• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.1907-1912
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• 2015

Purpose: The study was designed to: (1) investigate the prevalence of high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) infection and cervical neoplasia; and (2) evaluate clinical performance of visual inspection with acetic acid/ Lugol's iodine (VIA /VILI), Pap smear, high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) DNA test for detecting cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 or worse (CIN2+) and (3) explore appropriate screening approach in rural areas of Shandong Province. Materials and Methods: A total of 3,763 eligible women from Yiyuan County in Yimeng mountainous areas of rural Shandong, China, were enrolled and underwent Pap smear, HR-HPV DNA testing by Hybrid Capture 2 (HC2), and VIA /VILI tests. Women positive in any test were referred to colposcopy and biopsy as indicated. Results: The prevalence of HR-HPV infection among all enrolled women was 11.1% and that in healthy women was 9.9%. In total 33 cases of CIN1, 16 cases of CIN2, 6 cases of CIN3 but none of cervical cancer were detected and the crude prevalence of CIN2+ was 0.58%. For detecting CIN2+, the sensitivity of HR-HPV DNA testing, VIA/VILI, Pap smear was 90.9%, 77.3%, 81.8%, respectively. Pap smear had the best specificity of 98.2%, followed by HR-HPV DNA testing with specificity of 89.4%, VIA/VILI had the lowest specificity of 81.2%. Colposcopy referral rate of HR-HPV DNA testing, VIA/VILI, Pap smear was 11.1%, 18.5%, 2.3%, respectively. Conclusions: Our results suggest that HR-HPV DNA testing alone might be appropriate for primary cervical cancer screening in rural low-resource areas of Shandong Province, China.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.338-346
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• 1998

In order to elucidate the relationship between anti-HIV-1 enzyme activity and inhibition of HIV-1 replication by natural sources, extracts from some plants using the foods and oriental medicines were tested for inhibitory effects on the viral replication, reverse transcriptase (RT), protease and ${\alpha}-glucosidase$. In the anti-RT test, water extracts of Ficus carica (leaf), Houttuynia cordata (aerial part) and Ixeris tamagawaensis (aerial part) showed more than 79% inhitibion at a concentration of $100\;{\mu}g/ml$. The protease and ${\alpha}-glucosidase-inhibiting$ samples in the screening were water extract of Syringa dilatata (leaf) and methanol extract of Hibiscus syriacus (leaf and stem), which showed more than 40% inhibition at a concentration of $100\;{\mu}g/ml$. In the primary anti-HIV-1 test, water extracts of Equisetum arvense (aerial part), Hibiscus syriacus (leaf), Ixeris tamagawaensis (aerial part) and Pueraira thunbergiana (leaf) showed the potent inhibition against HIV-1 induced cytopathic effects.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.250-255
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• 1980

Myxoma is a benign growth constituting nearly 50% of all primary cardiac tumors. It is important because it can be abolished by surgical therapy and is usually fatal if unrecognized and untreated. Recently a wider use of echocardiogram as the screening test of valve lesions can be expected to increase the number of myxomas found preoperatively. We report a case of left atrial myxoma which was diagnosed by echocardiogram before surgery, and was successfully removed with the aid of extracorporeal circulation. The patient was a 24-year old woman who had suffered from mitral valvular symptoms for 2 months before admission. At operation, a tumor, measuring 5.2 x 4.3 x 4.7 cm, was extremely friable, villous gelatinous mass and it was removed from its origin near the closed fossa ovalis, including its stalk and a portion of the septum. The postoperative course was uneventful. The patient is clinically well and without symptoms of heart disease.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.199-206
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• 2005

