• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.64-70
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• 2009

목 적: 국소 진행되어 절제가 불가능한 췌장암에 있어 동시 항암화학 방사선 요법이 표준 요법으로 자리 잡아 왔다. 그러나 최근 들어 항암화학 단독 요법만으로도 좋은 결과를 보이는 연구 결과가 발표되고 있다. 이에 저자들은 국소 진행된 췌장암 환자들의 치료법에 따른 생존율 등을 비교하여 동시 항암화학 방사선 요법의 역할을 재조명하여 보고자하였다. 대상 및 방법: 2000년 1월부터 2008년 1월까지 인하대학교에서 절제 불가능한 췌장암으로 진단되어 치료를 받았던 55명의 환자를 대상으로 후향적 분석을 시행하였다. 동시 항암화학 방사선 요법은 5-FU에 기반한 항암화학 요법과 동시에 원발병소와 주위 림프절을 포함한 부분에 54 Gy (36~59.4 Gy)를 조사하였다. 항암화학 단독 요법은 gemcitabine단독 또는 5-FU와 병용하여 치료하였다. 치료 방법에 따른 치료반응과 전체 생존율 및 무진행생존율을 비교하였으며 예후인자들을 분석하였다. 결 과: 55명의 환자 중 동시 항암화학 방사선 요법을 받은 환자가 34명, 항암화학 단독 요법을 받은 환자가 21명이었다. 치료 방법에 따른 중앙 생존 기간은 각각 12개월, 11개월, 1년 생존율은 43%, 46%로 통계적으로 차이를 보이지 않았다. 중앙 무진행 생존기간은 각각 8개월, 5개월로 다소간 차이를 보였으나 통계적으로 의미있는 결과를 보이지는 않았다. 치료 반응도는 두 군 모두에서 완전 관해는 없었지만 부분 관해는 동시 항암화학 방사선 요법이 26%, 항암화학 단독 요법이 6%로 통계학적으로 의미 있는 차이를 보였다. 치료 중 독성은 동시 항암화학 방사선 요법이 장독성이 더 많았으나 다른 독성에는 차이가 없었다. 예후인자는 림프절 전이가 있는 경우, CA19-9이 1,000 U/ml 이상인 경우, 췌장암이 꼬리부분에 있는 경우가 나빴다. 결 론: 절제 불가능한 췌장암 치료에 있어서 동시 항암화학 방사선 요법이 항암화학 단독 요법에 비하여 무진행생존율을 향상 시키는 경향을 보였고, 치료 반응도에서도 더 좋은 결과를 보였다. 따라서 방사선 치료가 종양의 국소 제어에는 효과적인 것으로 생각된다.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.181-189
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• 1996

목적 : 다형성 교모세포증 환자의 생존율에 영향을 미치는 예후인자와 치료성적을 분석하여 생존율을 향상시킬 수 있는 치료방법을 모색하고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법 : 1973년 1월부터 1993년 12월까지 연세의료원에서 치료를 시행받은 다형성 교모세포증 환자 121명을 대상으로 하여 이들의 생존율에 영향을 미치는 예후인자와 치료성적을 주된 증상의 발현 기간, 연령, 전신수행도 등의 임상특성과 수술적 절제 정도, 방사선치료여부 등의 치료와 관련된 요인으로 분류하여 분석하였다. 결과 : 전체 환자의 정중 생존 기간은 13개월이었고 2년 전체 생존율은 $20.8\%$였다. 단일변량분석에서 의미있는 예후인자로는 주된 증상의 발현 기간, 연령, 전신수행도, 방사선치료여부, 수술적 절제 정도 등이었으며 이들 예후인자에 따른 2년 전체 생존율은 각각 주된 증상의 발현기간이 3개월을 초과한 경우에는 $47.2\%$(p=0.0082), 연령이 50세 미만인 경우에는 $32.9\%$(p=0.0003), 전신수행도가 80이상인 경우에는 $36.9\%$(p=0.0422), 방사선치료를 시행한 경우에는 $22.9\%$(p=0.0030), 완전절제나 부분절제가 시행된 경우에는 $23.3\%$(p<0.000)이었고 다변량분석에서는 전신수행도를 제외한(p=0.8823) 주된 증상의 발현 기간, 연령, 방사선치료여부, 수술적 절제 정도 등이 의미있는 예후인자였다. 항암화학요법의 병용여부에 따른 2년 전체 생존을은 각각 $22.3\%$와 $19.4\%$이었다(p=0.6028). 주된 증상의 발현 기간이 3개월 이하인 경우와 연령이 50세 이상인 경우, 뇌정위적 생검만 시행된 경우를 위험인자로 보았을 때 위험인자가 없었던 환자군의 정중 생존 기간과 2년 전체 생존율은 각각 29개월과 $53.9\%$이었고 3개의 위험인자를 모두 가지고 있는 환자군의 정중 생존 기간과 2년 전체 생존율은 각각 4개월과 $0\%$이었다. 원발병소에서의 국소치료실패양상이 $86.4\%$(51/59)로 치료실패양상의 대부분을 차지하였다. 결론 : 주된 증상의 발현 기간, 연령, 방사선치료여부, 수술적 절제 정도 등이 생존율에 영향을 미치는 통계적으로 유의한 예후인자이었고 현재까지의 저조한 치료성적을 향상시키기 위해서는 국소제어율을 향상시키는 방안에 대한 연구가 진행되어야 할 것으로 생각된다.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.275-279
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• 2000

