• KSBB Journal
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.438-444
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• 1996

Using recombinant Vaccinia virus(vSC8) that express ${\beta}$-galactosidase, a model heterologous protein, conditions for virus and protein production were investigated in tissue culture flask. As host animal cells HeLa and HeLa S3 were used. It was demonstrated that cells infected during the exponential growth phase gave higher protein yield than those infected during the stationary growth phase and calf serum concentration after virus infection did not significantly alter protein yield. Pretreatment of cell layer with hypotonic solution enhanced the virus infectivity. Optimum cell growth and recombinant protein production was achieved at $37^{\circ}C$. But, during 2 hours of virus infection period incubation temperature must be lowered to 20∼$30^{\circ}C$ for maximum recombinant protein yield. To enhance virus replication, the effects of adrenal glucocorticoid hormone (Dexamethasone) and silkworm hemolymph were evaluated. Only dexamethasone increased about 20% of ${\beta}$-galactosidase yield in HeLa S3 cells when added with 10-7∼10-5M concentration 24 hours before infection.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.43-48
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• 2018

In this study, we performed various extraction condition experiments such as types and concentrations of extractants, amounts of extraction sources, pretreatment processes, to optimize the calcium ion extraction for precipitated calcium carbonate (PCC) production. CaO was used as a calcium extraction source, The extraction amount of calcium ions and the particle size of CaO were determined by ICP and SEM results. As a result, 100% calcium ion was extracted when 2 M hydrochloric acid was used as an extractant, and the optimum amount of the extraction source was 6 g. On the other hand, it was confirmed that the reaction time, reaction temperature, particle milling and heat treatment process had no significant effect on the calcium ion extraction amount.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.601-612
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• 2015

This research investigated the dyeing behavior of palmatine (a major coloring compound of Phellodendron bark in addition to berberine) using mercerization (M), tannic acid (T), mercerization-tannic acid (MT), and tannic acid -mercerization (TM) pretreatments. Mercerization was conducted using $20^{\circ}C$ of 20% NaOH for 5 minutes. Tannic acid treatment was conducted using 15% o.w.f. solution of tannic acid at $60^{\circ}C$ for 30 minutes and fixed with potassium antimonyl tartrate trihydrate. Dyeing was conducted using 1% o.w.f. palmatine chloride hydrate with 1:100 liquor ratio at $10-95^{\circ}C$ for 10-60 minutes in a dyebath of pH 3-9. MT method resulted in the highest dye uptake and was two times higher than the average dye uptake of T method. MT method provided the best result when the dyeing temperature was $80^{\circ}C$ or $95^{\circ}C$ and the dyeing time was 60 minutes. The pH of the dyebath had less effect on the dye uptake but a pH higher than 5 provided better results. The study confirmed that palmatine is a major coloring compound of Phellodendron bark and that the MT method can be used as a successful cotton dyeing method.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.39 no.6
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• pp.490-497
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• 2011

In this study, we determined optimal conditions for simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) using corncob biomass pretreated with oxalic acid. The effect of SSF temperature ($25.8{\sim}34.2^{\circ}C$) and agitation speed (80~220 rpm) were significant at a 99% confidence level in its effect on ethanol production. The highest ethanol production was expected when SSF was performed at $30^{\circ}C$, 170 rpm (22.5 g/L). The ethanol production was improved by mixture of yeast extract (1.25 g/L) and urea (1.25 g/L) as nitrogen source. However, addition of trace metal components and vitamin for SSF was not affected in the ethanol production. Optimal concentration of $KH_2PO_4$, $MgSO_4{\cdot}7H_2O$ for SSF was 1 g/L, 0.25 g/L respectively.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.241-247
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• 1991

The objective of this experiment was to study the effect of dextrin on vacuum frying dried carrots. The concentrations of dextrin solution were 0%, 10%, 20%, 30% and the criteria for quality evaluation were sorption characteristics, rehydration power, color and crispness differences. The sorption characteristics were evaluated by Peleg's equation. Rehydration, color and crispness were determined by rehydration percentage, colorimetry and sensory evaluation, respectively. The dextrin pretreatment of carrot resulted in the reduction of adsorption rate and the equilibrium moisture content of dried carrot at various range of relative humidities, and the adsorption rate of samples pretreated with aqueous dextrin solution at different temperatures($4^{\circ}C,\;20^{\circ}C,\;30^{\circ}C$) were in the following decreasing order : control>10% dextrin>20% dextrin>30% dextrin. As the concentration of dextrin solution and ambient temperature increased, BET monomolecular layer moisture content decreased significantly. In addition, as the concentration of dextrin solution increased, the crispness intensity increased and the color of sample treated with 20% dextrin solution was similar to that of raw carrot.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.38 no.5
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• pp.429-438
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• 2010

In this study, effect of carbon source on the hydrolytic ability of the enzyme from Fomitopsis pinicola, a brown rot fungi, for lignocellulosic biomass were examined on two lignocellulosic biomasses (rice straw and wood) without any pretreatment. Cellulase activities of crude enzyme from F. pinicola, which was cultured on softwood mixture as a carbon source, were 19.10 U/$m{\ell}$ for endo-${\beta}$-1,4-gulcanase (EG), 36.1 U/$m{\ell}$ for ${\beta}$-glucosidase (BGL), 7.27 U/$m{\ell}$ for cellobiohydrolase (CBH), and 7.12 U/$m{\ell}$ for ${\beta}$-1,4 xylosidase (BXL). Softwood mixture as a carbon source in F. pinicola comparatively enhanced cellulase activities than rice straw. The optimal pH and temperature of the cellulase was identified to pH 5 and $50^{\circ}C$for the hydrolysis of rice straw. Under these condition rice straw was hydrolyzed to glucose by the cellulase up to $32.0{\pm}3.1%$ based on the glucan amount of the rice straw for 72 h, while the hydrolytic capability of commercial enzyme (Celluclast 1.5${\ell}$) from rice straw to glucose was estimated to $53.7{\pm}4.7%$ at the same experimental condition. In case of addition of Tween 20 (0.1% w/w, substrate) to the cellulase the hydrolysis of rice straw to glucose was enhanced to $38.1{\pm}2.0%$.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.66-73
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• 2000