Cell therapy (CT) is a group of techniques to treat human disorders by transplantation of cells which have been processed and propagated independent of the living body. Blood transfusion and bone marrow transplant have been the primary examples of cell therapy. With introduction of stem cell (SC) technologies, however, CT is perceived as the next generation of biologies to treat human diseases such as cancer, neurological diseases, and heart disease. Despite potential of cell therapy, insufficient guidelines have been implemented concerning safety test and regulation of cell therapy. This review addresses the safety issues to be resolved for the cell therapy, especially SC therapy, to be successfully utilized for clinical practice. Adequate donor cell screening must preceed to ensure safety in cell therapy. In terms of SC culture, controlled, standardized practices and procedures should be established. Further molecular studies should be done on SC development and differentiation to enhance safety level in cell therapy. Finally, animal model must be further installed to evaluate toxicity, new concepts, and proliferative potential of SC including alternative feeder layer of animal cells.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.51-58
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• 1980

Mutational experiments were performed to improved to improve the protease productivity of Aspergillus flavus KU 153, which is selected among the wild strains. A UV-induced mutant strain having high protease productivity was obtained by the use of the clear zone method as a simple criterion for a primary screening test. Neutral and alkaline protease activities of hte mutant strain were higher than 1.8 times, comopared with those of the parental strain, respectively, while in the case of acid protease, it was 2.7 times. The mutant strain selected was more powerful in the production of cellulase and amylase, as well s protease in wheat bran, compared with those of the parental strain. protease production of the parental strain has reached maximum level at 3 days culture, while alkaline nad neutral protease production of the mutantstrain has reached at 2 days culture. On the other hand, the mutant strain formed the spore slowly, compared with the parental strain. Column chromatography of the neutral protease on DEAE-Sephadex A-50 showed that the mutant strain was not induced the formation of another neutral protease isozyme, but induced the variation in the function of regulatory gene.

• Journal of information and communication convergence engineering
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.58-64
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• 2022

Breast ultrasonic reading is critical as a primary screening test for the early diagnosis of breast cancer. However, breast ultrasound examinations show significant differences in diagnosis based on the difference in image quality according to the ultrasonic equipment, experience, and proficiency of the examiner. Accordingly, studies are being actively conducted to analyze the texture characteristics of normal breast tissue, positive tumors, and malignant tumors using breast ultrasonography and to use them for computer-assisted diagnosis. In this study, breast ultrasonography was conducted to select 247 ultrasound images of 71 normal breast tissues, 87 fibroadenomas among benign tumors, and 89 malignant tumors. The selected images were calculated using a statistical method with 21 feature parameters extracted using the gray level co-occurrence matrix algorithm, and classified as normal breast tissue, benign tumor, and malignancy. In addition, we proposed five feature parameters that are available for computer-aided diagnosis of breast cancer classification. The average classification rate for normal breast tissue, benign tumors, and malignant tumors, using this feature parameter, was 82.8%.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.1929-1934
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• 2015

Purpose: To determine the diagnostic yield of primary circulating tumor cells in women with suspicion of breast cancer, detected as a result of an abnormal mammography. Materials and Methods: Consecutive women presenting for breast biopsy as a result of a mammogram BiRADs of 3 or more, had an 8ml blood sample taken for primary circulating tumor cell (CTC) detection. Mononuclear cells were obtained using differential gel centrifugation and CTCs identified using standard immunocytochemistry using anti-mammoglobin. A test was determined to be positive if 1 CTC was detected. Results: A total of 144 women with a mean age of $54.7{\pm}15.6$ years participated, 78/144 (53.0%) had breast cancer on biopsy, 65/140 (46.3%) benign pathologies and 1(0.7%) non-Hogkins lymphoma. Increasing BiRADs scores were associated with increased cancer detection (p=0.004, RR 1.00, 4.24, 8.50). CTC mammoglobin positive had a sensitivity of 81.1% and specificity of 90.9%, with positive and negative predictive values of 90.9% and 81.1% respectively. Mammoglobin positive CTCs detected 87% of invasive cancers, while poorly differentiated cancers were negative for mammoglobin. Only 50% of in situ cancers and none of the intraductal cancers had CTCs detected. Menopausal status did not affect the diagnostic yield of the CTC test, which was higher in women with BiRADS 4 mammograms. There was a significant trend (p<0.0001 Chi squared for trends) in CTC detection frequency from intraductal, in situ and invasive (OR 1.00, 8.00, 472.00). Conclusions: The use of primary CTC detection in women suspected of breast cancer has potential uses, especially with invasive cancer, but it failed to detect intra-ductal cancer and 50% of in situ cancer. There was no difference in the diagnostic yield between pre and post menopausal women. To confirm its use in reducing biopsies in women with BIRADs 4a mammagrams and in the detection of interval invasive breast cancer, larger studies are needed.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.210-216
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• 2020

