• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.298-303
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• 2021

Comparative genomic analysis was performed on eight species of lactic acid bacteria (LAB)-Lactococcus (L.) lactis, Lactobacillus (Lb.) plantarum, Lb. casei, Lb. brevis, Leuconostoc (Leu.) mesenteroides, Lb. fermentum, Lb. buchneri, and Lb. curvatus-to assess their glutamic acid production pathways. Glutamic acid is important for umami taste in foods. The only genes for glutamic acid production identified in the eight LAB were for conversion from glutamine in L. lactis and Leu. mesenteroides, and from glucose via citrate in L. lactis. Thus, L. lactis was considered to be potentially the best of the species for glutamic acid production. By biochemical analyses, L. lactis HY7803 was selected for glutamic acid production from among 17 L. lactis strains. Strain HY7803 produced 83.16 pmol/μl glutamic acid from glucose, and exogenous supplementation of citrate increased this to 108.42 pmol/μl. Including glutamic acid, strain HY7803 produced more of 10 free amino acids than L. lactis reference strains IL1403 and ATCC 7962 in the presence of exogenous citrate. The differences in the amino acid profiles of the strains were illuminated by principal component analysis. Our results indicate that L. lactis HY7803 may be a good starter strain for glutamic acid production.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제41권2호
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• pp.312-323
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• 2021

The purpose of this study was to use 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) to quantify taste-active and bioactive compounds in chicken breasts and thighs from Korean native chicken (KNC) [newly developed KNCs (KNC-A, -C, and -D) and commercial KNC-H] and white-semi broiler (WSB) used in Samgye. Further, each breed was differentiated using multivariate analyses, including a machine learning algorithm designed to use metabolic information from each type of chicken obtained using 1H-13C heteronuclear single quantum coherence (2D NMR). Breast meat from KNC-D chickens were superior to those of conventional KNC-H and WSB chickens in terms of both taste-active and bioactive compounds. In the multivariate analysis, meat portions (breast and thigh) and chicken breeds (KNCs and WSB) could be clearly distinguished based on the outcomes of the principal component analysis and partial least square-discriminant analysis (R2=0.945; Q2=0.901). Based on this, we determined the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve for each of these components. AUC analysis identified 10 features which could be consistently applied to distinguish between all KNCs and WSB chickens in both breast (0.988) and thigh (1.000) meat without error. Here, both 1H NMR and 2D NMR could successfully quantify various target metabolites which could be used to distinguish between different chicken breeds based on their metabolic profile.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.506-520
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• 2023

Objective: Japanese Brown (JBR) cattle, especially the Kochi (Tosa) pedigree (JBRT), is a local breed of moderately marbled beef. Despite the increasing demand, the interbreed differences in muscle metabolites from the highly marbled Japanese Black (JBL) beef remain poorly understood. We aimed to determine flavor-related metabolites and postmortem metabolisms characteristic to JBRT beef in comparison with JBL beef. Methods: Lean portions of the longissimus thoracis (loin) muscle from four JBRT cattle were collected at 0, 1, and 14 d postmortem. The muscle metabolomic profiles were analyzed using capillary electrophoresis time-of-flight mass spectrometry. The difference in post-mortem metabolisms and aged muscle metabolites were analyzed by statistical and bioinformatic analyses between JBRT (n = 12) and JBL cattle (n = 6). Results: A total of 240 metabolite annotations were obtained from the detected signals of the JBRT muscle samples. Principal component analysis separated the beef samples into three different aging point groups. According to metabolite set enrichment analysis, post-mortem metabolic changes were associated with the metabolism of pyrimidine, nicotinate and nicotinamide, purine, pyruvate, thiamine, amino sugar, and fatty acid; citric acid cycle; and pentose phosphate pathway as well as various amino acids and mitochondrial fatty acid metabolism. The aged JBRT beef showed higher ultimate pH and lower lactate content than aged JBL beef, suggesting the lower glycolytic activity in postmortem JBRT muscle. JBRT beef was distinguished from JBL beef by significantly different compounds, including choline, amino acids, uridine monophosphate, inosine 5'-monophosphate, fructose 1,6-diphosphate, and betaine, suggesting interbreed differences in the accumulation of nucleotide monophosphate, glutathione metabolism, and phospholipid metabolism. Conclusion: Glycolysis, purine metabolism, fatty acid catabolism, and protein degradation were the most common pathways in beef during postmortem aging. The differentially expressed metabolites and the relevant metabolisms in JBRT beef may contribute to the development of a characteristic flavor.

