• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.446-451
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• 1997

구조와 용해도가 다른 4종류의 다당류(옥수수전분, 쌀전분, 고구마전분 및 셀룰로오스)내의 1차 alcohol group을 $25^{\circ}C$에서 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-1-piperidine oxoammunium (TEMPO)을 사용하여 carboxyl group으로 산화, 전환하였다. TEMPO/bromite 촉매를 이용한 산화반응계에서 최적 pH, TEMPO함량 및 NaBr 함량은 각각 $10.5{\sim}11.0$, 10 mmol/mol of primary alcohol, 0.49 mol/mol primary alcohol이였으며, 반응 최적조건하에서의 산화율은 4종류의 다당류 모두 90%이상이였다. 산화반응은 다당류의 물에 대한 용해도를 매우 증가시켰는 바, 물에 불용성인 셀룰로오스의 경우 산화에 의하여 8.42% (w/v)로 증가되었으며, 옥수수전분, 쌀전분 및 고구마전분과 같이 물에 거의 불용성인(0.10% (w/v) 이하) 다당류들도 약 45% (w/v) 수준으로 물에 대한 용해도가 증가하였다. 또한 본 실험에서의 산화공정에 의하여 제조된 산화물질은 $Ca^{2+}$이온과의 겔 형성능을 갖게됨을 확인하였는 바, 각종 gum, gel 및 film의 새로운 소재로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기대되었다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제16권8호
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• pp.1236-1239
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• 2006

Allyl alcohol (2-propen-l-ol), found in considerable amounts in heated garlic, was able to discriminate yeasts from bacteria and was approximately three orders of magnitude more inhibitory towards yeasts than bacteria. The average minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of allyl alcohol for bacteria and yeasts was 5.0% and 0.0056%, respectively. The unsaturated primary alcohols, including allyl alcohol and 2-buten-l-ol, seemed to work differently from all the other saturated alcohols and unsaturated secondary alcohols in inhibiting various yeasts. An alcohol dehydrogenase-negative (ADH$^-$) strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae was as resistant to allyl alcohol as various bacteria, exhibiting an MIC of 5.0%. The unsaturated primary alcohols were apparently oxidized into the corresponding unsaturated aldehydes before they inhibited the yeasts.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.57-65
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• 2020

Excessive drinking of alcohol is known to be one of the main causes of various neurological diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease. Scopoletin is known to have anti-inflammatory and antioxidative properties, and to protect nerve cells. This study examined whether scopoletin inhibits the alcohol-induced apoptosis of primary hippocampal neurons, and how scopoletin regulates several factors associated with the caspase-mediated pathway. To achieve this, the cell viability and apoptosis rate of primary hippocampal neurons were measured by Cell Counting Kit-8 and flow cytometry, respectively. Apoptosis-related protein expressions (Bax, Bid, caspase-3, caspase-9, and Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP)) were analyzed by Western blotting, and the ANOVA method was used to confirm the significance of the measured results. As a result, scopoletin inhibited the expressions of alcohol-induced apoptosis and apoptosis-related proteins in primary hippocampal neurons. These results suggest that down-regulation of Bid, Bax, and cleaved caspase-9 expression induced by scopoletin down-regulates the expression of cleaved caspase-3, inhibits the expression of cleaved PARP, and finally, inhibits mitochondrial apoptotic pathways. The study suggests that scopoletin is worth developing as a candidate for neuroprotective agent.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.304-308
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• 1992

The alkylation of resorcinol with cyclic allylic alcohol in non-aqueous acid medium gives intermolecular Friedel-Craft compounds. The products are primary alkylation products. The likage always occurs between carbon 3 of cyclic allylic alcohol and the position 2, 4, 5 or 6 of the resorcinol.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.53-59
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• 2016

