• Asia Pacific Journal of Business Review
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.1-21
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• 2022

This research aimed to clarify the impacts casted by inwards FDI on New venture creation, industrialization, and the economic growth of Russia. For all of these variables, data was taken about Russia from the site of The World Bank, and the selected duration was from 1995 to 2019. The total duration of the data taken was from 24 years. The time duration was well enough for applying the A.R.D.L. approach to the time series data of the study. This research used the unit root test to know the presence of the unit root for each variable, the lag order selection was made for the data, the bounds cointegration test was also applied, and ARDL Model was used to know about the different effects. With the help of the results derived, it was observed that the impact of private sector investment on new venture creation is significant. In contrast, foreign direct investment and research and development (R&D) effects on new venture creation are insignificant. It was also observed from the results that the impact of R&D on industrialization in Russia is significant, while the effects of FDI and the impact of private sector investment on industrialization in Russia is insignificant. We have fund that the effect of FDI and the impact of private sector investment on the economic growth of Russia is significant. In contrast, the impact of R&D is insignificant to the economic growth of Russia. The study is of great significance as it has raised the importance of R&D for industrialization, FDI, and PSI for economic growth and new venture creation for developing countries.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.419-444
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• 2009

In this paper, we use case studies to analyze the supporting programs of policy funds for Korean and Japanese small and medium-sized enterprises(SMEs). It is found that supporting firms are suitable to the excluded companies from financial institutions and excellent corporate credit rating. It is also shown that subordinated loan program as well as loan limit can be enlarged policy funds with priming water of private funds. Moreover, it shows that credit guarantee funding has a positively significant influence on long-term funding facility. Therefore, this findings can improve the complementary relationship between policy funds and financial institutions.

• Proceedings of the Technology Innovation Conference
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• 1999.12a
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• pp.216-239
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• 1999

Korean government has planned a large scale multidepartment-participated national R&D program to advance and improve her science and technology and the quality of life In the level of advanced(especially G-7) countries in the forthcoming 21st century. It is called as "Highly Advanced National projects" or "G7 projects", which was initiated in 1991 with 18 sub-programs to date. It has planned to be continued until 2001 with its total fund of 4, 591 billion Won, comprised of 2, 033 billion Won from the public sector and 2, 558 billion Won from the private sector. Evaluation activities, the country has carried out to date, for national R&D programs including HAN projects are focused mainly on the assessment of scientific and technological results to decide that a specific program should be continued, terminated, or modified. Thus, it is necessary for national R&D programs to be evaluated socioeconomically for the purpose of assessing the nationwide economic and social impact from the program. Socioeconomic evaluation would be told how and where the program contributed to the society, and what the socioeconomic impacts are resulted from the program. It would be useful for the means of (ⅰ) fulfillment of public accountability to legitimate the program and to reveal the expenditure of pubic fund, and (ⅱ) managemental and strategical learning to give information necessary to improve the making. program and policy decision making, The objectives of the study are to develop the methodology of modeling the socioeconomic evaluation, and build up the practical socioeconomic evaluation model of the HAN projects including scientific and technological effects. Since the HAN projects consists of 18 subprograms, it is difficult In evaluate all the subprograms simultaneously. Despite, each program is being performed under the category of HAN projects, so the common socioeconomic issues are existing, The followings are main results of the study. First, the hierarchical structure of the socioeconomic evaluation are constructed; Evaluation Perspective, Evaluation Bounds, and Evaluation Aspect. Second, based on the goals of the HAN projects, the evaluation perspectives are established as (ⅰ) the strengthening of industrial competitiveness, (ⅱ) the enhancement of national scientific and technological capability, (ⅲ) the improvement of quality of life. Third, the evaluation bounds for each evaluation objective are defined to specify the affected area. Finally, the evaluation aspects for each evaluation bounds are formulated containing essential elements describing the evaluation bounds.

• Journal of the Korea Society for Simulation
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.57-63
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• 2019

This study suggests the level of guaranteed reserves that should be accumulated in order to provide guaranteed interest contracts to pension members. To calculate the guaranteed reserve, this study employs the method using variable insurance contracts with guaranteed interest options. The average return of three major pensions (national pension, private teacher's pension, civil servants pension) funds, from 2010 to 2018, is set as the target rate of return and then we establish 0%, 1.0%, 1.5% and 2.0% each as our minimum guaranteed returns for their respective guaranteed reserves. Our results firstly show that gaps between each guaranteed reserves are increasing as times goes on. Second, the probability of shortfall reserve is on the decrease as the pension fund is mature. Conclusively, a long-term conservative balance between risk and return is one of the best investing strategies in pension funds providing the guaranteed interest.