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제35권6호
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• pp.785-795
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• 2022

Traditional germplasms are unsuitable for mechanized production, limiting adzuki bean production. The creation of cultivars that can be harvested by mechanized means is an urgent task for breeders. The bottom pod height (BPH), lodging resistance, and synchronous maturing of adzuki beans are critical factors for the reduction of losses due to mechanized harvesting. In this study, 14 traits of 806 adzuki bean accessions were analyzed. All growth stages and the yield, lodging score, and synchronous maturing correlated negatively with the BPH. These negative correlations reflect the increased difficulty of breeding to simultaneously satisfy the needs for no lodging, high synchronous maturing rates, BPHs > 10 cm, and high yield. We screened three germplasms with no lodging, high synchronous maturing rates, and BPHs > 10 cm that were used as mechanization-adapted breeding material for crossing with high-yield cultivars. Agronomic trait diversity in adzuki beans was also examined in this study. Principal component and cluster analyses were conducted for 806 germplasms resulting in three clusters with the yield and three growth stage traits serving as the main discriminating factors. Cluster 1 included high-yield germplasms with the number of pods per plant and the number of seeds per pod being the major discriminant factors. Cluster 2 included germplasms with long growth periods and large 100-seed weights while cluster 3 contained germplasms with high BPHs. In general, the characteristics that make mechanical harvesting feasible and those assessed in this study could be utilized to choose and enhance adzuki beans production.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제36권8호
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• pp.1199-1208
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• 2023

Objective: The purpose of this study was to perform a comparative analysis of metabolite levels in serum and milk obtained from cows fed on different concentrate to forage feed ratios. Methods: Eight lactating Holstein cows were divided into two groups: a high forage ratio diet (HF; 80% Italian ryegrass and 20% concentrate of daily intake of dry matter) group and a high concentrate diet (HC; 20% Italian ryegrass and 80% concentrate) group. Blood was collected from the jugular vein, and milk was sampled using a milking machine. Metabolite levels in serum and milk were estimated using proton nuclear magnetic resonance and subjected to qualitative and quantitative analyses performed using Chenomx 8.4. For statistical analysis, Student's t-test and multivariate analysis were performed using Metaboanalyst 4.0. Results: In the principal component analysis, a clear distinction between the two groups regarding milk metabolites while serum metabolites were shown in similar. In serum, 95 metabolites were identified, and 13 metabolites (include leucine, lactulose, glucose, betaine, etc.) showed significant differences between the two groups. In milk, 122 metabolites were identified, and 20 metabolites (include urea, carnitine, acetate, butyrate, arabinitol, etc.) showed significant differences. Conclusion: Our results show that different concentrate to forage feed ratios impact the metabolite levels in the serum and milk of lactating Holstein cows. A higher number of metabolites in milk, including those associated with milk fat synthesis and the presence of Escherichia coli in the rumen, differed between the two groups compared to that in the serum. The results of this study provide a useful insight into the metabolites associated with different concentrate to forge feed ratios in cows and may aid in the search for potential biomarkers for subacute ruminal acidosis.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.984-996
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• 2023

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Prior studies, mostly conducted in Western countries, have suggested that the low cost of energy-dense foods is associated with an increased risk of obesity. This study aimed to investigate the association between food costs and obesity risk among Koreans who may have different food cost and dietary patterns than those of Western populations. SUBJECTS/METHODS: We used baseline data from a cohort of 45,193 men and 83,172 women aged 40-79 years (in 2006-2013). Dietary intake information was collected using a validated food frequency questionnaire. Prudent and Western dietary patterns extracted via principal component analysis. Food cost was calculated based on Korean government data and market prices. Logistic regression analyses were performed to investigate the association of daily total, prudent, and Western food cost per calorie with obesity. RESULTS: Men in the highest total food cost quintile had 15% higher odds of obesity, after adjusting for demographic characteristics and lifestyle factors (adjusted odds ratio, 1.15; 95% confidence interval, 1.08-1.22; P-trend < 0.001); however, this association was not clear in women (P-trend = 0.765). While both men and women showed positive associations between prudent food cost and obesity (P-trends < 0.001), the association between Western food cost and obesity was only significant in men (P-trend < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: In countries in which consumption of Western foods is associated with higher food costs, higher food costs are associated with an increased risk of obesity; however, this association differs between men and women.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.151-162
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• 2024

