• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.358-364
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• 2007

Purpose: A life-threatening hemorrhage resulting from a severe facial fracture is rare, but it needs a prompt and aggressive treatment. Especially, a massive oronasal bleeding combined with midfacial fracture which may result from the rupture of the internal maxillary artery. With the recent advances in the radiologic intervention, its use has increased for managing these life threatening case. We reviewed its usefulness with our experiences and literatures. Methods: A retrospective review was performed to determine the usefulness of the transcatheter arterial embolization in patients with panfacial trauma. If the vital signs were unstable, cardiopulmonary resuscitation was performed. Oronasal bleeding was controlled with nasal packing and electrocautery. All injured regions were studied by radiologic study including CT. Even after primary management, if the oronasal bleeding was persistent, radiologic intervention was performed 10 patients were treated with transcatheter arterial embolization and the bleeding focus controlled by embolization with polyvinyl alcohol and gelfoam. Results: After the intervention, the vital signs became stable and there were no complications from embolization in the follow-up for 6 months. Also patients could recover through appropriate operations. Conclusion: Transcatheter arterial embolization for maxillofacial injury has many advantages for both, the doctor and the patient. First, less pain is induced than a compression device or an operation, which is another way to treat oronasal bleeding. Second, it does not need general anesthesia. And through a single procedure not only we can know the accurate bleeding point, but we can also bleeding by embolization.

• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.131-137
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• 2004

In the present study, phosphatidylcholine (PC) hydrolyzing enzyme had been isolated from membrane of flounder liver. PC hydrolyzing enzyme solubilized in 1% Triton X -100 from membrane was partially purified by sequential chromatography on Heparin Sepharose CL-6B and Heparin-5PW columns. The products by membrane-bound hydrolyzing enzyme were identified as phosphatidic acid and choline, but in the presence of primary alcohol, phosphatidylethanol was produced at the expense of phosphatidic acid. These data suggest that membrane-bound enzyme may be a PC-phosphoipase D (PLD) type. The enzyme had pH optimum at below 6.0 and temperature optimum at $37^\circ{C}$. The activity of PC-PLD was dose-dependently increased by $Ca^{2+}$ but not $Mg^{2+}$. The activity of PC-PLD was stimulate by PC, PIP2 and PE.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.413-416
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• 2008

A synthesis route to ordered mesoporous carbons with controllable nitrogen content has been developed for high-performance EDLC electrodes. Nitrogen-doped ordered mesoporous carbons (denoted as NMC) were prepared by carbonizing a mixture of two different carbon sources within the mesoporous silica designated by KIT-6. Furfuryl alcohol was used as a primary carbon precursor, and melamine as a nitrogen dopant. This synthesis procedure gave cubic Ia3d mesoporous carbons containing nitrogen as much as 13%. The carbon exhibited a narrow pore size distribution centered at 3-4 nm with large pore volume (0.6-1 cm3 g-1) and high specific BET surface area (700-1000 m2 g-1). Electrochemical behaviors of the NMC samples with various N-contents were investigated by a two-electrode measurement system at aqueous solutions. At low current density, the NMC exhibited markedly increasing capacitance due to the increase in the nitrogen content. This result could be attributed to the enhanced surface affinity between carbon electrode and electrolyte ions due to the hydrophilic nitrogen functional groups. At high current density conditions, the NMC samples exhibited decreasing specific capacitance against the increase in the nitrogen content. The loss of the capacitance with the N-content may be explained by high electric resistance which causes a significant IR drop at high current densities. The present results indicate that the optimal nitrogen content is required for achieving high power and high energy density simultaneously.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.272-282
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• 2004

