• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 2014년도 제46회 동계 정기학술대회 초록집
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• pp.343-343
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• 2014

We reported on the electrical, optical, structural and morphological properties fabricated by co-sputtering for use as an anode for organic solar cells (OSCs). By adjusting RF and DC power of $MoO_3$ and IZO targets during co-sputtering, we fabricated the $MoO_3$-IZO electrode with graded content of the $MoO_3$ on the IZO films. At optimized $MoO_3$ thickness of 20 nm, the $MoO_3$ graded IZO electrode showed a higher mobility ($33cm^2/V-Sec$) than directly deposited $MoO_3$ on IZO film ($26cm^2/V-Sec$). At visible range (400nm~800nm), optical transmittance of the $MoO_3$ graded IZO electrode is higher than that of directly deposited $MoO_3$ on IZO film. High mobility of $MoO_3$ graded on IZO is attributed to less interface scattering between $MoO_3$ and IZO. To investigate the feasibility of $MoO_3$ graded IZO films, we fabricated conventional P3HT:PCBM based OSCs with $MoO_3$ graded IZO as a function of MoO3 thickness. The OSC fabricated on the $MoO_3$ graded IZO anode showed a fill factor of 66.53%, a short circuit current of $8.121mA/cm^2$, an open circuit voltage of 0.592 V, and a power conversion efficiency of 3.2% comparable to OSC fabricated on ITO anode and higher than directly deposited $MoO_3$ on IZO film. We suggested possible mechanism to explain the high performance of OSCs with a $MoO_3$ graded IZO.

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 2014년도 제46회 동계 정기학술대회 초록집
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• pp.257.1-257.1
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• 2014

We investigated characteristics of ITO/Ag-Pd-Cu (APC)/ITO multilayer electrodes prepared by direct current magnetron sputtering for use as an anode in organic solar cells (OSCs). To optimize electrical properties of ITO/APC/ITO multilayer, we fabricated the ITO/APC/ITO multilayer at a fixed ITO thickness of 30 nm as a function of APC thickness. Compare to the surface of Ag layer on ITO, the APC had a smooth surface morphology. At optimized APC thickness of 12 nm, the ITO/APC/ITO multilayer exhibited a sheet resistance of $6{\Omega}/square$ and optical transmittance of 84.15% at a wavelength of 550 nm which is comparable to conventional ITO/Ag/ITO multilayer. However, the APC-based ITO multilayer showed a higher average transmittance in a visible region than the Ag-based ITO multilayer. The higher average transmittance of ITO/APC/ITO multilayer indicated the multilayer is suitable anode for organic solar cells with P3HT:PCBM active layer. OSCs fabricated on the optimized ITO/ACP/ITO multilayer exhibited a better performance with a fill factor of 64.815%, a short circuit current of $8.107mA/cm^2$, an open circuit voltage of 0.59 V, and power conversion efficiency (3.101%) than OSC with ITO/Ag/ITO multilayer (2.8%).

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 2014년도 제46회 동계 정기학술대회 초록집
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• pp.473.1-473.1
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• 2014

We report on the characteristics of Zr-doped $In_2O_3$ (IZrO) films prepared by DC-RF magnetron cosputtering of $In_2O_3$ and $ZrO_2$ targets for use as a transparent electrode for high efficient organic solar cells (OSCs). The effect of $ZrO_2$ doping power on electrical, optical, structural, and surface morphology of the IZrO film was investigated in detail. At optimized $ZrO_2$ RF power of 50 W, the IZrO film exhibited a low sheet resistance of 20.71 Ohm/square, and a high optical transmittance of 83.9 %. Furthermore, the OSC with the IZrO anode showed a good cell-performance: fill factor of 61.71 %, short circuit current (Jsc) of $8.484mA/cm^2$, open circuit voltage (Voc) of 0.593 V, and power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 3.106 %. In particular, the overall OSC characteristics of the cell with the IZrO anode were comparable to those of the OSC with the conventional Sn-doped $In_2O_3$ (FF of 65.03 %, Jsc of $8.833mA/cm^2$, Voc of 0.608 V, PCE of 3.495 %), demonstrating that the IZrO anode is a promising alternative to ITO anode in OSCs.

