• The Journal of the Korean dental association
• /
• v.49 no.1
• /
• pp.33-37
• /
• 2011

The esthetic demands are growing in treatment of primary maxillary incisors as well as permanent ones. There is something dissatisfying about in the keen eyes of the pediatric dentists on their esthetic results of efforts because current tooth color system is created for the purpose of the application to the permanent incisors. In this study using the scientific color measurement device, I would like to introduce a color scheme for the primary maxillary incisors and suggest clinical tips for the better results of resin composite restorations.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
• /
• v.49 no.1
• /
• pp.1-13
• /
• 2022

The purpose of this study was to compare the color of maxillary primary central incisors, lateral incisors, canines with the color of various composite resins using a spectrophotometer VITA Easyshade^®V. One researcher measured the color of sound maxillary primary anterior teeth of 100 children aged 1 to 6 and specimens which were made by composite resins with a total of 10 types and 31 shades, and CIE L^*, a^*, b^* values were obtained. There was no clinically recognizable color difference between the maxillary primary central and lateral incisors. However, the maxillary primary canines showed difference in color above the clinical acceptability threshold with the primary central and lateral incisors. These findings showed no significant color differences between men and women, and no significant color changes with age. A1 shade is the most common in all maxillary primary anterior teeth. Composite resins, which are thought to be similar to the color of maxillary primary anterior teeth were selected from 9 types of maxillary primary central incisors, 6 types of primary lateral incisors, 6 types of primary canines.

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
• /
• v.58 no.8
• /
• pp.476-485
• /
• 2020

The purpose of this study was to analyze the color distribution of the maxillary primary central and lateral incisors using a dental spectrophotometer. Color measurements of maxillary primary central and lateral incisors of 32 pediatric patients aged 2 to 6 years were performed using SpectroShade Handy Dental Type 713000 (Serial No. HDL2678, MHT, Verona, Italy) by one researcher in the same clinic. CIE L*, a*, b* values of total surfaces and cervical, middle, incisal region were recorded. L* values were higher and a* values were lower in the primary central incisors than those in primary lateral incisors, but b* values didn't show statistical difference. L* values of the middle region were the highest, and a* and b* values decreased from the cervical region to the incisal region. There were significant color differences between each region, and ΔE*_ab between each region were greater than ΔE*_ab between the primary central and lateral incisors. For esthetic restorations of primary incisors, it is necessary to consider the color differences between each region rather than those between the primary central and lateral incisors.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
• /
• v.33 no.4
• /
• pp.717-721
• /
• 2006

Premature loss of maxillary primary incisors often results from early childhood caries (ECC), trauma. While space maintenance in the posterior region is an important consideration when there is early loss of primary molars, the anterior segment appears to be stable, even with the early loss of several incisors, once the primary canines erupt. However, collapse of anterior arch integrity is evident in cases where incisor teeth are in a crowded dentition prior to extraction or lost before the eruption of the primary canines. So, when early loss of maxillary primary incisors, the aim of restoration is esthetics, speech problem, oral habit such as tongue thrusting than space maintenance. This paper reports that the esthetic problem due to premature loss of maxillary incisors can be successfully resolved by soldered open-faced stainless steel crown.

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
• /
• v.20 no.12 s.163
• /
• pp.1049-1052
• /
• 1982

This study was performed to investigate the changes of dento-alveolar relationship in relation to the eruption of in cisors using roentgenocephalometry. The Subjects consisted of 76 females from 4 to 8 years with normal occlusion. The following conclusions were obtained: 1. When maxillary and mandibular permanent central incisors were erupted, maxillary alveolar prognathism was increased, while mandibular alveolar prognathism was not changed. 2. Axial inclination of permanent incisors was greater than that of primary incisors.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
• /
• v.37 no.4
• /
• pp.526-531
• /
• 2010

Early childhood caries which mainly affect maxillary anterior area, defined as 'the presence of 1 or more decayed, missing, or filled tooth surfaces in any primary tooth in a child 71 months of age or younger'. Extraction of teeth when early childhood caries affected in maxillary primary incisors often develops progressively, result in severe destruction of crowns, acute or chronic pulpitis, and periapical abscess formation. Maxillary primary incisors are need to preserve as possible, because the early loss of maxillary primary incisors may lead to various functional, esthetical, and psychological problems. It is necessary to the availability of an easy to perform technique capable of providing efficient, durable, functional, and esthetic restorative methods. Polyethylene fiber-reinforced post can be used in strengthen of composite resins that is esthetic and good physical and mechanical properties. $Ribbond^{(R)}$ is made from an polyethylene fiber, has numerous usages, its surface is treated to enhance adhesion to resins, ease of manipulation, relatively cost effective. We report this case, had restored of maxillary primary incisors with severe coronal destruction due to affecting severe early childhood caries, using polyethylene fiber-reinforced posts, composite resin cores, and celluloid crowns. We could obtain good result of treatment.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
• /
• v.5 no.1
• /
• pp.64-75
• /
• 1978