• (The) Research of the performance art and culture
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• no.20
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• pp.309-338
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• 2010

This article is about seeking for modern festival possibility of Mudang gut with noticing a festival essence of it. Several components and process of performing Maeul gut can be a festival. But the recent condition of gut pan obstructs becoming a festival. Above of all, distorted eyes on Mudang gut deny a festivity. Transition into seeking for private fortune and the duplicity of concealing a Mudang gut have weakened a festivity of Mudang gut. Maeul gut becomes a ceremony with unequal distribution of support fund and the support fund on intangible cultural assets. Therefore, we should consider Mudang gut as a game. People need to change their preception as a performance that people can actively take part in. Mudang gut need a active participants not bystanders. When people consider them selves as actors, Mudang gut will be a festival.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.19-32
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• 2014

This study evaluated economic value recognized by the residents for the pleasant urban park management using contingent valuation method(CVM) to APEC Memorial Park in Pusan in terms of private fund development for the management of the city park. As a result, the estimated amount payable by each household for the management of APEC Memorial Park in Busan was between 5,673 won and 8,358 won. If such amount is expanded to households in park hosting area, it was 2.2~2.3 times of the park management budget in 2012, which demonstrates the willingness to pay (WTP) of residents for pleasant park was higher than the management budget. Social factors of respondents affecting WTP for city park management operation included age, educational level and income level. Those with high age and high education level had higher WTP. And, WTP was much affected by the use of park and recognition of residents. In particular, those with high frequency in the use of parks had higher WTP, and the users with more than once per week had 1.1 times higher WTP than overall WTP. Then, the satisfaction of park rather than recognition of necessity of park had led to higher WTP. Accordingly, it is necessary to manage park facility management and use program operation to enhance park satisfaction and it is also required to develop a park culture distribution policy to link such recognition to donation.

• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.8-17
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• 2017

Globally, efforts are being made to develop and strengthen a palliative care policy to support a comprehensive healthcare system. Korea has implemented a hospice and palliative care (HPC) policy as part of a cancer policy under the 10 year plan to conquer cancer and a comprehensive measure for national cancer management. A legal ground for the HPC policy was laid by the Cancer Control Act passed in 2003. Currently in the process is legislation of a law on the decision for life-sustaining treatment for HPC and terminally-ill patients. The relevant law has expanded the policy-affected disease group from terminal cancer to cancer, human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and chronic liver disease/liver cirrhosis. Since 2015, the National Health Insurance (NHI) scheme reimburses for HPC with a combination of the daily fixed sum and the fee for service systems. By the provision type, the HPC is classified into hospitalization, consultation, and home-based treatment. Also in place is the system that designates, evaluates and supports facilities specializing in HPC, and such facilities are funded by the NHI fund and government subsidy. Also needed along with the legal system are consensus reached by people affected by the policy and more realistic fee levels for HPC. The public and private domains should also cooperate to set HPC standards, train professional caregivers, control quality and establish an evaluation system. A stable funding system should be prepared by utilizing the long-term care insurance fund and hospice care fund.

• Journal of Climate Change Research
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.181-195
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• 2018

On December 12, 2015, the Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) adopted the Paris Agreement, in which several developed and developing countries all committed to participating in the reduction of greenhouse-gas (GHG) emissions. South Korea has submitted an intended nationally determined contribution (INDC) proposal with a target to cut down 37% greenhouse gas business as usual (BAU) until 2030 in preparation for the 2030 GHG BAU. Under the post-2020 regime, which will be launched from 2021 as the agreement entered into force early, it is expected that efforts to support GHG reduction and adaptation to climate change in developing countries will be accelerated with the utilization of technologies and financial resources of developed countries. South Korea has established the Basic Plan for Climate Change Response and the Basic National Roadmap for Greenhouse Gas Reductions by 2030 to promote the response to climate change at the government level. The Ministry of Science and ICT, as the National Designated Entity designated by the UNFCCC, has come up with middle and long-term strategies for climate technology cooperation. South-Korea has an abundance of energy-consuming industries to support its export-oriented industrial structure; it is thus expected that achieving the GHG reduction target will incur a considerable cost. Moreover, in order to meet the reduction target (11.3%) of the intended nationally determined contribution proposed by South Korea, it is necessary for South Korea to actively promote projects that can achieve GHG reduction achievements, and financial resources are needed as leverage to reduce risks that can occur in the early stages of projects and attract private sector investment. This paper summarizes the theoretical discussions on climate finance and conducted a comparative analysis on the status of the funds related to climate change response in the UK, Germany, Japan and Denmark. Through this, we proposed the legal and policy tasks that should be carried forward to raise public funds that can be used for creation of new industries related to climate change as well as to reduce GHG emissions in South Korea. The Climate Change Countermeasures Act, which has been proposed by the National Assembly of South-Korea, stipulates the establishment of funds but there is no additional funding except for general account. In this regard, it is also possible to take measures such as the introduction of carbon tax or the collection and use of royalties through technology research and development projects for climate change, such as Industrial Technology Innovation Promotion Act. In addition, since funds are used in various fields such as domestic greenhouse gas reduction, technology development, and overseas projects, it is necessary to establish a system in which various ministries cooperate with the operation of the fund.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.33-50
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• 2014

Though South Korea has world-class volume of Venture Capital Investment, as a share of GDP, early stage venture investments are still short, and investments are concentrated in high technology area and Capital area. Because of the high barriers to entry of the new IPO and M&A market, the venture capital companies undergo difficulties in profit. High-tech ventures face difficulties in raising money from outside investors due to information asymmetry between venture investors and venture companies. To resolve these problems, developed countries's government make a co-funding investment scheme with private sectors and design incentive mechanism such as receiving knowledge of the reputable investors' joint venture. Korean central and local government can benchmark those of things. For example, the expansion of the investment volume with private sector, region-specific matching fund and venture capital's exit path diversification such as M&A through the establishment of a business venture eco-system. At the same time, venture companies are to make an efforts to enhance the ability of screening for venture companies and the value for investment activities through a joint venture investments.