Alcoholism is a significant health problem in the world. The liver is the first and primary target organ for alcohol metabolism. Alcohol dehydrogenase and aldehyde dehydrogenase play important roles in the metabolism of alcohol and aldehyde. In this study, I aimed to investigate the eliminatory effects of a Phellinus spp. extract on alcohol metabolism in drunken Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. Male SD rats were given Phellinus spp. extract at 30 min after 40% (5 g/kg) alcohol ingestion. To assay the effect of Phellinus spp. extract on blood alcohol concentration, blood samples were taken from the tail vein at 1, 3 and 5 h after alcohol ingestion. The concentrations of alcohol, alcohol dehydrogenase, and aldehyde dehydrogenase in Phellinus spp. extract treated rat were significantly lower than that of the control with a time-dependent manner. In addition, the alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase activities of Phellinus spp. extract-treated groups were altered compared to those of the control group. These results suggest that Phellinus spp. extract intake can have a positive effect on the reduction of alcohol, alcohol dehydrogenase, and aldehyde dehydrogenase concentrations in the blood and may alleviate acute alcohol-induced hepatotoxicity by altering alcohol metabolic enzyme activities. Phellinus spp. extract is thus a good nutraceutical candidate.

• 지역사회간호학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.286-298
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• 1995

The purposes of this study were to suggest the need for drug prevention program in primary school and to provide basic data for preventing the youth from their drug abuse. A total of 680 students of primary school in Pusan were selected to answer this questionnair. The data was collected from July 1 to July 15, 1994. The major findings of this study were as follows : 1) The attitude about drugs of primary school students was desirable. By groups, girl students showed more desirable attitude than boy students. 2) 5.9% of subjects had smoking experience, and for the motives of smoking 77.5% of them, the largest numbers, was with curiosity. 3) 39.8% of subjects had experienced alcohol use, and for the motives alcohol use 50.5% of them, the largest numbers, was with curiosity. 4) 1.8% of subjects had experienced inhalants (gas, butane gas), and for the motives of inhalants use 58.4% of them, the largest numbers, was also with curiosity. 5) The rates of smoking, alcohol use and inhalants use were higher in boy students than girl students. 6) The attitude points about drugs in case of smoking, alcohol use and inhalants use were lower than the points in case of not using them. 7) Knowledge level about .drugs of subjects was appeared poor. 8) For the need of drug education 65.9% of subjects responded 'necessary', and they responded most suitable educator as school nurse. 9) The students had received drug education from school in 38.2%, from their parents in 8% and from mass media in 63.5%.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제51권spc1호
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• pp.297-303
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• 2006

Cuticular waxes on tea (Camellia sinensis L.) loaves consisted mainly of alkanes, fatty acids, primary alcohols, triterpenes, and a group of unknown compounds, dominated by primary alcohols and triterpenes. Tea tree accessions used in this study were M-1, M-2, Sakimidori, and Yabukita. For all accessions, the alkane, fatty acid, and primary alcohol constituents consisted of a homologues series, and the major constituents of primary alcohol class were the C28 and C30 homologues. Triterpenes consisted of friedelin, $\beta-amyrin$, and three unidentified ones and friedelin was the most abundant. Leaf area and the total amounts of cuticular waxes per leaf increased with lower leaf position from the apical bud in Yabukita variety. With different leaf position, total wax amount per unit leaf area on the youngest leaves of P1 (the uppermost leaf position) showed the largest amount $(12.80{\mu}g/cm^2)$, and on mature loaves of P2 to P6 ranged from 7.08 to $7.77{\mu}g/cm^2$, and then on the oldest loaves of P7 (the lowest leaf position) remained at an increased level $(17.53{\mu}g/cm^2)$. During leaf development (lower leaf position), the amount of primary alcohols decreased from P1 to P6 and increased at P7, whereas that of triterpenes increased from P1 to P7. The percentage of each wax class in the total wax amount occurred a decrease in primary alcohol and an increase in triterpene, with leaf age.

• 융합정보논문지
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• 제11권9호
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• pp.109-114
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• 2021

