• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
• /
• 제2권3호
• /
• pp.342-345
• /
• 2007

This paper presents an engineering approach to derive the optimum price levels of transacted power. In this paper, with the assumption that power import is possible through the system connection in Northeast Asia regions, the upper price limit of imported power deserving economic efficiency was derived with respect to the time and amount of power import. The proposed approach was demonstrated based on the data from the National Power Development Planning in 2004 with the WASP model.

• 대한전기학회논문지:전력기술부문A
• /
• 제55권3호
• /
• pp.128-132
• /
• 2006

Interstate electric power system, as an alternative for energy cooperation under regional economic bloc, has been hotly debated before progressing the restructure in electric power industry and rapidly expanded in many regions after 1990s. Especially, since northeast asia has strong supplementation in resource, load shape, fuel mix etc., electric power system interconnection in this region may bring considerable economic benefits. Moreover, since Korean electric power system has a great difficulty in a geographical condition to interrupt electricity transaction with other countries, it has been expanded as an independent system to supply all demand domestically. As a result, Korean electric power system makes considerable payment for maintaining system security and reliability and expands costly facilities to supply a temporary summer peak demand. Under this inefficiency, if there are electricity transactions with Russia via the North Korea route then economic electric power system operation nay be achieved using seasonal and hourly differences in electricity price and/or load pattern among these countries. In this paper, we estimate price cap of transacted electricity via interstate electric power system in northeast asia. For this study, we perform quantitative economic analysis on various system interconnection scenarios.

• 한국연소학회지
• /
• 제18권3호
• /
• pp.44-53
• /
• 2013

In this study, the economic evaluation for imported coals was conducted for power plant based on thermo-dynamical performance analysis. The number of coal types considered was 1,755 imported by five power generation companies in Korea during the 2010-2012. The higher heating value (HHV) of the coals ranged 4,000-6,500 kcal/kg, mostly sub-bituminous. The 1D thermo-dynamical performance modeling was performed for a 500 MWe standard power plant using PROATES code. It was founded that the low rank coals had negative effects on the plant efficiency mainly due to the increased heat loss by moisture, hydrogen and flue gas. Based on the performance analysis, the economic performance of the coals was evaluated. The apparent price of low-rank coals tended to be significantly lower than design coal; for example, the unit price of coal with a HHV of 4,000 kcal/kg was 57% of the reference coal having 6,080 kcal/kg. Considering the negative effects leading to a decrease in the thermal performance, heating value compensation, and increased parasite load, the corrected unit cost for the coal with 4,000 kcal/kg was 90.7% of the reference coal. Overall, the cost saving by imported coals was not high as expected.

• 자원ㆍ환경경제연구
• /
• 제9권2호
• /
• pp.421-449
• /
• 2000

The objective of this paper is to examine whether it is feasible to introduce an crude oil futures contract on domestic commodity exchange in order to minimize the price risks of imported crude oil. In addition. this study suggests the policy issues to promote futures trading and the alternatives to use foreign energy compares the five criteria to evaluate the feasibility of crude oil futures trading on the domestic exchange. Related to the possibility of successful futures trading of imported crude oil on the domestic exchange, they are evaluated as follows: it is highly possible to succeed for the aspects of price volatility, potential market size or liquidity, and commodity homogeneity; but it is inappropriate for the aspects of deliverable amounts and market power or market structure. Therefore, it is concluded that trading a new futures contract for the underlying imported crude oil on the domestic exchange is inappropriate. For the policy issues and the hedging alternatives, first, it is urgent to establish an atmosphere for futures trading by promoting spot trading. Second, for the case of futures trading on the domestic exchange it is important to consider the simultaneous hedging of crude oil price and foreign exchange risks and mutual offsetting mechanism with major foreign exchanges. Third, for the case of futures trading on foreign exchanges it is reasonable to regard cooperation among concerned companies, government support for futures trading and direct participation into futures trading by the government.