Purpose: Radiation damage is produced and viable cell number is reduced. We need to know the type of cell death by the ionizing radiation and the amount and duration of cell cycle arrest. In this study, we want to identified the main cause of the cellular damage in the oral cancer cells and normal keratinocytes with clinically useful radiation dosage. Materials and Methods: Human gingival tissue specimens obtained from healthy volunteers were used for primary culture of the normal human oral keratinocytes (NHOK). Primary NHOK were prepared from separated epithelial tissue and maintained in keratinocyte growth medium containing 0.15 mM calcium and a supplementary growth factor bullet kit. Fadu and Hep-2 cell lines were obtained from KCLB. Cells were irradiated in a /sup 137/Cs γ-irradiator at the dose of 10 Gy. The dose rate was 5.38 Gy/min. The necrotic cell death was examined with Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) activity in the culture medium. Every 4 day after irradiation, LDH activities were read and compared control group. Cell cycle phase distribution and preG1-incidence after radiation were analyzed by flow cytometry using Propidium Iodine staining. Cell cycle analysis were carried out with a FAC Star plus flowcytometry (FACS, Becton Dickinson, USA) and DNA histograms were processed with CELLFIT software (Becton Dickinson, USA). Results: LDH activity increased in all of the experimental cells by the times. This pattern could be seen in the non-irradiated cells, and there was no difference between the non-irradiated cells and irradiated cells. We detected an induction of apoptosis after irradiation with a single dose of 10 Gy. The maximal rate of apoptosis ranged from 4.0% to 8.0% 4 days after irradiation. In all experimental cells, we detected G2/M arrest after irradiation with a single dose of 10 Gy. Yet there were differences in the number of G2/M arrested cells. The maximal rate of the G2/M ranges from 60.0% to 80.0% 24h after irradiation. There is no significant changes on the rate of the G0/G1 phase. Conclusion: Radiation sensitivity was not related with necrosis but cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. These data suggested that more arrested cell is correlated with more apoptosis.

• 대한두경부종양학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.36-40
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• 2002

Background and Objectives: To determine if laser endoscopic microsurgery is a reliable and appropriate approach in the treatment of laryngeal carcinomas. Materials and Methods: Retrospective study of 62 patients treated with CO2 laser from June 1988 to November 2000 at Seoul National University Hospital for laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma. All patients were treated with curative intention. Fifty three untreated patients with laryngeal carcinoma (39 glottic and 14 supraglottic carcinoma patients) had primary carbon dioxide laser microsurgery. Nine radiation failure patients were treated. Postoperative radiotheray was done for 17 patients. Neck dissection was performed simultaneously for 4 supraglottic cases with cervical nodal metastasis. Mean follow-up duration was 40 months. Results: In primary laser surgery group, distribution of tumors (American Joint Committee on Cancer, 1997) were 38 cases with Tl, 13 cases with T2, 2 cases with T3. Cure rate was 88.7%(47/53) and local control rate was 92.5%(49/53). Larynx was preserved in 94%(50/53) of patients. The overall 5-year survival rate(Kaplan-Meier) was 81.5%. In radiation failure group, 56% of patients were recurred after laser surgery. Conclusion: Laser surgery could be a better treatment modality for early laryngeal cancers and selected advanced cases. Additional radiation therapy should be considered if resection margin is not satisfactory.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.17-23
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• 1996

