• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.511-517
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• 1983

For the purpose of clinical analysis of secundum atrial septal defect, the patients with atrial septal defect operated on during the period from Aug. 1959 to Aug. 1983 were analysed. The age of the patients was ranged from 3 months to 60 years and there were 132 males [45.3%] patients and 145 female patients [54.6%] in this series. The most frequent type was oval type defect in 219 [86.9%]. The PAPVC were present in 7 patients of high defect group. Clinical analysis revealed 53 patients [19.9%] were asymptomatic. The QP/QS above than 3.61 were 45 patients and less than 1.5 were 24 patients. The pulmonary artery pressure was 10 to 100 mmHg. The majority of the defects were closed in primary suture and closed with a Dacron patch in 19 patients. The postoperative complications occurred in 35 patients [13.1%] and the most frequent complication was wound problem which was present in 10 patients. The hospital mortality rate was 1.6%.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.563-570
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• 1983

For the purpose of evaluation of clinical characteristics and histopathological properties in mediastinal tumors, 130 patients with mediastinal tumors treated during the period from 1958 to 1982 were reviewed. Cancers of unidentified primary site of origin, nonneoplastic lesions and the cases with clinical diagnosis only were excluded from this report. There were 69 males and 61 females, and their ages ranged from 2 months to 66 years, with the average age of 31.3 years. 19.2% of patients were younger than 15 years of age. The most frequently encountered tumors were teratodermoids, followed by neurogenic tumors, thymic tumors, benign cysts, malignant lymphomas and miscellaneous tumors in order of decreasing frequency. 75.4% of the mediastinal tumors were benign and 24.6% were malignant. 16.6% of the patients were asymptomatic at admission. There were 2 postoperative deaths with 1.7% of operative mortality rate, and 2 other deaths who were not operated upon, showing overall hospital mortality rate of 3.1%. Postoperative follow up was possible in 84 cases, and there were 4 late deaths.

• Speech Sciences
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.163-171
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• 2004

The primary goal of the present study was to explore more detailed evidence for the influence of aging and gender effects on the capability of Korean healthy, ears to generate DPOAEs. DPOAEs were examined in series of human subjects, with clinically nonnal hearing, ranging in age from 10 to 65 years. All 60 Koreans were divided into 6 age groups. Each age group included 10 participants, 5 females and 5 males. The gender effects on the difference between the absolute amplitude and noise floor value in DPOAEs did not exist. The difference increased as the frequency increased. The aging effects on the difference between the absolute amplitude and noise floor value in DPOAEs did exist. The difference increased as the frequency increased but orderly age effects could not be found. The principle finding was that, when compared between emissions in young and old ears, DPOAEs accurately tracked the systematic deterioration of high-frequency hearing in aging individuals. Such results support the need to reestablish the criterion for interpretation of DPOAEs in the elderly.

• PNF and Movement
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.235-241
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• 2022

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of low intensity blood flow restriction training (LBFR) on the central nervous system of healthy adults. Methods: Ten healthy right-handed adults (eight males and two females, mean age of 28.6 ± 2.87 years) were selected as study subjects. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was conducted to measure brain activation (BA) following LBFR and non-LBFR. The primary motor area, premotor area, and supplementary motor area, which are closely related to exercise, were set as the regions of interest. Results: The BA recorded during the LBFR condition was 931.7 ± 302.44 voxel, and the BA recorded during the non-LBFR condition was 1,510.9 ± 353.47 voxel. Conclusion: BA was lower during LBFR than during non-LBFR.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.91-96
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• 2010

