• The Korean Journal of Cytopathology
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.167-171
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• 1994

Small cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder is a rare tumor which occurs in about 0.48 % of all bladder tumors. We report cytologic features of small cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder in a 66-year-old man who had painless total gross hematuria, which was confirmed by partial cystectomy. In urine cytology, abundant tumor cells appeared in scattered and clustered forms in a bloody background. The tumor cells were small and uniform in size with a high nuclear/cytoplasmic ratio. The nuclei of the tumor cells were hyperchromatic, characteristically molded and showed inconspicuous nucleoli. The cytoplasms were scanty and pale blue.

• The Korean Journal of Cytopathology
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.153-156
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• 2007

Primary small cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder is an extremely rare but important entity. We experienced a case of small cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder diagnosed by urine cytology. A 59-year-old man presented with gross hematuria and dysuria, and a calcified mass was detected at the left ureterovesical junction by cystoscopy. Abdominal ultrasonography revealed focal wall thickening at the left lateral side of the urinary bladder, and urine cytology findings were of an inflammatory background and atypical small round cells with minute hyperchromatic or pyknotic nuclei, scant cytoplasm, and rare nucleoli. In addition, atypical cells were scattered in an isolated single cell pattern or in small loose clusters with prominent nuclear molding. Subsequent histological and immunohistochemical examinations confirmed a diagnosis of small cell carcinoma.

• The Korean Journal of Cytopathology
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.121-125
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• 2001

Primary small cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder is a rare malignant tumor. A more rapidly fatal course may be seen in advanced stages of small cell carcinoma as compared to similar stages of urothelial carcinoma. It is very important to recognize this distinct form of bladder cancer by urinary cytology The differential diagnosis of small cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder includes metastatic small cell carcinoma, urothelial carcinoma, and primary or secondary malignant lymphoma. This article highlights the urinary cytologic diagnosis of a case of primary small cell carcinoma. A 59-year-old male presented with gross hematuria for five months. Urinary cytology showed high cellularity consisting of tiny monotonous tumor cells in the necrotic background. The tumor cells occurred predominantly singly, but a few in clusters. The cytoplasm was so scanty that only a very narrow rim of it was seen. The nuclei were oval or round and had finely stippled chromatin. Rarely, the nuclei contain visible nucleoli. Frequently cell molding was noted in clusters. Many single cells demonstrated nuclear pyknosis or karyorrhexis. The histologic findings of transurethral resection and partial cystectomy specimen were those of small cell carcinoma. Cytologic distinction may be very difficult but careful attention to clinical features and cellualr details can classify these neoplasms correctly.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.205-213
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• 2004

Purpose: To evaluate the clinical manifestations of various glomerular diseases in children, a clinicopathological study was performed in 52 children who had renal biopsy. The type and relative incidence of the glomerular pathologies were analyzed, and the clinical predictability and usefulness of renal biopsy in glomerular diseases were assessed. Methods: Medical records of fifty two children with renal disease who had undergone percutaneous renal biopsy under ultrasonic guidance at Chungnam University Hospital from October 1995 to August 2003 were reviewed. In addition, we compared the clinical findings before renal biopsy with the pathological diagnosis. Results: The male to female ratio was 1.6:1 and they were $9.8\pm2.6$ years old on average. The chief complaints for biopsy were hematuria in 22 cases which was the most common (42.3%), proteinuria in 16 cases(30.8%), and hematuria & proteinuria(26.9%). Among the 22 cases of hematuria, there were 15 cases of gross hematuria(68.2%) and 7 cases of microscopic hematuria(31.8%). In terms of histopathologic diagnosis, most of them were primary glomerular diseases(84.6%), which included IgA nephropathy(28.8%), thin glomerular basement membrane disease(25.0%), focal segmental glomerulosclerosis(FSGS)(11.5%), membranous proliferative glomerulonephritis(7.7%), minimal change lesion(3.8%), acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis(3.8%) and membranous glomerulonephritis(3.8%). The clinical manifestations and pathologic diagnosis were not correlated. Conclusion: The clinical manifestations could not predict the pathological diagnosis. Therefore, renal biopsy would be inevitable in diagnosis of glomerular diseases for effective management and assessment of prognosis.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.8-14
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• 2017

Purpose: To classify the results of renal biopsy in pediatric patients and to compare pathological findings with clinical features. Methods: This study included data of 318 children who underwent renal biopsy at our hospital between December 1987 and November 2014. Biopsy specimens were examined histopathologically using light, immunofluorescence, and electron microscopy. Results: Asymptomatic urinary abnormalities was the most common clinical diagnosis (35.9%), followed by nephrotic syndrome (29.3%), and acute glomerulonephritis (18.0%). Glomerular disease was identified in 98.1% of the renal biopsy specimens. The most common primary cause of glomerulonephritis was IgA nephropathy, with gross hematuria in 61.9% of the patients, hypertension in 14.2%, proteinuria >1.0 gm/24-hr in 33.3%, and impaired renal function in 3.6% patients. Conclusion: The most common clinical diagnosis was asymptomatic urinary abnormalities, with primary glomerular disease being the most common renal biopsy finding, and IgA nephropathy the most common histopathological lesion. This study provides a 27-year overview of pediatric renal disease at our center and underlines the importance of renal biopsy for accurate diagnosis and proper management.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.51-53
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• 2012