PURPOSE. This study aimed to analyze factors influencing the success and failure of implant prostheses and to estimate the lifespan of prostheses using standardized evaluation criteria. An online survey platform was utilized to efficiently gather large samples from multiple institutions. MATERIALS AND METHODS. During the one-year period, patients visiting 16 institutions were assessed using standardized evaluation criteria (KAP criteria). Data from these institutions were collected through an online platform, and various statistical analyses were conducted. Risk factors were assessed using both the Cox proportional hazard model and Cox regression analysis. Survival analysis was conducted using Kaplan-Meier analysis and nomogram, and lifespan prediction was performed using principal component analysis. RESULTS. The number of patients involved in this study was 485, with a total of 841 prostheses evaluated. The median survival was estimated to be 16 years with a 95% confidence interval. Factors found to be significantly associated with implant prosthesis failure, characterized by higher hazard ratios, included the 'type of clinic', 'type of antagonist', and 'plaque index'. The lifespan of implant prostheses that did not fail was estimated to exceed the projected lifespan by approximately 1.34 years. CONCLUSION. To ensure the success of implant prostheses, maintaining good oral hygiene is crucial. The estimated lifespan of implant prostheses is often underestimated by approximately 1.34 years. Furthermore, standardized form, online platform, and visualization tool, such as nomogram, can be effectively utilized in future follow-up studies.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제50권
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• pp.115-126
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• 2023

A hydroponics experiment was performed to study the physiological and biochemical changes in Moroccan barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) varieties cultivated under salt stress conditions. Four barley varieties were grown under exposure to three salt concentrations, including 0, 200, and 300 mM NaCl. The ANOVA for both salt stress-sensitive and resistant varieties indicated that salt treatment represented the main source of variability in all studied traits. Salt treatment significantly reduced root and shoot dry weight (RDW and SDW), relative water content (RWC), and chlorophyll content (Chl a, Chl b, and Chl T). However, increases in electrolyte leakage (EL) along with proline and total soluble sugar (TSS) contents were recorded. In addition, large variations in all measured traits were found between varieties. The 'Massine' and 'Laanaceur' varieties displayed relatively higher RDW and SDW values. The 'Amira' and 'Adrar' varieties showed lower RWC values and Chl contents than those of the controls indicating their relative sensitivity to salt stress. Principal component analysis revealed that most of the variation was captured by PC1 (72% of the total variance) which grouped samples into three categories according to salt treatment. Correlation analyses highlighted significant associations between most parameters. Positive relationships were found between RDW, SDW, RWC, Chl content, and soluble proteins contents, while all of these parameters were negatively associated with EL intensity, proline content, and TSS content. The results from this study showed that the 'Massine' and 'Laanaceur' varieties were relatively salt-tolerant. These two salt-tolerant varieties present a good genetic background for breeding of barley varieties showing high salt tolerance.

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.270-306
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• 2024

This study investigated the diversity of 323 mung bean accessions from Korea, China, and India, along with six cultivars, using 22 agronomical traits. The standardized Shannon-Weaver index (H') for the qualitative traits ranged from 0.11 (terminal leaflet shape) to 0.98 (pubescence density of pod). Likewise, the coefficient of variation for the quantitative traits ranged from 8.76% (days to maturity (DM)) to 79.91% (lodging rate (LR)), indicating a wide genetic variance. Hypocotyl color, pod color, seed shape, and seed coat surface lust showed different distributions among Korean, Indian, and Chinese accessions. Chinese accessions had the highest average germination rate, DM, days from flowering to maturity, and one-hundred seeds weight, followed by Korean and Indian accessions, while the number of seeds per pod (SPP) displayed the opposite trend, with all except SPP showing significant variation (p < 0.05). Similarly, plant height, days to flowering, and number of pods per plant increased in the order of India > Korea > China, with LR showing the opposite trend (p < 0.05). The mung bean accessions were grouped into four major clusters using hierarchical cluster analysis supported by principal component analyses, and all of the quantitative traits showed significant variations between the clusters (p < 0.05). Generally, the mung bean accessions investigated in this study exhibited wide phenotypic trait variations, which could be beneficial for future genomics studies. Moreover, this study identified 77 accessions that outperformed the controls. Consequently, these superior accessions could provide a wide spectrum of options during the development of improved mung bean varieties.