유기공업 화학에서 알코올류의 산화제에 대해 연구가 많이 진행 되고 있으며, 그중에서도 크롬(VI)-계열의 시약들이 산화제로 널리 이용되어 왔다. 그리고 일차알코올을 알데히드로만 산화시키는 산화제와 메카니즘 규명이 필요하게 되었다. 이러한 연구의 일환으로 본 연구에서는 퀴놀린과 chromium(VI) trioxide을 반응시켜 크롬(VI)-퀴놀린 화합물[(C₉H₇NH)₂Cr₂O₇]을 합성하여, FT-IR 및 원소분석에서 구조를 확인하였다. 여러 가지 유기용매를 사용하여 크롬(VI)-퀴놀린 화합물에 의한 벤질 알코올의 산화반응은 유전상수 값이 큰 유기용매인 N,N'-dimethylformamide에서 높은 산화반응성을 보였다. N,N'-dimethylformamide 용매를 사용하여 크롬(VI)-퀴놀린 화합물은 치환 벤질 알코올류를 효율적으로 산화시켰고, Hammett 반응상수(ρ)=-0.69(303 K) 이였다. 본 실험에서 알코올의 산화반응 과정은 chromate ester 형성과정과, 속도결정단계에서 수소화 전이가 일어나는 반응경로임을 알 수 있었다. 결과적으로 크롬(VI)-퀴놀린 화합물은 벤질알코올, 알릴알코올, 일차알코올 및 이차알코올류를 알데히드나 케톤으로 전환시키는 효율적인 산화제로, 이차알코올류 존재 하에서 벤질알코올, 알릴알코올, 일차알코올의 선택적인 산화제로 사용할 수 있다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.435-443
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• 1989

Pichia pastoris의 배양조건과 배지의 탄소원에 따른 alcohol-oxidase의 생성기능과 alcohol-oxidase의 기질특이성을 실험하기 위하여 P. pastoris CBS 2612와 P. pastoris CBM 10의 2균주에 대하여 실험하였다. 배양조건에 따른 효소생성은 glucose를 탄소원으로 첨가한 mineral salt medium에서 균체를 정상기까지 배양하여 methanol이 함유된 배지에서 재배양하는 2단계 배양법의 경우가 균체를 직접 methanol배지에 배양한 경우보다 효율적이었으며 생성된 총효소량도 전자의 경우가 후자에 비해 약 1.7배 정도 많았다. 다음 탄소원에 따른 효소생성능을 비교하였다. 먼저 직쇄alcohol을 탄소원으로 사용한 경우 methanol을 제외한 ethanol, propanol, butanol 그리고 pentanol에서는 효소가 생성되지 않았고 또한 이 직쇄alcohol을 methanol과 혼합한 경우에도 극미량의 생성에 그쳤다. 여러가지 탄소화합물(glucose, xylose, lactose, glycerol, galactose, saccharose, sorbose, lactic acid, acetic acid)을 탄소원으로 사용하면 methanol에 의해 생성된 효소량보다 훨씬 작았으나 이들을 methanol과 혼합 사용하면 효소생성량은 급격히 증가하였고, 특히 xylose, lactose 그리고 lactic acid의 경우는 methanol 단독 사용시보다 오히려 다량 생성되었다. 시험 2균주 중에서도 어떤 경우에서든지 P. pastoris CBS 2612가 alcohol-oxidase 생성능이 더 좋은 것으로 나타났다. 효소의 기질특이성은 효소를 기질에 반응시킬때는 교반을, 그리고 효소 활성측정은 alcohol-oxidase가 methanol을 분해하여 생성한 formaldehyde를 직접 정량 하였을 경우 탄소쇄가 7개 이하인 직쇄alcohols과 불포화alcohols, 그리고 일부2급alcohols(isobutyl alcohol, isoamyl alcohol)에도 특이성이 있었다.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.20-31
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• 2017

Objectives: This study investigated the effect of SM-2015 on blood alcohol clearance and hangover. We undertook this study to test whether SM-2015 is effective in decreasing blood alcohol concentration and preventing the symptoms of alcohol-induced hangover. Methods: Twenty healthy volunteers participated in this randomized crossover study. All participants were classified between an SM-2015 intake group (test group) and a non-intake group (control group). The primary outcome measure was the difference in blood alcohol concentration and hangover severity scores between the test and control groups. The secondary outcome measure was the difference in a liver function test (LFT) between the test and control groups. Results: After alcohol exposure, the sensitivity scores of blood alcohol concentration and hangover symptoms (sleepiness, dizziness, nausea, weakness, stomach pain, diarrhea, and concentration disorder) were significantly decreased in the SM-2015 intake group compared with the non-intake group. There were no differences in the LFT results between the SM-2015 intake group and the non-intake group. Conclusions: SM-2015 is effective in decreasing blood alcohol concentration and preventing the symptoms of alcohol-induced hangover. Larger studies are required to confirm these findings.