzing customer loyalty, but this study included positive WOM(word of mouth). Hence, this study suggests that it would be helpful for establishing customer loyalty when consumers have cognitive satisfaction and emotional satisfaction together. Limitations This study used variables perceived price, company reputation, brand reputation, product experience, brand familiarity in order to determine whether each constituent factor has different influence on perceived quality between purchase group PB and NB. These characteristic variables are made up on the basis of the preliminary research, but it is expected that more precise research result would be obtained if additional various variables are included in study. This study selected a practical product that is non-durable, low-priced and bestselling product in a discount store through the preliminary research because it can be easily estimated by consumers. Therefore. generalization of study would be more easily obtained if more various product characteristics is included. Regarding a sample used in this study, it was only based on consumers who purchase products in a large-scale discount store located in Seoul and in the capital area. Accordingly, this sample has some geographical limitation, If a study is expanded by including more areas, more representative research results may be produced. Because this study is only designed to analyze consumers who purchase a product in a large-scale discount store, some difference may be found according to characteristics of each business type. In other words, there is certainly some application limitation, so research result from this study may not be applied to other business types. Future research may have fruitful results if it adjusts a variable to each business type.

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  • Research of the local cultural brand by analyzing the case of Honggildong cultual content business strategy (홍길동 문화콘텐츠사업 사례분석을 통한 지역문화 브랜드화 전략 연구)

    • Shim, Jae-Kwang;Lee, Sang-Gil;Kim, Kyoung-Soo
      • Journal of Digital Contents Society
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      • v.11 no.4
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      • pp.479-486
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      • 2010
    • A lot of local governments are trying to develop and brand the regional unique resources as a digital contents because of focusing on the intangible value of it's culture and economy of cultural industry. But every cultual contents business is not always successful. It must be successful on the condition that the cooperation of local government including citizens and private company's participation should make this business a good model of continuous potential growth power. The most important factor of it's business will be the realization of stable plan based on the design of business and carefully throughout plan. The other key factors are the analysis of the objective source and current market demands, the development of contents and story telling. Also the development of strategy of the content including OSMD(One-Source Multi-Device) and OSMU(One-Source Multi-Use) through the step analysis of the result must take into consideration. With the help of analyzing the successful cultural model "Honggildong cultual content business in Jangseong, Jeonnam" which is the representative case of OSMD and OSMU, this study attempts to suggest the successful strategy of regional culture resource brand. In order to provide a typical approach to the local government and cultural content industry which is trying to brand the regional cultual resource, this study researches the analysis of the development of Honggildong cultural resources and it's process step by step which was already finished it's first business stage.

    The Impact of Congruity between Country-of -Origin of Brand and Country-of-Origin of Production on Consumers' Product Preference (상표 원산지와 생산 원산지의 일치성이 제품 선호도에 미치는 영향)

    • Hwang, Byung-Il;Kim, Beom-Jong
      • Korean Business Review
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      • v.15
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      • pp.133-152
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      • 2002
    • The objective of this study examines that a country-of-origin and a congruity between country-of-origin of brand and country-of-origin of production effect on consumers' product preference respectively. To test this hypothesis, we used stimulus material including product photos with brand and its production description. Nation selected for study is defined as developed country, Korea, underdeveloped country, and tape record, sports shoes, and cosmetic, tissue is selected, they have characteristics with thinking vs feeling, level of involvement, private vs public. The result of analysis show that the effects of country-of-origin on product preference is different over country. The product of developed country is preferred by subjective, and following Korea, underdeveloped country. This result imply that country-of-origin effect on consumers' product preference and product evaluation positively. And we found that the degree of congruity between country-of-origin of brand and country-of-origin of production has very substantial impact on product quality judgement and product preference above and beyond brand and country-of-origin of production main effects. This study contributes to a understanding of effects of country-of-origin at the perspective of congruity, and extend level of generalization of country-of-origin effect by testing various product characteristic and congruity.

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    A Study on Enterprise Risk Management for the Public Organizations: K-Water Case (공기업을 위한 전사적 리스크관리: K-Water 사례를 중심으로)

    • Kim, Jung-Duk
      • Journal of Digital Convergence
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      • v.6 no.4
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      • pp.53-61
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      • 2008
    • Organizations can experience serious financial and/or reputational losses if business activities are disrupted by an incident of information systems under the current business environment. The loss includes the intangible decline in brand image, customer separation, and the tangible loss such as decrease in business profits. Thus, it is necessary to take proactive initiatives by managing many kinds of risks an organization may have. Therefore, the enterprise risk management has been received a special attention by some advanced private companies, but not many public organizations. This paper describes an approach and some issues when the enterprise risk management was introduced in a domestic public organization.