Henoch-Sch$\ddot{o}$nlein purpura (HSP) is the most common vasculitis in children and is characterized by cutaneous purpura, arthritis, abdominal pain, and nephritis. Bullous skin lesions are rare in children. We report a case involving a 9-year-old female with HSP who displayed rapidly evolving hemorrhagic bullae from the primary purpuric lesions during systemic corticosteroid therapy. The bullae disappeared within 7 days of systemic corticosteroid therapy. Some scar lesions of the skin developed on acute phase recovered completely after 6 months. Bullae should not be considered as a poor prognostic factor of HSP and its renal outcome. Skin biopsy in HSP children with bullae is not necessary if clinical diagnostic criteria of HSP are met. However, further evaluation of more pediatric HSP with bullae is needed to get the clearer conclusions. We report a 9-year-old female with HSP who showed the rapidly evolving hemorrhagic bullae from primary purpuric lesions during systemic corticosteroid therapy.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.85 no.3
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• pp.654-660
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• 2024

Primary malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH) is a malignant tumor of mesenchymal origin that rarely occurs in the urinary tract, particularly in the urinary bladder. Unlike urothelial carcinoma, which accounts for most bladder cancers, it occurs in the submucosal portion of the bladder wall and consists of the lamina propria, muscularis propria, and adventitia. It is presumed to originate from poorly differentiated pluripotent mesenchymal cells in which fibroblasts and histiocytes are partially differentiated. Radiologically, it is known as the "non-papillary tumor" and is commonly diagnosed as a large mass without necrosis, which shows invasion beyond the muscularis propia. Although the prognosis of this rare malignancy depends on pathological parameters, it generally has a poor prognosis with high local tumor recurrence. Here, we present a case of primary MFH in the urinary bladder with clinical symptoms of lower abdominal pain without gross hematuria that recurred rapidly and showed an aggressive disease course.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.249-252
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• 2015

Primary renal tumors are uncommon in dogs with prevalence rate of approximately 1%. Renal carcinoma originating from epithelium of proximal convoluted tubules are more likely to be affected to Middle-aged dogs (average age, 8y), males about twice as often as bitches. A 10-year-old, female, German Shepherd dog with history of anorexia, vomitting and hematuria was referred to the Animal Disease Diagnostic Division in Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency. The dog was necropsied and several organs were collected, fixed in 10% phosphate-buffered formalin, embedded in paraffin wax and sectioned for histopathology. Grossly, the kidneys were bilaterally enlarged ($18{\times}12{\times}8cm$; left, $18{\times}10{\times}8cm$; right). The numerous cysts varying sizes from 3 to 6 cm in diameter were protruding from the surface of both kidney. A large nodule ($10{\times}6{\times}6cm$) was discovered between cardiac and diaphragmatic lobe in the right lung. Immunohistochemical examination revealed strong positive reaction to cytokeratin and ki-67 in the nuclei of the epithelial tumor cells. But showed negative reactions to vimentin and CD10. Based on the pathological and immunohistochemical examination, we diagnosed as the bilateral renal cystadenocarcinoma in German shepherd dog.

• The Korean Journal of Cytopathology
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.78-83
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• 2002

We report the cytologic features of a case of primary small cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder with high grade transitional cell and signet ring cell carcinomatous components. A 64-year-old male presented with gross hematuria for one week. Computed tomography revealed an ill-defined mass in the left lateral wall of the urinary bladder. Urinary cytology showed hypercellularity with predominantly isolated single cells and clustered cells. They have scanty cytoplasm and naked hyperchromatic nuclei with finely granular nuclear chromatin and rare nucleoli. The tumor cells occurred predominantly singe cells, but a few in clusters. Nuclear molding was prominent. No glandular formation or nesting was noted. The second tumor cells had high nuclear/cytoplasmic ratio, irregular nuclear membrane, and coarse granular chromatin. The background was inflamed and necrotic. The histoiogic findings of transurethral resection were mainly composed of small cell carcinoma, and partly transitional cell and signet ring cell carcinomatous components. Small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma have distinctive cytologic features to make a proper diagnosis.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.459-463
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• 2015

A 14-year-old, castrated male mixed-breed dog weighing 9 kg was presented for hematuria and dysuria. Abdominal ultrasound showed unilateral hydronephrosis and hydroureter with focal thickening of the ureteral wall. Surgical exploration revealed an intraluminal mass arising from the proximal left ureter. Mass resection was performed. Histopathology of the ureteral mass was consistent with a papillary transitional cell carcinoma. The patient recovered well post-operatively, but was diagnosed with another tumor three months later, this time in the right kidney. Fine-needle aspiration cytology of the renal mass revealed an epithelial cell tumor with mesenchymal features.