Many studies have shown that there is a strong relationship between the congenitally missing primary teeth and their succedaneous permanent teeth. However, especially in case of lower anterior region, we can observe the existence of permanent teeth even though their precedent primary teeth were missed at times. The purpose of this study was to reveal the relationship between the congenitally missing primary lower anterior teeth and their succedaneous permanent teeth in Korean children. Total of 14,307 children, under 6 years of age, who attended the department of pediatric dentistry, Seoul National University Dental Hospital, Seoul, Korea from January 1st 2005 to September 5th 2008 were radiologically examined using the panoramic x-ray in order to analyze the relationship between the congenitally missing primary lower anterior teeth and their succedaneous permanent teeth. The results were as follows : 1. The prevalence of congenitally missing lower anterior teeth in primary dentition was 0.24%. The odds ratio of both the primary and permanent anterior teeth being present was 7163.5 and only the permanent anterior teeth being present was 0.79. 2. The percentage of all succedaneous permanent teeth being present was 44.12% in cases of missing lower primary anteriors. The odds ratio of at least one succedaneous permanent teeth being present in cases of bilateral primary anterior teeth missing was 1.57 times more common than in cases of unilateral primary teeth missing. 3. The odds ratio of primary missing teeth being unilateral was 2.2 times higher in females. Moreover, the odds ratio of succedaneous permanent teeth being present in cases of primary teeth missing was 2.22 times higher in males.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.139-144
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• 2003

Purpose: Because of an improving gastric cancer detection program and treatment methods, we can expect improved survival of patients with gastric cancer. Given the longer survival times, the chance of an occurrence of multiple primary malignant tumors other than stomach is increased in the same patients. The purpose of this study is to analyze the clinical characteristrics and the survival of patients with gastric cancer and other malignancies. Materials and Methods: A retrospective study of 3669 patients with gastric cancer observed at our department between January 1994 to December 2002 was conducted. Associated tumors were diagnosed using the Warren and Gates criteria, and included tumors that were not considered to be a metastasis, invasion, or recurrence of the gastric cancer. Results: Of all 3669 patients, $2.07\%$ (n=76) had primary tumors other than gastric cancer, $63\%$ of which were synchronous (n=48) and $37\%$ metachronous (n=28). The mean age of the study group was 64.9 (65.5 in males, 61.8 in females), and the male-to-female ratio was 4.8 : 1. The most common cancer associated with gastric cancer was a hepatocellular carcinoma ($23.7\%$), followed by colorectal cancer ($17.1\%$), esophageal cancer ($10.5\%$), breast cancer ($6.6\%$). Of the 45 patients who had undergone a resection, 14 were in stage I, 12 in stage II, 13 in stage III, and 6 in stage IV. No statistically significant differences were found between the synchronous and the metachronous groups with regard to age, sex ratio, differentiation, and stage. The 5-year survival rates of the metachronous and the resected patients were significantly higher than those of the synchronous and the non resected patients, respectively. Conclusion: Due to increasing length of the follow-up period for patients with gastric cancer, another malignancy may develop in other organs. Therefore, physicians should pay attention to detect other cancers early in these patients, and a surgical resection is recommended as the treatment of choice in the management of multiple primary cancer associated with gastric cancer.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.14
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• pp.5709-5714
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• 2015

Aim: To assess the treatment outcome in patients with malignant skin melanoma and prognostic factors for distant metastases (DM), disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS). Materials and Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 113 patients with malignant skin melanoma (60 females, 53 males, average age-55 years) who were treated surgically. Primary treatment consisted of local excision. In 12 cases, it was accompanied by lymph node excision. In 93 (82%) cases, radicalization was necessary, which was either local only (19 cases) or accompanied by lymph node surgery/biopsy (74 cases). Possible prognostic factors such as Clark's stage and Breslow's depth of invasion, ulceration, average tumor dimensions, lymph nodes metastases (pN+), gender, tumor location and primary excision margins were considered. Results: In 51 (45%) cases, treatment failure occurred. The 5-year DM rate was 47%, the 5-year DFS was 38%, and the 5-year OS was 56%. In the univariate analysis, the important factors with respect to at least one endpoint included Clark's stage, Breslow's depth of invasion, ulceration, average tumor dimensions, lymph nodes metastases, gender and primary tumor localization. The presence of metastasic nodes was the most important prognostic factor, with a 5-year DM rates of 30% for pN(-) and 76% for pN(+) and a 5-year DFS and OS of 56% and 76% for pN(-) and 13% and 24% for pN(+), respectively. The average tumor dimension was independently significant for DFS and OS, with 5-year rates of 69% and 80% for ${\leq}1cm$, 28% and 53% for 1-2 cm, and 18% and 30% for >2 cm, respectively. Tumor location was also significant for DM and OS, with 5-year rates of 69% vs 33% and 41% vs 66% for trunk vs other locations, respectively. Conclusions: The natural course of a malignant skin melanoma treated radically is disadvantageous, with unsuccessful outcome in nearly half of the cases. Common clinical factors, such as Clark's tumor stage, Breslow's depth of invasion and the presence of metastatic nodes, have high prognostic significance. The size and location of the primary lesion may be considered independent prognostic factors. The most important negative prognostic factor is the presence of metastatic regional lymph nodes. Only one quarter of patients with metastases in lymph nodes survive 5 years from primary surgery.