• 한국산림과학회지
• /
• 제70권1호
• /
• pp.84-90
• /
• 1985

본(本) 연구(硏究)는 국내(國內) 목재가격결정(木材價格決定) 메카니즘의 주도권(主導權)을 가지고 있는 외재(外材)의 시장구조(市場構造) 및 가격형성실태(價格形成實態)를 파악(把握)하기 위한 목적(目的)으로 수행(遂行)되었으며, 조사결과(調査結果)는 다음과 같다. 1) 총수입업체(總輸入業體) 중 53%가 연간도입물량(年間導入物量) 1만(萬) $m^3$ 이하(以下)의 영세성(零細性)을 보였는 바 대부분(大部分)이 수입대행(輸入代行)을 위주(爲主)로 하는 일반수입업체(一般輸入業體)인 것으로 분석(分析)되었다. 2) 외재수입시장구조(外材輸入市場構造)는 정도(程度)가 높은 과점구조(寡占構造)를 형성(形成)하고 있었으나 공급과잉(供給過剩)으로 과점(寡占)에 의한 초과유통이익(超過流通利益)을 실현(實現)시키지 못하고 있었다. 3) 해외산지시장(海外産地市場)은 쌍방과점(雙方寡占)의 형태(形態)를 취하고 있어 가격결정과정(價格決定過程)에서 한국(韓國)의 입장(立場)이 몹시 불리(不利)한 것으로 나타났으며, 국내수입업체(國內輸入業體)의 수입실태(輸入實態)도 취약성(脆弱性)을 보여 불리(不利)한 입장(立場)을 더욱 가중(加重)시키고 있는 실정이었다. 4) 국내유통업계(國內流通業系)는 비교적(比較的) 단순(單純)하다고 할 수 있으나, 유통질서(流通秩序) 문란(紊亂)으로 건전(健全)한 유통체계(流通體系)가 확립(確立)되어 있지 못한 것으로 분석(分析)되었다. 이상(以上)의 결과(結果)에서 알 수 있듯이 합리적(合理的)인 외재시장구조(外材市場構造)와 가격형성구조(價格形成構造)를 확립(確立)하기 위해서는 정부(政府)가 주도(主導)하여 외재수급(外材需給) 및 유통상(流通上)의 문제(問題)를 조절(調節)할 수 있는 제도적(制度的)인 제반묘치(諸般描置)를 강구(講究)하여야 할 것으로 사료(思料)된다.

• 신재생에너지
• /
• 제8권4호
• /
• pp.21-29
• /
• 2012

The extensible supply of New & Renewable energy resources desperately needs to counter the high dependence on imported energy, recent high oil prices and the Climate Change Conference, and the government has operated the 'Renewable Portfolio Standard' (RPS) as one of the renewable energy policy from 2012. By analyzing the operation case of combined heat and power plant using the woodchip biomass, we drew the price of wood chip fuel, plant capacity factor, electricity selling price, heat selling price and LCOE value. After analyzing the economic feasibility of 3MWe combined heat and power plant based on the operating performance, the minimum of economic feasibility has appeared to be secured according to the internal rate of return (IRR) is 6.34% and the net present value (NPV) is 3.6 billion won as of 20 years life time after installation, and after analyzing the cases of the economic feasibility of the price of wood chip, plant capacity factor, electricity and heat selling price are changed, the economic feasibility is valuable when the price of wood chip is over 64,000 won/ton, NPV is minus, and the capacity factor is above 46.9%, the electricity selling price is 116 won/kWh and the heat selling price is above 75,600 won/Gcal. When going over the new installation hereafter, we need the detailed review of the woodchip storage and woodchip feeding system rather than the steam-turbine and boiler which have been inspected many times, the reason why is it's hard to secure the suitable quality (constant size) of woodchip by the lack of understanding about it as a fuel because of the domestic poor condition and the calorific value of woodchip is seriously volatile compared with other fuels.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
• /
• 제4권1호
• /
• pp.1-9
• /
• 2016

The demand for energy in Thailand has been continually increasing as the economic and social country grows. Approximately 60% of Thailand's primary energy is imported, mostly petroleum products. In 2008 Thailand's total energy consumption was 80,971 ktoe and the net price of energy imported was up to 1,161 billion Baht which is equivalent to 12.8% of GDP at the current price. The energy consumption or energy demand has been growing at an annual compounded growth rate of 6.42% and the peak electric power demand and electricity consumption was recorded at 22,568 MW and 148,264 GWh and grew at a rate of 7.0% and 7.5% per annum during the period from 1989 to 2008. The gross agriculture production in 2008 was recorded at 135.4 Mt which represents agriculture residue for energy at 65.73 Mt, which is equivalent to energy potential of about 561.64 PJ or 13,292 ktoe an increase in average of 5.59% and 5.44% per year respectively. The agricultural residues can converted to 15,600 GWh/year or 1,780 MW of power capacity. So, if government sector plan to install small biomass gasification for electricity generation 200 kW for Community. The residue agricultural is available for 8,900 plants nationwide. The small biomass power generation for electricity generation not only to reduce the energy imports, it also makes the job and income for people in rural areas as well. This paper's aim is to report the energy situation in Thailand and has studied 5 main agricultural products with high residue energy potential namely sugarcane, paddy, oil palm, cassava, and maize appropriate for small electricity production. These agricultural products can be found planted in many rural areas throughout Thailand. Finally, discuss the situation, methods and policies which the government uses to promote small private power producers supplying electricity into the grid.

• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
• /
• 제13권1호
• /
• pp.3-33
• /
• 1991

80년대에 들어서 본격화된 개방정책(開放政策)의 결과 대부분의 소비재(消費財)가 수입가능품목(輸入可能品目)이 되었고 이에 따라 소비재(消費財)의 수입(輸入)은 급격한 증가추세를 보이고 있으며 이 추세는 당분간 지속될 것으로 전망된다. 본고(本稿)에서는 우리나라의 수입소비재(輸入消費財) 유통구조(流通構造)의 현황(現況)을 분석하고 가격상승 및 후생감소를 야기시키는 문제점을 파악하며 이의 개선방안(改善方案)을 모색해 보았다. 본고(本稿)에서는 기존의 연구와는 달리 수입소비재(輸入消費財) 유통구조(流通構造)를 국제시장(國際市場)-수입단계(輸入段階)-국내(國內) 도(都) 소매단계(小賣段階)의 수직적 구조로 파악하고 이 수직적 구조를 구성하는 각 수평단계의 산업조직 및 수평단계를 연결하는 수직적 관계를 중심으로 하여 가격결정과정과 문제점을 분석하였다. 수입소비재(輸入消費財) 유통구조(流通構造)의 수평단계는 상품(商品) 및 지역(地域)에 의해 차별화된 독점적 경쟁 시장으로 볼 수 있으며, 수평단계간에는 대리점계약(代理店契約)과 재판매가격유지(再販賣價格維持)의 수직적(垂直的) 통제(統制)(vertical restraints)가 흔히 사용되고 있다. 수입소비재(輸入消費財) 유통구조(流通構造)의 주요 문제점으로는 독과점적(獨寡占的) 수입(輸入)에 따른 수입상의 독과점력, 국내 메이커에 의한 동종상품 수입에 의한 경쟁제한, 유통업자간의 담합 및 이의 유지를 위한 재판매가격유지(再販賣價格維持)의 성행, 불확실성(不確實性)과 정보불균형(情報不均衡)을 지적할 수 있다. 이러한 문제점을 시정하여 수입소비재(輸入消費財) 및 경쟁국산상품(競爭國産商品)의 가격하락(價格下落)과 국산상품(國産商品)의 품질개선(品質改善)을 유도하기 위하여는 독과점적 수입계약과 국내메이커에 의한 동종상품의 수입에 대한 공정거래규제(公正去來規制)를 도입하여야 하며, 수입가격표시제의 확대실시 및 탄력적 운영을 통한 합리적(合理的) 정보제공(情報提供)이 필요하다고 판단된다. 수입소비재(輸入消費財)의 유통구조는 또한 국내(國內) 도(都) 소매업(小賣業)의 일반적인 문제점으로 지적되고 있는 규모의 영세성, 무자료거래의 성행, 근대적 대형유통업체(大型流通業體)의 부족의 문제점을 가지고 있다. 이러한 문제점은 기본적으로 상가(商街)와 물류시설(物流施設)의 공급부족과 현행 부가가치세제(附加價値稅制)에 그 원인이 있다. 따라서 수입소비재 유통구조의 생산성을 향상시키고 경쟁을 촉진하기 위해서는 상업용 및 물류시설용 부동산의 공급확대유도(供給擴大誘導)와 부가가치세제(附加價値稅制)의 합리적 운영이 필요하다고 사료된다.

• 한국식품영양학회지
• /
• 제30권5호
• /
• pp.1119-1126
• /
• 2017

용도별 두류가루 제품의 품질기준 설정을 위해 시중에 유통되고 있는 두류가루 제품을 수집하여 품질 특성을 분석한 결과, 주원료의 산지는 국산은 23제품, 수입산은 19제품이었고, 백태가 주원료로 조사되었다. 제품의 가격은 국산이 수입산에 비해 생콩가루의 경우, 3.48배, 볶음콩가루의 경우는 3.34배, 녹두가루는 3.47배로 비쌌다. 국산 제품의 경우, 명도는 생콩가루가 볶음 콩가루에 비해 높았으며, 적색도와 황색도는 볶음 콩가루가 생콩가루에 비해 높았다. 수분함량은 생콩가루가 볶음 콩가루에 비해 높았으며, 조지방, 조단백질, 탄수화물 함량은 수입산 볶음 콩가루에서 높았다. 녹두의 회분과 조단백질 함량은 국산이 수입산에 비해 약간 높았다. 국산 콩가루 제품의 수분결합력은 볶음 콩가루가 생콩가루보다 높았으며, 용해도와 팽윤력은 유의적인 차이가 없었다. 시중유통 두류가루 제품의 품질 특성 간의 상관관계는 용해도를 제외하고 측정한 항목간에 높은 유의성을 보이는 것으로 조사되었다.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한전기학회 1999년도 추계학술대회 논문집 학회본부 A
• /
• pp.334-336
• /
• 1999

Piping systems of the power generating stations have been generally protected by hydraulic and mechanical snubbers which can allow large displacements arising from temperature change while those can reduce or absorb stresses due to vibrations. However these snubbers require amounts of budget for maintenance or replacement because of the leakage, lubrication and finally short life cycle. Recently the snubbers consisted of wire rope have been proved to reduce vibrations of piping systems. While the wire rope snubbers are free of maintenance such as leakage and lubrication imported price are so high. Now it is necessary to design. manufacture and certificate these wire rope snubbers.