목적 : 외과적 절제가 불가능하거나 내과적인 문제로 수술을 받을 수 없는 식도암환자에서 방사선-항암화학 병용치료를 시행하였으며 이를 방사선 단독치료군의 치료결과와 후향적으로 비교 분석하였다. 대상 및 방법 : 1983년 10월부터 1994년 12월까지 인제대학교부속 백병원 치료방사선과에서 식도암으로 치료받은 환자 64명중 추적관찰이 가능하였던 55명을 대상으로하였다. 이중 방사선-항암화학 병용치료군은 30명(A군), 방사선 단독치료군은 25명(B군)이었다. 외부방사선치료는 4 MV 선형가속기를 이용하여 식도의 원발병소와 인접 림프절을 포함하는 조사야로 치료하였고, 조사선량은 2520-6480cGy(중앙값 5460cGy), 180-200cGy/fx으로 주었다. 항암화학요법은 방사선 치료전 또는 후에 총1-13회(중앙값 2회)가 시행되었고, 연령 및 성별분포는 두 군에서 유사하였고, 병리 조직학적 소견상 50명이 편평상피암이었다. 진단당시 병기별분포(1983년 AJCC)는 병기 I, II, III가 각각 A군 1, 5, 24명, B군 1, 8, 16명이었다. 종괴크기에 따라 5cm미만과 5cm이상이 각각 A군 5,25명, B군 3,22명이었다. 총 조사선량은 50Gy미만과 50Gy이상이 각각 A군 14, 16명, B군 11, 14명이었다. 두 군의 치료결과 비교 및 각군에서의 예후인자를 알아보기 위하여 병기, 종괴의 크기, 조사선량에 따라 1년 및 2년 생존율을 구하였다. 결과 : 총 추적관찰기간은 2-73개월(중앙값 7개월)이었다. 환자의 중앙생존기간은 A군 7.5개월(20일-29개월), B군 5개월(20일-73개월)이었으며 1, 2년 생존율(YSR)은 각각 A군 $26.7\%$, $8.9\%$, B군 $12.7\%$, $4.3\%$ (p>0.05)였다. 병기 III에서 1YSR은 A군 $24.9\%$ (2YSR $0\%$ B군 $13.7\%$ (2YSR $6.9\%$)였고, 종괴크기 5cm미만과 이상에서 1YSR은 A군 $60.0\%$, $17.4\%$ (2YSR $8.0\%$, $3.5\%$) B군 $0\%$, $14.5\%$ (2YSR $0\%$, $4.8\%$)였다. 조사선량 50Gy이상과 미만에 따라 1YSR이 $31.2\%$, $21.5\%$ (2YSR $6.2\%$, $7.2\%$) B군 $23.0\%$, $0\%$ (2YSR $7.7\%$, $0\%$)였다. 두 군의 1, 2YSR을 진행된 식도암의 경우에서 병기 III, 종괴크기 5cm이상, 조사선량 50Gy이상을 받은 환자를 대상으로 비교분석한 결과 통계학적으로 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다. 방사선치료후 치료반응을 판정 할 수 있었던 28명에서 완전관해는 A군 4명, B군 1명이었고 전체관해율은 각각 $43.8\%$(7/16), $25.0\%$(3/12)로 나타났다. 치료실패양상을 분석할 수 있었던 35명중 국소실패는 A군과 B군에서 각 각 $52.4\%$(l1/21), $64.3\%$(9/14), 원격전이는 각각 $23.8\%$(5/21), $14.3\%$(2/14), 동시재발이 각 각 $23.8\%$(5/21), $21.4\%$(3/14)였다. 치료에 따른 급성부작용은 병응치료군이 단독치료군에 비해 백혈구감소증과 오심구토의 빈도가 증가하였으나 정도의 차이는 크지 않았다. 결론 : 진행된 병기의 식도암환자에서 방사선-항암화학병용치료를 시행함으로써 별다른 부작용 없이 생존기간 및 1년/2년 생존율을 향상시킬 수 있음을 관찰하였으나 통계학적으로 유의한 차이는 없었다. 방사선치료 단독군에서 총 방사선조사량만이 예후인자로써 확인되었다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권5호
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• pp.1699-1705
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• 2015