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    Global Market Accommodation of Distribution Service- Focus on Wall Mart and Carrefour - (유통서비스의 글로벌 시장적응력- 월마트와 까르푸를 중심으로 -)

    • Lee, Min-Young;Kang, Sun-Kyu
      • International Commerce and Information Review
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      • v.8 no.4
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      • pp.343-368
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      • 2006
    • The rapid expansion of regionalism has resulted in the creation of blocs of the global economy, so that those countries not belonging to one or more blocs can be discriminated. The purpose of this paper is to examine the competition policy theoretically, international background with issues, and discussion trend of global enterprise. By doing them, this paper suggests the responsive plan, future prospects, and policy directions for the competition policy by distribution service. There is not a statistically significant relationship between international diversification strategy and firm performance. However, we observed some tendency that the larger the firm size, the higher the firm performance, assuming the degree of international diversification or multinationality to be constant. However, the export productivity increase after 1~2 years, and there exits a clear evidence that the innovation investment increases a firm's export competitiveness as time goes on.

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    A Case Study on the Importance of Private Brand to Maximize Profit in the CVS (편의점의 이익 극대화를 위한 PB 상품 개발에 관한 사례 연구)

    • Kim, Hee-Sam;Cho, Jai-Rip
      • Proceedings of the Korean Society for Quality Management Conference
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      • 2010.04a
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      • pp.141-145
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      • 2010
    • 소형 편의점에서 판매하고 있는 상품 중에서 NB는 모든 업체 모든 점포에서 판매하는 공통 상품으로서 비교 차별화 되는 상품은 아니다. 외관은 물론 유통방식이나 기능은 물론이고 매출 이익률이 거의 비슷하기 때문이다. 여기에는 서비스, 가격 할인과 같은 극심한 판촉 경쟁이 있을 뿐이다. 편의점에서 비교 우위의 차별화를 기할 수 있는 상품은 PB상품 즉 자사 상표 부착 상품이다. 자사의 제조 기술이나 판매 방식을 쏟아 넣어 자사만의 독특한 컨셉으로 상품을 제조할 수 있기 때문이다. 본 연구에서는 편의점 또는 소형 소매점이나 할인점에서의 PB 상품의 중요성과 상품본부에서 정책을 취할 때 어떤 상품 군을 어떤 비중으로 개발하고 마켓팅력을 집중해야 하는지에 대한 사례를 연구하였다.

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    Transference of Trust from Retailers to Private Label Products and their Manufacturers (유통업체에 대한 신뢰가 Private Label 제품과 제조업체에 대한 신뢰로 전이되는 현상에 관한 연구)

    • Kim, Hyang-Mi;Kim, Jae-Wook;Lee, Jong-Ho
      • Journal of Distribution Research
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      • v.14 no.2
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      • pp.67-95
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      • 2009
    • The purpose of this study is to empirically examine the transference of trust process, an important factor to consumer's purchase decision-making. Even though several researchers have discussed the trust transference process, there is no research related to this concept. Specifically we have focused on the transference of trust from the retailer to low involvement private label (PL) products. PL products were chosen as transference of trust occurs under ambiguity due to lack of information about the product and their manufacturer. PL products provide relatively less information than national brand (NB) products. In addition, retailers have been rapidly expanding their PL product categories. To identify the theoretical and empirical limitations of prior studies, we discuss several theories explaining the transference of trust: 'Balance theory' and 'availability heuristic' in transference of cognitive trust; 'affective transference' and 'affect as information' in transference of affective trust. An empirical test was performed. A self completion questionnaire was developed and administered to a convenience sample of PL users. 206 usable questionnaire were received. The results show that the transference of trust plays a mediating role linking the retailer to the manufacturer and to the product. Although our model, which included the transference process of trust as a mediating effect, did not improve the competitive model, the coefficients of the respective paths were found to be better. This study confirms the transference of cognitive trust from the retailer to both the manufacturer and the product, but not for affective trust. We offer the explanation that PL products may tend to have affective trust resulting from brand familiarity but not to their PL manufacturers.

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