In order to know cephalometric norms for the preschool children, this roentgeno cephalometric study was undertaken in each 50 Korean male and female children of primary dentition age from 4 to 5 year. The following results were obtained. 1. In the skeletal analysis, there was no significant difference between male and female in angular measurement and the linear measument of the male was generally greater than that of the female. 2. Saddle angle was $122.3^{\circ}$, articular angle was $147.6^{\circ}$, gonial angle was $119.4^{\circ}$ and the sum of each angle was $396.1^{\circ}$ in male and $396.6^{\circ}$ in female. 3. The ratio of mandibular body to anterior cranial base was about 1 : 0.91. 4. In the primary dentition, suggested that the nasion and point A move forward relative to sella turcica in a fashion, pogonion and point B are equal in angular position relative to plan S-N, bony chin and chin button was yet underdeveloped, and the forward growth of mandible was seen rapid than maxilla after 4 years. 5. Suggested that the percentage of anterior facial height to the posterior facial height were 64.4% in male and 64.1% in female. 6. Maxillary primary incisors was more upright than the permanent incisors, mandibular primary incisors was inclined lingually relative to the permanent incisor, and primary incisors was more upright than the permanent incisors. 7. Maxillary primary incisors in female was inclined labially than male. 8. In the the relationship of the upper lip and lower lip to the esthetic line, the upper lip was 2.11mm and the lower lip was 2.33mm front of the esthetic line.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
• /
• v.30 no.4
• /
• pp.605-610
• /
• 2003

Physiologic root resorption occur from the apex of the primary teeth close to the permanent teeth towards the apex. Pathologic root resorption occur on surfaces of root due to causes such as trauma, replantation, orthodontic treatment, delayed or irregular eruption of teeth, or growing cysts or tumors. In children, the most frequently affected teeth from trauma are the maxillary primary central incisors. After such an event, root resorption initiate from the traumatized pulp or periodontium. In this case report, periapical radiographs were used to evaluate the features of pathologic root resorption by studying patients with history of trauma. The following results were noted. 1. Pathologic root resorption was observed in various patterns in all of the 10 traumatized maxillary primary central incisors. 2. Though teeth with pathologic root resorption were treated with pulpectomy, the resorption process continued to progress.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
• /
• v.28 no.2
• /
• pp.255-260
• /
• 2001

Trauma to the primary incisors may cause developmental or eruptional disturbance of the permanent successors. Two cases illustrate developmental disturbances of arrested root formation, dilaceration, and eruptional disturbances of impaction, ectopic eruption of permanent successors caused by traumatic injury to deciduous incisors. The patient of the first case suffered trauma at the age of 4 years 7 months, causing alveolar bone fracture including the maxillary right primary central and lateral incisors that were immedi-ately extracted. The second patient had trauma episodes at the age of 3 years. Avulsion of the maxillary primary right central and lateral incisors were occurred due to trauma. After such trauma, regular follow-up including radiographs is necessary to detect early any possible interference with normal eruption of permanent successors.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
• /
• v.46 no.3
• /
• pp.171-179
• /
• 2016

Objective: The primary aim of the study was to generate new prediction equations for the estimation of maxillary and mandibular canine and premolar widths based on mandibular incisors and first permanent molar widths. Methods: A total of 2,340 calculations (768 based on the sum of mandibular incisor and first permanent molar widths, and 1,572 based on the maxillary and mandibular canine and premolar widths) were performed, and a digital stereomicroscope was used to derive the the digital models and measurements. Mesiodistal widths of maxillary and mandibular teeth were measured via scanned digital models. Results: There was a strong positive correlation between the estimation of maxillary (r = 0.85994, $r^2=0.7395$) and mandibular (r = 0.8708, $r^2=0.7582$) canine and premolar widths. The intraclass correlation coefficients were statistically significant, and the coefficients were in the strong correlation range, with an average of 0.9. Linear regression analysis was used to establish prediction equations. Prediction equations were developed to estimate maxillary arches based on $Y=15.746+0.602{\times}sum$ of mandibular incisors and mandibular first permanent molar widths (sum of mandibular incisors [SMI] + molars), $Y=18.224+0.540{\times}(SMI+molars)$, and $Y=16.186+0.586{\times}(SMI+molars)$ for both genders, and to estimate mandibular arches the parameters used were $Y=16.391+0.564{\times}(SMI+molars)$, $Y=14.444+0.609{\times}(SMI+molars)$, and $Y=19.915+0.481{\times}(SMI+molars)$. Conclusions: These formulas will be helpful for orthodontic diagnosis and clinical treatment planning during the mixed dentition stage.