Stress is a primary health promotion issue in worksite research because psychological distress is closely related not only to workers　 health status but also to their job performance. This study identified the work environment and work condition factors affecting workers　 stress symptoms among the Korean manufacturing factory workers. A total of 7,818 factory workers employed in 1,562 manufacturing companies participated in the Korean nation-wide occupational health survey conducted by the Korean Occupational Safety and Health Agency in 2003. Participants were selected by the stratified proportional sampling process by standardized industry classification, company size, and locations. Trained interviewers visited the target companies and interviewed the factory workers randomly selected in each company. Work environments included physical work environments (temperature, noise, hazardous organic compounds, and so on) and psychological work environments (job demands, job control, and social support at work), and work conditions included daily working hour, rest time, and so on. Men were 71.5% and the mean age was 34.0 years old. The average working period in the present company was 6.9 years. The average stress score was 26.2 under the perfect score, 50, which means the moderate level of stress. Perceived stress had significant correlations with young age, poor physical work environment, high fatigue, bad perceived health status, and high job demands in Pearson's simple correlation analysis. Perceived health status and perceived fatigue explained 21% variance of stress symptoms and the work environment factor explained 4.8% of that; however, work condition did not have the sufficient effect. In particular, psychosocial work environment variables (job demand, job control, and social support at work) had a clear effect on stress symptoms rather than the physical work environments. Poor perceived health status, severe perceived fatigue, poor physical work environment, high job demands, low social support, heavy alcohol consumption and little exercise were significantly related to high stress symptoms in the Korean manufacturing workers.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.37 no.5
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• pp.790-800
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• 2007

Purpose: This study was to identify knowledge, perception and health behavior about metabolic syndrome for an at risk group in a rural community area. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional survey design was used. A total of 575 adults with hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, and/or abdominal obesity were recruited from 11 rural community health care centers. A questionnaire was developed for this study. Anthropometric measures were measured and blood data was reviewed from the health record. Results: Knowledge about the metabolic syndrome was low as evidenced by only a 47% correct answer rate. Only 9% of the subjects ever heard about the disease, and 87% answered they do not know the disease at all. 87% of the subjects were not performing regular exercise, 31% drank alcohol more than once a month, 12.5% were current smokers, and 33.6% are did not have a regular health check-up. Conclusion: Development of systematic public health care programs are needed to prevent future increases in cardiovascular complications and to decrease health care costs. These might include educational programs for the primary health care provider and an at risk group, a therapeutic lifestyle modification program, and a health screening program to identify potential groups.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.257-264
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• 1985

Dioxobis(3-methoxysalicyaldehydato)molybdeum(VI) complex has been synthesized by reactions of 3-methoxysalicylaldehyde and ammonium paramolybdate in methanol solution. With appropriate primary amine, the resulting complex gave schiff-base complexes, MoO$_2$(CH$_3$O-sal-N-R)$_2$ in which C=O oxide ligands had been replaced by nitrogen. The properties and possible molecular structure of these complexes were discussed by elemental analysis, spectroscopic studies and electric conductivities measurements. It was found that the Mo(VI) complexes contain a cis-MoO$_2$ group since their infrared spectra two Mo=O band at about 900cm$^{-1}$ and the combining ratios for MoO$_2$-ligand are 1 : 2. Also, electronic spectra of molybdenyl complexes assigned to ligand-to-metal charge transfer transition. All of these complexes are yellow or orange, depolar compound and slightly soluble in alcohol, dichloromethane, chloroform and N,N-dimethylformamide.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.10
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• pp.85-90
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• 1971

Dormancy breaking methods were studied on Avenasterilis seeds. The treatments were: application of alcohol, hot water, low temperature, pure oxygen, thiourea and gibberellic acid. Thiourea treatment with 3 different concentrations (0.25 x 10$^{-2}$ M, 0.625 x 10$^{-2}$ M, 1.25 x 10$^{-2}$ M) had little effect in breaking dormancy. Gibberellic acid treatment applied at 5ppm, 50ppm, 500ppm were effective and maximum germination was obtained with 500ppm. Low temperature treatment at 3$^{\circ}C$ for a week in a refrigerator was also very effective in breaking dormancy. Other treatments were not effective. In all cases, primary seeds germinated significantly better than secondary seeds. Different A. sterilis strains varied significantly in their response to gibberellic acid treatment. Different concentrations of gibberellic acid also gave significantly different responses in breaking dormancy.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.132-138
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• 1994