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 2014년도 제46회 동계 정기학술대회 초록집
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• pp.394.2-394.2
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• 2014

We fabricated highly transparent and flexible Ti doped In2O3 (TIO)/Ag nanowire(NW)/TIO (TAT) multilayer electrodes by linear facing target sputtering (LFTS) and brush-painting for used as flexible for anode organic solar cells(FOSCs). The characteristics of TAT transparent anode as a function of number of brush-painting cycles was also investigated. At optimized conditions we achieved highly flexible TAT multilayer electrodes with a low sheet resistance of $9.01{\Omega}/square$ and a high diffusive transmittance more than 80% in visible region as well as superior mechanical stability. The effective embedment of the Ag NW network between top and bottom TIO films led to a metallic conductivity, high transparency. Based on FE-SEM HRTEM, and XRD analysis, we can find that the Ag NW network was effectively embedded between top and bottom TIO layers due to good flexibility of Ag NW, the TAT multilayer showed superior flexibility than single TIO layer. Successful operation of FOSCs with high power conversion efficiency of 3.01% indicates that TAT hybrid electrode is a promising alternative to conventional ITO electrode for high performance FOSCs.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.420-426
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• 2024

This study proposes an innovative methodology for developing flexible printed circuit boards (FPCBs) capable of conforming to three-dimensional shapes, meeting the increasing demand for electronic circuits in diverse and complex product designs. By integrating a traditional flat plate-based fabrication process with a subsequent three-dimensional thermal deformation technique, we have successfully demonstrated an FPCB that maintains stable electrical characteristics despite significant shape deformations. Using a modified polyimide substrate along with Ag flake-based conductive ink, we identified optimized process variables that enable substrate thermal deformation at lower temperatures (~130℃) and enhance the stretchability of the conductive ink (ε ~30%). The application of this novel FPCB in a prototype 3D-shaped sensor device, incorporating photosensors and temperature sensors, illustrates its potential for creating multifunctional, shape-adaptable electronic devices. The sensor can detect external light sources and measure ambient temperature, demonstrating stable operation even after transitioning from a planar to a three-dimensional configuration. This research lays the foundation for next-generation FPCBs that can be seamlessly integrated into various products, ushering in a new era of electronic device design and functionality.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.160-168
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• 2020

The current density in copper electroplating is directly related with the productivity; then, to increase the productivity, an increase in current density is required. This study is based on an analysis of changes in surface characteristics and mechanical properties by applying the addition of Alcian Blue (AB, C₅₆H₆₈Cl₄CuN₁₆S₄). The amount of Alcian Blue in the electrolytes is changed from 0 to 100 ppm. When Alcian Blue is added at 20 ppm, a seed layer is formed homogeneously on the surface at the initial stage of nucleation. However, crystals electroplated in electrolytes with more than 40 ppm of Alcian Blue are observed to have growth in the vertical direction on the surface and the shapes are like pyramids. This tendency of initial nucleation formation causes protrusions when the thickness of copper foil is 12 ㎛. Thereafter, a lot of extrusions are observed on the group of 100 ppm Alcian Blue. Tensile strength of groups with added Alcian Blue increased by more than 140% compare to no-addition group, but elongation is reduced. These results are due to the decrease of crystal size and changes of prior crystal growth plane from (111) and (200) to (220) due to Alcian Blue.

• Composites Research
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• 제32권5호
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• pp.222-228
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• 2019

양성자 교환막 연료전지 (PEMFC) 시스템은 환경 친화적인 전력 공급원으로 많은 잠재적 용도를 가지고 있다. 탄소섬유 복합재료 분리판은 산성환경에서 내부식성이 우수하며 높은 비강도와 비강성을 갖지만, 상대적으로 낮은 전기전도도로 인하여 PEMFC의 효율을 떨어뜨린다. 본 연구에서는 분리판의 전기 저항을 감소시키기 위하여 전기 전도성 입자(흑연 분말과 카본 블랙)를 탄소-에폭시 복합재료 프리프레그에 도포하였다. 전기 저항과 기계적 특성을 기존의 시험 방법을 사용하여 측정하였으며, 개발된 탄소 복합재료 분리판의 단위 셀 성능평가를 실시하여 기존의 분리판과 비교하였다.