The purpose of this study was to evaluate GDH & Toxin (GDT) tests for the identification of the presence of Clostridioides difficile (C. difficile) as well as to detect whether any toxin was present in the feces of patients suspected of diarrhea associated with C. difficile. Data related to the results of toxin and culture (TC) tests and GDT tests conducted on patients with diarrhea and suspected CDI between January 2017 and august 2018, positive test rates, patient ages and sexes, whether the patients were hospitalized, and turnaround time (TAT) were analyzed retrospectively. Of the 7,554 total tests conducted for CDI diagnosis, 1,010 TC tests (14.9%) were positive, while 92 GDT tests (12.0%) were positive. Of these positive cases, 815 (80.7%) identified through TC test and 80 (87%) identified through GDT test were inpatients. also, among the patients with positive test results, 497 (49.2%) diagnosed through TC test and 45 (48.9%) diagnosed through GDT test were aged 61 years or older. The total time required to complete a TC test was 83.6 hours, while the time required for a GDT test was 11.2 hours, equating to an approximately three-day difference between the two tests. The detection of toxin-producing C. difficile is important in CDI diagnosis, but the commonly used Enzymeimmunoassay (EIA) toxin tests with low sensitivity result in delayed CDI diagnosis time. Therefore, primary screening tests for CDI diagnosis using the GDT method and secondary tests using additional methods are considered most effective.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.188-196
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• 1995

Blackgrass and water foxtail are troublesome weeds in a cultivation area of cereals. To know whether water foxtail could substitute for blackgrass as a plant material of screening for the discovery and development of new cereal herbicides, they were compared in a greenhouse and a growth chamber with respect to initial growth characteristics and responses to various herbicides. Blackgrass had a higher germination rate at lower temperature and a higher growth rate at higher temperature as compared to water foxtail. In addition, blackgrass was less sensitive to long day than water foxtail. These results suggest that blackgrass grows better in a cultivation area in spring than water foxtail. As compared to water foxtail, blackgrass showed shightly susceptible responses to herbicides when they were applied to soil surface at one day after seeding. However, the responses to the herbicides of blackgrass and water foxtail were similar with a foliar application of the herbicides at 3 or 4 leaf stage of the plant. Since there were no considerable differences in the herbicidal responses of the two plant species, water foxtail could substitute for blackgrass as a plant material for a primary herbicide screening. When water foxtail was used in a post-emergence screening test, seeding amount of 0.1g/$350cm^2$ and postemergence application of herbicides at 3 to 5 leaf stage were found to be appropriate on the view of alleviating screening efforts in a greenhouse.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Nondestructive Testing
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.519-523
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• 2013

A steam generator (SG) tube is an important component of a nuclear power plant (NPP). It works as a pressure boundary between the primary and secondary systems. The integrity of a SG tube can be assessed by an eddy current test every outage. The eddy current technique(adopting a bobbin probe) is currently the main technique used to assess the integrity of the tubing of a steam generator. An eddy current signal analyst for steam generator tubes continuously analyzes data over a given period of time. However, there are possibilities that the analyst conducting the test may get tired and cause mistakes, such as: missing indications or not being able to separate a true defect signal from one that is more complicated. This error could lead to confusion and an improper interpretation of the signal analysis. In order to avoid these possibilities, many countries of opted for automated analyses. Axial ODSCC (outside diameter stress corrosion cracking) defects on the tubes of OPR1000 steam generators have been found on the tube that are in contract with tube support plates. In this study, automated analysis software called CDS (computer data screening) made by Zetec was used. This paper will discuss the results of introducing an automated analysis system for an axial ODSCC on the tubes of an OPR1000 steam generator.