• The Journal of the Korean bone and joint tumor society
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.112-117
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• 2006

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate on primary bone tumors of fibula. Materials and Methods: Patients who received operative treatment from January 1993 to December 2005 for primary bone tumors of fibula were analyzed for clinical outcomes. Results: There were 17 patients(10 males, 7 females) who were diagnosed for primary bone tumors of fibula. Osteochondroma was the most common diagnosis and others were osteosarcoma, fibrous dysplasia. The malignant bone tumors were 10.5% of all fibula tumors. There were 12 cases on proximal, 4 cases on mid shaft, and 1 cases on distal part of fibula. At the final follow up, 14 patients reported patient satisfaction of either excellent or good. Conclusion: Bone tumor of fibula doesn't need reconstruction after the resection unless it invades tibia or its site distal, which enables easy surgical resection. However, generally it is rare and accompany with vague symptoms, so careful approach to diagnosis is necessary because late diagnosis can mean the needs for amputation.

• Archives of Craniofacial Surgery
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.62-70
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• 2024

Background: The management of cleft lip and palate aims at improving the patient's aesthetic and functional outcomes. Delaying primary repair can disrupt the patient's functional status. Long-term follow-up is essential to evaluate the need for secondary repair or revision surgery. This article presents the epidemiology of cleft lip and palate, including comprehensive patient characteristics, the extent of delay, and secondary repair at our institutional center, the Bandung Cleft Lip and Palate Center, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia. Methods: This retrospective study aimed to determine the epidemiology and recurrence rates of cleft lip and palate at the Bandung Cleft Lip and Palate Center, Indonesia, from January 2007 to December 2021. The inclusion criteria were patients diagnosed with cleft lip and/or palate. Procedures such as labioplasty, palatoplasty, secondary lip and nasal repair, and alveolar bone grafting were performed, and data on recurrence were available. Results: In total, there were 3,618 patients with cleft lip and palate, with an age range of 12 months to 67 years. The mean age was 4.33 years, and the median age was 1.35 years. Males predominated over females in all cleft types (60.4%), and the cleft lip was on the left side in 1,677 patients (46.4%). Most cases were unilateral (2,531; 70.0%) and complete (2,349; 64.9%), and involved a diagnosis of cleft lip and palate (1,981; 54.8%). Conclusion: Delayed primary labioplasty can affect daily functioning. Primary repair for patients with cleft lip and palate may be postponed due to limited awareness, socioeconomic factors, inadequate facilities, and varying adherence to treatment guidelines. Despite variations in the timing of primary cleft lip repair (not adhering to the recommended protocol), only 10% of these patients undergo reoperation. Healthcare providers should prioritize the importance of the ideal timing for primary repair in order to optimize physiological function without compromising the aesthetic results.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Clinical Toxicology
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.8-13
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• 2014

Purpose: Glyphosate (N-phosphonomethyl glycine) is widely used as an herbicide for weed control in rural areas. It is also readily available for suicide attempts. Glyphosate has high toxicity and negatively affects the human body. The aim of this investigation was to study the genotoxicity of a low-concentration of glyphosate through sister chromatid exchange (SCE) in human blood lymphocytes in vitro. Methods: Primary lymphocyte cultures were obtained from blood samples of 11 males and seven females who had been exposed to glyphosate (0, 100, 200, and 300 ng/mL). The frequency of SCEs was examined and statistical analysis was performed. Results: All doses of glyphosate induced a significant dose-dependent increase in SCE frequency compared with the control group (P<0.001). In particular, the SCE frequency for exposure to low-dose glyphosate was significantly higher in females than in males. Conclusion: According to the result of this study, even a low-dose of glyphosate may damage DNA and females are more vulnerable to glyphosate.