Bis(diethylamino)aluminum hydride was utilized in a systematic study of the approximate rates and stoichiometry of the reaction of excess reagent with 55 selected organic compounds containing representative functional groups under standardized conditions (THF, $0^{\circ}C$, reagent to compound=4 : 1) in order to define the characteristics of the reagent for selective reductions. The reducing action of BEAH was also compared with that of the parent aluminum hydride. The reducing action of the reagent is quite similar to that of aluminum hydride, but the reducing power is much weaker. Aldehydes and ketones were readily reduced in 1-3 h to the corresponding alcohols. However, unexpectedly, a ready involvement of the double bond in cinnamaldehyde was realized to afford hydrocinnamyl alcohol. The introduction of diethylamino group to the parent aluminum hydride appears not to be appreciably influential in stereoselectivity on the reduction of cyclic ketones. Both p-benzoquinone and anthraquinone utilized 2 equiv of hydride readily without evolution of hydrogen, proceeded cleanly to the 1,4-reduction products. Carboxylic acids and acid chlorides underwent reduction to alcohols slowly, whereas cyclic anhydrides utilized only 2 equiv of hydride slowly to the corresponding hydroxylacids. Especially, benzoic acid with a limiting amount of hydride was reduced to benzaldehyde in a yield of 80%. Esters and lactones were also readily reduced to alcohols. Epoxides examined all reacted slowly to give the ring-opened products. Primary and tertiary amides utilized 1 equiv of hydride fast and further hydride utilization was quite slow. The examination for possibility of achieving a partial reduction to aldehydes was also performed. Among them, benzamide and N,N-dimethylbenzamide gave ca, 90% yields of benzaldehyde. Both the nitriles examined were also slowly reduced to the amines. Unexpectedly, both aliphatic and aromatic nitro compounds proved to be relatively reactive to the reagent. On the other hand, azo- and azoxybenzenes were quite inert to BEAH. Cyclohexanone oxime liberated 1 equiv of hydrogen and utilized 1 equiv of hydride for reduction, corresponding to N-hydroxycyclohexylamine. Pyridine ring compounds were also slowly attacked. Disulfides were readily reduced with hydrogen evolution to the thiols, and dimethyl sulfoxide and diphenyl sulfone were also rapidly reduced to the sulfides.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.52 no.5
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• pp.333-343
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• 2019

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the association between dental implants and cognitive function in community-dwelling older adults. Methods: Data were collected from the baseline survey (2016-2017) of the Korean Frailty and Aging Cohort Study. The study sample comprised 1115 community-dwelling people aged 70 years to 84 years who had 0-19 natural teeth. Dental implants and natural teeth were identified by panoramic radiography, while the cognitive function was assessed by the Korean version of the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE-KC). The association between dental implants and cognitive function was analyzed by multiple linear regression. Sensitivity analysis was performed to test for potential bias. Results: The mean number of natural teeth in the study population was 9.50 (standard deviation [SD], 6.42), and the mean MMSE-KC score was 24.93 (SD, 3.55). In the simple univariate analysis, tooth replacement, age, sex, smoking status, alcohol consumption, body mass index, osteoporosis, number of natural teeth, periodontitis, chewing discomfort, tooth-brushing frequency, education level, monthly household income, participation in economic activity, living alone, and marital status had a significant impact on the association. After adjusting for confounders, the association between dental implants and cognitive function remained significant (B, 0.85; standard error, 0.40; p<0.05). Age, body mass index, periodontitis, tooth-brushing frequency, and education level were also significantly associated with cognitive function. The results of the sensitivity analyses were consistent with those of the primary analysis. Conclusions: Dental implants were associated with cognitive function in older adults living in the community. Dental implants as tooth replacements may play a role in preserving cognitive function.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.909-913
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• 2013

Purpose: The liver is the organ to which colorectal carcinomas (CRCs) most commonly metastasize, and surgical resection has been established as the most effective and potentially curative treatment for CRC with liver metastasis (LM). Therefore, surveillance of LM is vital for improvement of prognosis of CRC patients. In this study, we aimed to explore the potential value of carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA 19-9), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), and marker enzymes in indicating LM with CRC. Methods: Three groups of eligible patients with metastatic cancers were retrospectively included: CRC patients with LM (CRC-LM) or without LM (CRC-NLM), and non-CRC patients with LM (NCRC-LM). All metastatic lesions were identified by CT or MRI. Data on characteristics of the patients, the primary site, the locations of metastasis, CA 19-9, CEA, and biochemical parameters were collected for analysis. Results: A total of 493 patients were retrospectively included. More alcohol consumption was found in CRC-LM than CRC-NLM. Some biochemical enzymes were found to be significantly higher in groups with LM than without (CRC-LM or NCRC-LM v.s CRC-NLM). Both CEA and CA 19-9 were much higher in CRC-LM than CRC-NLM or NCRC-LM. For CRC patients, CA 19-9, ${\gamma}$-glutamyl transpeptidase, CEA and alcohol consumption were identified as independent factors associated with LM. Conclusion: Our analysis suggested the CA 19-9 might be a potential valuable indicator for LM of CRC in the clinic.