Background: Medication errors in oncology may cause severe clinical problems due to low therapeutic indices and high toxicity of chemotherapeutic agents. We aimed to investigate unintentional medication errors and underlying factors during chemotherapy preparation and administration based on a systematic survey conducted to reflect oncology nurses experience. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted in 18 adult chemotherapy units with volunteer participation of 206 nurses. A survey developed by primary investigators and medication errors (MAEs) defined preventable errors during prescription of medication, ordering, preparation or administration. The survey consisted of 4 parts: demographic features of nurses; workload of chemotherapy units; errors and their estimated monthly number during chemotherapy preparation and administration; and evaluation of the possible factors responsible from ME. The survey was conducted by face to face interview and data analyses were performed with descriptive statistics. Chi-square or Fisher exact tests were used for a comparative analysis of categorical data. Results: Some 83.4% of the 210 nurses reported one or more than one error during chemotherapy preparation and administration. Prescribing or ordering wrong doses by physicians (65.7%) and noncompliance with administration sequences during chemotherapy administration (50.5%) were the most common errors. The most common estimated average monthly error was not following the administration sequence of the chemotherapeutic agents (4.1 times/month, range 1-20). The most important underlying reasons for medication errors were heavy workload (49.7%) and insufficient number of staff (36.5%). Conclusions: Our findings suggest that the probability of medication error is very high during chemotherapy preparation and administration, the most common involving prescribing and ordering errors. Further studies must address the strategies to minimize medication error in chemotherapy receiving patients, determine sufficient protective measures and establishing multistep control mechanisms.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.233-240
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• 2017

Purpose: To validate the 8th edition of the American Joint Committee on Cancer/Union for International Cancer Control (AJCC/UICC) TNM staging system for human papillomavirus (HPV)-related oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) and investigate whether a modified classification better reflects the prognosis. Materials and Methods: Medical records of patients diagnosed with non-metastatic HPV-related OPSCC between 2010 and 2016 at a single institution were retrospectively reviewed. HPV status was determined by immunohistochemical analysis of p16 and/or HPV DNA polymerase chain reaction (PCR). We reclassified TNM stage T0-1 and N0-1 as group A, T2-3 or N2 as B, and T4 or N3 as C. Survival analysis according to 8th AJCC/UICC TNM staging and the modified classification was performed. Results: Of 383 OPSCC patients, 211 were positive for HPV DNA PCR or p16. After exclusion, 184 patients were included in this analysis. Median age was 56 years (range, 31 to 81 years). Most primary tumors were in the palatine tonsil (148 tumors, 80%). The eighth AJCC/UICC TNM classification could not differentiate between stage I and II (p = 0.470) or II and III (p = 0.209). Applying modified grouping, the 3-year overall survival rate of group A was significantly higher than that of group B and C (98% vs. 91%, p = 0.039 and 98% vs. 78%, p < 0.001, respectively). Differentiation between group B and C was marginally significant (p = 0.053). Conclusion: The 8th AJCC/UICC TNM staging system did not clearly distinguish the prognosis of stage II from that of other stages. Including the T2N0-1 group in stage II may improve prognostic stratification.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.314-320
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• 2001