• 전자공학회논문지
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• 제53권9호
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• pp.82-88
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• 2016

제안한 개선안은 인쇄, 바코드, QR코드 등 콘텐츠 유형에 따라 고정된 길이를 사용하여 코드 자체의 활용이 용이하면서 기존 식별자도 최대한 활용할 수 있게 한다. 이를 위해 우선 UCI 식별메타데이터 요소를 변경하여 기존의 UCI 식별자를 key로 변경하고 새로운 식별자를 UCI로 정의하여 사용하며, 새로운 UCI는 변환서비스 및 표현에 사용하고, key는 내부DB 관리용으로 사용한다. 또한 개체코드는 의미가 있는 코드와 의미가 없는 코드로 분류하며, 의미를 부여할 경우에는 음악, 만화, 영화 등의 콘텐츠 분야별 또는 게임, 광고 등 비즈니스 영역별로 표준화된 분류체계에 따른 의미의 부여가 가능하다. 한 기관이 자체적으로 의미를 부여해도 무관하지만 코드를 활용하고 이용하는 데는 불편함이 따를 경우에는 등록 관리기관 또는 단체에서 콘텐츠의 분류체계를 표준화하고, 이를 코드별 의미를 총괄기관에서 제정할 수 있도록 지원한다.

• 한국컴퓨터그래픽스학회논문지
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.17-26
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• 2016

본 논문에서는 상하 레이어 폴리라인 병합(merging) 기반 가변(adaptive) 슬라이싱 기법을 제안한다. 먼저 출력 가능한 최소 두께 값을 사용하여 입력된 3D 폴리곤 모델을 균일(uniform) 슬라이싱하고 각 레이어 단면 영역의 경계에 대한 폴리라인(polyline)들을 생성한다. 다음으로 상하 연결성이 높은 폴리라인들을 그룹화한 후, 각 그룹 내에서 불필요한 폴리라인들을 삭제한다. 삭제할 레이어를 결정하기 위해 기하오차척도인 커스프 높이(cusp height)를 계산하고 이를 기반으로 적정 레이어 두께를 결정한다. 마지막으로레이어 두께 범위 내의 폴리라인들을 삭제함으로써 한 개 레이어로 병합된다. 제안 방법은 형상의 특징을 최대한 유지함과 동시에 출력 시간을 효과적으로 단축시킨다는 장점을 가진다. 성능 검증을위해 제안 기법과 전역적 가변 슬라이싱 기법을 사용하여 총 10개 3D 폴리곤 모델을 슬라이싱 한 후 출력 시간을 결정짓는 수치인 폴리라인의 총 길이를 측정하였다. 실험 결과, 모든 모델에 대해 제안한 기법의 폴리라인 총 길이가 더 짧았으며 이는 더 빠른 시간에 출력을 완료할 수 있다는 것을 의미한다.

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 2012년도 제42회 동계 정기 학술대회 초록집
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• pp.470-470
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• 2012

Organic thin film transistors (OTFTs) backplane constitute the active elements in new generations of plastic electronic devices for flexible display. The overall OTFTs performance is largely depended on the properties and quality of each layers of device material. In solution based process of organic semiconductors (OSCs), the interface state is most impediments to preferable performance. Generally, a threshold voltage (Vth) shift is usually exhibited when organic gate insulators (OGIs) are exposed in an ambient air condition. This phenomenon was caused by the absorbed polar components (i.e. oxygen and moisture) on the interface between OGIs and Soluble OSCs during the jetting process. For eliminating the polar component at the interface of OGI, the role of high vacuum seasoning on an OGI for all solution processable OTFTs were studied. Poly 4-vinly phenols (PVPs) were the material chosen as the organic gate dielectric, with a weakness in ambient air. The high vacuum seasoning of PVP's surface showed improved performance from non-seasoning TFT; a $V_{th}$, a ${\mu}_{fe}$ and a interface charge trap density from -8V, $0.018cm^2V^{-1}s^{-1}$, $1.12{\times}10^{-12}(cm^2eV)^{-1}$ to -4.02 V, $0.021cm^2V^{-1}s^{-1}$, $6.62{\times}10^{-11}(cm^2eV)^{-1}$. These results of OTFT device show that polar components were well eliminated by the high vacuum seasoning processes.