• 정신신체의학
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.101-110
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• 2019

연구목적 중환자실 환자들의 섬망 발생 유무와 관련이 되어 있는 것으로 알려진 많은 임상 지표들이 있지만, 이 중 실제 섬망군과 비섬망군을 분류하는 데 있어서 어떠한 지표가 보다 중요한 역할을 하는지에 대한 연구는 충분히 이루어지지 않았다. 본 연구는 중환자실 내에서 섬망이 발생한 군과 발생하지 않은 군 사이의 재실 기간 내 특징을 비교하고, 두 군을 효과적으로 구분할 수 있는 임상 지표들을 확인하고자 하였다. 방 법 2013년 3월 1일부터 2017년 5월 31일까지 강남세브란스병원 중환자실에 있던 6386명의 환자들 중, 섬망과 연관성을 보일 것으로 예상되는 40개의 임상 지표에 대한 데이터가 재실 기간 중 적어도 한 번 이상 측정되거나, 확인이 가능한 환자 1559명을 대상으로 하였다. 무작위 부분집합 특징 선택 방법 및 주성분분석을 사용하여 섬망과 비섬망을 구분하는 데에 기여도가 높은 특징들의 순위를 구하고, 몇 개의 상위 지표가 동시에 사용되었을 때에 섬망과 비섬망을 가장 효율적으로 판별할 수 있는지를 확인하였다. 확인된 상위 지표만을 이용한 것과 전체 임상 지표를 모두 사용하였을 때의 섬망과 비섬망을 구분할 수 있는 정확도에 대해서 비교 분석하였다. 결 과 총 40개 변수 중 32개의 변수에서 섬망과 비섬망군 간 유의미한 차이를 보였다. 주성분 분석(Principal Component Analysis, PCA)상, 상위 6개 변수인 리치몬드 흥분 진정 척도(Richmond Agitation Sedation Scale, RASS), 도뇨관 사용 유무, 혈관 카테터 사용 유무, 해밀턴 불안 척도(Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale, HAM-A), 혈액 요소 질소(Blood Urea Nitrogen, BUN), 급성 생리학 및 만성 건강 평가-II (Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Examination II, APACHE II)를 사용했을 때에 섬망과 비섬망군이 가장 잘 구분되었다. 이들 상위 6개 변수에 대해 단일 변수 로지스틱 회귀분석 시행 시 모두 섬망 여부 결정에 대한 유의성을 보였다. 다중 변수 회귀분석 시행 시, 혈관 카테터 사용 유무 를 제외하고 나머지 5개 변수에서 모두 섬망 여부 결정에 대한 유의성을 보였다. 수신자판단특성곡선 분석 결과 신뢰구간 95%에서 곡선하면적 0.818로 높은 판별력을 보였다. 전체 임상 변수를 모두 사용한 수신자판단특성곡선 분석 결과에서는 곡선하면적 0.881로 매우 높은 판별력을 보였다. 결 론 본 연구 결과, 리치몬드 흥분 진정 척도, 도뇨관 사용 유무, 혈관 카테터 사용 유무, 해밀턴 불안 척도, 혈액 요소 질소, 급성 생리학 및 만성 건강 평가-II가 섬망이 발생한 군과 섬망이 발생하지 않은 군을 구분하는데 가장 유용하였다. 중환자실 환자 중 리치몬드 흥분 진정 척도 및 해밀턴 불안 척도 점수가 과도하게 낮거나, 도뇨관 및 혈관 카테터 등의 침습적인 시술을 사용하였을 경우 좀 더 집중적인 모니터링을 통해 섬망의 가능성을 살펴보아야 할 것이다.