Matrix metalloproteinases have long been viewed as ideal candidates for proteinases that enables tumor cells to permeated basement membrane defenses and invade surrounding tissue. There is growing evidence that the MMPs have an expanded role, as they are important for the creation and maintenance of a microenvironment that facilitates growth and angiogenesis of tumors at primary and metastatic sites. MT-MMPs are not secreted but instead remaining attached to cell surfaces. Although not all of the MT-MMPs are fully characterized, MT-MMPs have important role in localizing and activating secreted MMPs. The MMP genes are transcriptionally responsive to a wide variety of oncogene, growth factors, cytokine, and hormones. Currently, a number of MMP inhibitors are being developed and some have reached clinical trials as anti-metastatic or anti-cancer therapies. MT1-MMP is involved in the activation of proMMP-2. MT1-MMP is significant not only as a tumor marker but as a new target for chemotherapy against cancer. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of protein kinase C inhibitor(genistein) on the proliferation of HT1080 and expression of MT1-MMP mRNA. Human fibrosarcoma cell line HT1080 was cultured and divided 2 groups. The experimental group was treated with $100{\mu}M$ genistein and incubated 12h, 24h for $[3^H]-thymidine$ uptake assay and northern hybridization individually. And the control group was treated with same amount of PBS for the above procedures. $[3^H]-thymidine$ incorporation was measured with ${\beta}$ ray detector. And RT-PCR and northern blotting for MT1-MMP mRNA was performed. The results were as follows 1. $[3^H]-thymidine$ uptake was reduced in experimental group with statistical significance. 2. MT1-MMP mRNA expression was significantly reduced in experimental group. These results showed that protein kinase C inhibitor (genistein) inhibited proliferation of HT1080 and almost completely blocked transcription of MT1-MMP mRNA. So, it is possible to use the protein kinase inhibitor (genistein) as anti-metastatic and anti-proliferative agent.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제75권6호
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• pp.244-249
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• 2013

Background: Conventional biomarkers cannot always establish the cause of pleural effusions; thus, alternative tests permitting rapid and accurate diagnosis are required. The primary aim of this study is to assess the ability of pentraxin-3 (PTX3) in order to diagnose the cause of pleural effusion and compare its efficacy to that of other previously identified biomarkers. Methods: We studied 118 patients with pleural effusion, classified as transudates and exudates including malignant, tuberculous, and parapneumonic effusions (MPE, TPE, and PPE). The levels of PTX3, C-reactive protein (CRP), procalcitonin (PCT) and lactate in the pleural fluid were assessed. Results: The levels of pleural fluid PTX3 were significantly higher in patients with PPE than in those with MPE or TPE. PTX3 yielded the most favorable discriminating ability to predict PPE from MPE or TPE by providing the following: area under the curve, 0.74 (95% confidence interval, 0.63-0.84), sensitivity, 62.07%; and specificity, 81.08% with a cut-off point of 25.00 ng/mL. Conclusion: Our data suggests that PTX3 may allow improved differentiation of PPE from MPE or TPE compared to the previously identified biomarkers CRP and PCT.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.203-211
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• 1984

From 1979 to 1982, 80 patients with unresectable non-small-cell lung cancer without metastasis were treated with high-dose radiotherapy to the primary and to regional lymph nodes with or without supraclavicular lymphatics in the Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Seoul National University Hospital. Of these, 56 patients$(70\%)$ were completely evaluable, and 59 patients$(74\%)$ had squamous cell carcinoma, 13a large cell undifferentiated carcinoma and 831 adenocarcinoma. 21 patients$(26\%)$ had Stage II and 59 patients$(74\%)$ had Stage III. The complete and partial response rate in the high-dose$(\approx\;6,000\;rad)$ radiotherapy was $70\%\;with\;19\%$ complete response. 69 patients$(86\%)$ failed in the treatment, by the failure pattern, $64\%$ had local failure alone, $35\%$ had local failure and distant metastasis and $1\%$ had distant metastasis alone. The failure rate in the thorax were $76\%$ in squamous cell carcinoma, $40\%$in adenocarcinoma and $20\%$ in large cell undifferentiated carcinoma Preliminary result shows that actuarial survival at 1, 2 and 3 years were $56\%,\;26\%\;and\;20\%$ in overall patients and $64\%,\;37\%\;and\;21\%\;in\;Stage\;II\;and\;54\%1,\;21\%\;and\;18\%$ in Stage III, respectively. Overall median survival was 14 months; 17 months in Stage II and 13 months in Stage m. 8 patients$(10\%)$ have lived a minimum of 2 years with no evidence of disease. There was no fatal complication confirmed to be induced by radiotherapy, so definitive high-dose radiotherapy was tolerated well without major problems and resulted in good local control and survival.