Alkaline sulfite-anthraquinone(AS-AQ) cooking process has been applied to unground pine bark. The properties of the spent liquor such as molecular weight distributions, sulfonic equivalent weights, degree of sulfonation, phenolic hydroxyl groups and kaolin dispersing ability have been investigated to evaluate the possibility of using this liquor as concrete additives or binders. In the case of ground bark meal, more than 90% delignification was achieved at the optimal cooking conditions. However, applying these conditions on unground bark the delignification was slightly retarded. The decrease in the degree of delignification may be attributed to less penetration and diffusion of chemicals during the cooking of the bark. Increasing the cooking temperature only by $5^{\circ}C$ improved the delignification of the bark and about 90% delignification can be achieved. These results indicate that bark can be used successfully during AS-AQ cooking without any mechanical or physical pretreatment. The properties of lignin or polyphenol sulfonates in the spent liquor after AS-AQ cooking of the bark were compared with Sunflo-R, which is commercial lignosulfonate(CLS) prepared from wood. The weight average molecular weights(Mws) estimated by gel-filteration chromatography was found to be ranging from 1,200~1,800. These are considerably lower than those in CLS. Lignin or polyphenol sulfonates in the spent liquor of bark and CLS have similar degree of sulfonation, but the phenolic hydroxyl group was 1.8 times higher than CLS. Moreover, the dispersing abilities of the spent liquors were better than that of CLS, especially after 0.1% addition to kaolin suspension.

• Membrane Journal
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.292-300
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• 2014

Chlorine-resistant sulfonated poly(arylene ether sulfone) random copolymer (SPAES)-thin film composite (TFC) membranes for desalination are prepared using monoglyme as a selective solvent, which dissolves SPAES, but should be inert to porous polysulfone layer (e.g., Udel$^{(R)}$). Different from formic acid and diethylene glycol used as other selective solvents, monoglyme is environmentally friendly and has much lower boiling temperature. After a pretreatment of Udel$^{(R)}$ support film in isopropyl alcohol-glycerine mixture to minimize pore penetration leading to fairly reduced water flux, coating of SPAES solution in monoglyme onto the support and stepwise drying processes are conducted for defect-free TFC formation. The transport behavior through SPAES-TFC membranes is observed, correlating with the effects of sulfonation level, protonation, and physical and chemical crosslinking of SPAES selective layers.

• Journal of the Korean institute of surface engineering
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• v.45 no.6
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• pp.248-256
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• 2012

A Pd-based hydrogen membranes for hydrogen purification and separation need high hydrogen perm-selectivity. The surface roughness of the support is important to coat the pinholes free and thin-film membrane over it. Also, The pinholes drastically decreased the hydrogen perm-selectivity of the Pd-based composite membrane. In order to remove the pinholes, we introduced various surface pre-treatment such as alumina powder packing, nickel electro-plating and micro-polishing pre-treatment. Especially, the micro-polishing pretreatment was very effective in roughness leveling off the surface of the porous nickel support, and it almost completely plugged the pores. Fine Ni particles filled surface pinholes with could form open structure at the interface of Pd alloy coating and Ni support by their diffusion to the membrane and resintering. In this study, a $4{\mu}m$ surface pore-free Pd-Cu-Ni ternary alloy membrane on a porous nickel substrate was successfully prepared by micro-polishing, high temperature sputtering and Cu-reflow process. And $H_2$ permeation and $N_2$ leak tests showed that the Pd-Cu-Ni ternary alloy hydrogen membrane achieved both high permeability of $13.2ml{\cdot}cm^{-2}{\cdot}min^{-1}{\cdot}atm^{-1}$ permation flux and infinite selectivity.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.22-30
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• 2004

The polyester fabrics were treated with the chitosan with various solubility in optimized treatment condition. The treatment method was discussed to be a high functional finishing for the polyester fabric to obtain the high moisture absorption and anti-microorganism property by evaluating the effect of the chitosan purification method on the yield and anti-microorganism property of the chitosan. On the other hand, soluble polyurethane was added to the chitosan treatment solution and/or plasma pretreatment was done. The addition of soluble polyurethane give a high add-on ratio as well as a linen like effect of treated polyester fabric. The results were as follows: 1. In the treatment of polyester fabric by the chitosan solution, a soluble PU resin and low temperature plasma treatment were done to obtain high binding force between the fabrics and the chitosan. The add-on rate and the moisture absorption ratio of the fabrics treated with the chitosan-PU after treated with the plasma slightly increased more than those of the fabrics treated with the chitosan only. 2. Anti-static property of the fabrics treated with the chitosan decreased rapidly with increasing of the chitosan concentration. The washing fastness of the fabrics treated with the chitosan-PU after treated with the plasma was better than those of the fabrics treated with chitosan only. The wrinkle resistance of the treated fabrics decreased constantly with the concentration of the chitosan. The bending rigidity of the treated fabrics increased greatly. On the treatment of polyester fabric under optimum condition, the microorganism reduction rate kept above 90％ after 10times launderings. 3. As the polyester fabrics which has flat yam was used as a weft yams were treated with the chitosan-PU as give a functional finishing effects such as durability, moisture absorption, anti-static and anti- microorganism property. Treated polyester fabric showed a good functional finishing effect and a linen like property.