• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.538-543
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• 2020

Cardiovascular diseases are a rapidly growing epidemic with high morbidity and mortality. There is an urgent need to develop nutraceutical-based therapy with minimum side effects to reduce cardiovascular risk. Panax ginseng occupies a prominent status in herbal medicine for its various therapeutic effects against inflammation, allergy, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and even cancer, with positive, beneficial, and restorative effects. The active components found in most P. ginseng varieties are known to include ginsenosides, polysaccharides, peptides, alkaloids, polyacetylene, and phenolic compounds, which are considered to be the main pharmacologically active constituents in ginseng. P. ginseng is an adaptogen. That is, it supports living organisms to maintain optimal homeostasis by exerting effects that counteract physiological changes caused by physical, chemical, or biological stressors. P. ginseng possesses immunomodulatory (including both immunostimulatory and immunosuppressive), neuromodulatory, and cardioprotective effects; suppresses anxiety; and balances vascular tone. P. ginseng has an antihypertensive effect that has been explained by its vasorelaxant action, and paradoxically, it is also known to increase blood pressure by vasoconstriction and help maintain cardiovascular health. Here, we discuss the potential adaptogenic effects of P. ginseng on the cardiovascular system and outline a future research perspective in this area.

• Proceedings of the KOSOMBE Conference
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• v.1993 no.05
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• pp.134-135
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• 1993

The purpose of this research is development of EGG system for quantitative assessment of laryngeal function using speech and electroglotto-graphic data. The designed EGG system is 4-electrodes system which excitation current source is supplied from 1st to 4th electrode. The output signal.: from 2nd and 3rd electrodes, which are motivated by frequency of excitation current source, are air-pressure waveforms from vocal folds. After demodulation process, we obtain pitch signals of the modulated waveforms by excitation current source through differentiator which cuts off frequency below 0.1Hz. Software processing methods were used as conventional pitch extraction methods, but the proposed system is designed to analog hardware in order to eliminate interferences from low formant frequency of speech. We will construct the discriminating database between pathological subjects and control groups on each case. Using the proposed 3 channel EGG system and LMS algorithm, it will be detected that the distinctive characteristics of laryngeal function of voiced region and other regions by EGG signals and LPC spectra.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers Conference
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• 2010.11a
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• pp.672-675
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• 2010

Spray characteristics for the modulation with a pulsed spray in low-frequency region were investigted by performing with additional internal pulsed injection. The 1st perturbative flow was generated by rotating-type pulsed device and the 2nd pulse source generated by the magnetic valve was used to modulate the 1st flow. A pattern of the modulated spray was observed through FFT result and visualization. In case of modulated spray with the 2nd pulse control, the width of up and down motion of the modulated spray is smaller than that of the spray without the 2nd pulse. Also, the depth of penetration of the down stream is higher than that of spray without the 2nd pulse.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2001.06b
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• pp.676-681
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• 2001

ABS is a safety device, which adds hydraulic system to the existing brake system to prevent wheel from locking, so we can obtain maximum braking force on driving. The hydraulic system to control braking pressure consists of sol-flow type using solenoid valve, flow control valve or consists of sol-sol type using two solenoid valve. In this paper, the hydraulic system in ABS is composed of sol type using a 3port-2position solenoid valve, and vehicle system is composed of 1/4 vehicle model. And slip ratio is controlled using PWM (Pulse-Width-Modulation) control algorithm. Braking friction coefficient and tracking friction coefficient which are described by slip ratio's function have maximum value when slip ratio has its value from 0.1 to 0.3. And slip ratio is controlled constantly in this boundary value even in the variation of road's condition in some boundary.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2006.06a
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• pp.469-470
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• 2006

The purpose of this research was to investigate and to find out the optimal annealing condition to mold an aspheric glass to be used for mobile phone module having 2 megapixel and $2.5{\times}$ zoom. Taking annealing rate and re-press temperature after molding as molding variables under the identical molding temperature and pressure, a glass lens was molded. And, Form Accuracy, Lens Thickness, Refractive Index, and Modulation Transfer Function(MTF) were measured in order to observe characteristics of molded lens, and then optimal annealing conditions were determined based on the resulting data. Properties of lens molded under the optimal conditions revealed Form Accuracy[PV] $0.2047\;{\mu}m$ in aspheric surface, and $0.2229\;{\mu}m$ in plane, and MTF value was 30.3 % under 80 lp/mm.

• Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
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• v.43 no.1 s.145
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• pp.96-102
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• 2006

In this study, an optimization routine with genetic algorithms is coupled for the selection of free variables for the production of a control signal for the motion of wave board in the numerical wave tank. An excitation function for the controlling of the wave board is formulated on basis of amplitude modulation for the generation of nonlinear wave packets. The found variables by the optimization serve for the determination of wave board motion both with the computation and with the experiment. The breaking criterion of the water waves is implemented as boundary condition for the optimization procedure. With the analysis of the time registration on the local position in the wave tank the optimization routine is accomplished until the given design wave with defined surface elevation is found. Water surface elevation and associated fields of velocity and pressure are numerically computed.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.223-232
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• 2010

Artesunate, a semi-synthetic derivative of artemisinin, is used primarily as a treatment for malaria. Its effects on the central nervous system, general behavior, and cardiovascular, respiratory, and other organ systems were studied using mice, rats, guinea pigs, and dogs. Artesunate was administered orally to mice at doses of 125, 250, and 500 mg/kg and to rats and guinea pigs at 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg. In dogs, test drugs were administered orally in gelatin capsules at doses of 50, 100, and 150 mg/kg. Artesunate induced insignificant changes in general pharmacological studies, including general behavior, motor coordination, body temperature, analgesia, convulsion modulation, blood pressure, heart rate (HR), and electrocardiogram (ECG) in dogs in vivo; respiration in guinea pigs; and gut motility or direct effects on isolated guinea pig ileum, contractile responses, and renal function. On the other hand, artesunate decreased the HR and coronary flow rate (CFR) in the rat in vitro; however, the extent of the changes was small and they were not confirmed in in vivo studies in the dog. Artesunate increased hexobarbital-induced sleeping time in a dose-related manner. Artesunate induced dose-related decreases in the volume of gastric secretions and the total acidity of gastric contents, and induced increases in pH at a dose of 400 mg/kg. However, all of these changes were observed at doses much greater than clinical therapeutic doses (2.4 mg/kg in humans, when used as an anti-malarial). Thus, it can be concluded that artesunate is safe at clinical therapeutic doses.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.489-495
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• 2014

Protease-activated receptor (PAR)-2 is expressed in endothelial cells and vascular smooth muscle cells. It plays a crucial role in regulating blood pressure via the modulation of peripheral vascular tone. Although some reports have suggested involvement of a neurogenic mechanism in PAR-2-induced hypotension, the accurate mechanism remains to be elucidated. To examine this possibility, we investigated the effect of PAR-2 activation on smooth muscle contraction evoked by electrical field stimulation (EFS) in the superior mesenteric artery. In the present study, PAR-2 agonists suppressed neurogenic contractions evoked by EFS in endothelium-denuded superior mesenteric arterial strips but did not affect contraction elicited by the external application of noradrenaline (NA). However, thrombin, a potent PAR-1 agonist, had no effect on EFS-evoked contraction. Additionally, ${\omega}$-conotoxin GVIA (CgTx), a selective N-type $Ca^{2+}$ channel ($I_{Ca-N}$) blocker, significantly inhibited EFS-evoked contraction, and this blockade almost completely occluded the suppression of EFS-evoked contraction by PAR-2 agonists. Finally, PAR-2 agonists suppressed the EFS-evoked overflow of NA in endothelium-denuded rat superior mesenteric arterial strips and this suppression was nearly completely occluded by ${\omega}$-CgTx. These results suggest that activation of PAR-2 may suppress peripheral sympathetic outflow by modulating activity of $I_{Ca-N}$ which are located in peripheral sympathetic nerve terminals, which results in PAR-2-induced hypotension.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.29-36
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• 2007

Electroacupuncture(EA) is known to affect various autonomic functions such as blood pressure regulation, immune modulation and the improvement of disorders concerning autonomic functions. The aim of the present study was to establish whether EA has an immune-enhancing effect. ICR mice weighing 20 to 25g were divided into four groups: Group I(n=6), blank; Group II(n=6), control; Group III(Zusanli, n=6), low frequency-EA(10Hz of electrical stimulation), and Group IV(Zusanli, n=6), high frequency-EA (100Hz of electrical stimulation). For this study, we investigated expressions of spleen heat shock protein (HSP)70, HSP90 and secretions of cytokines. A Forced Swimming Test(FST) was performed as a model of activity test in mice. After three days of the FST, 10Hz EA($114.8{\pm}7.27s$) and 100Hz EA($147.5{\pm}1.29s$) immobility time significantly decreased compared with the control group($157.2{\pm}1.48s$). After seven days, 10Hz EA($124{\pm}1s$) and 100Hz EA($141{\pm}4.24s$) also significantly decreased immobility time compared with the control group($168{\pm}7.93s$). 10Hz EA and 100Hz EA increased the expression of HSP70 but did not change that of HSP90. 100Hz EA increased secretions of IL-6 and IL-12 compared with the control group however, 10Hz EA failed to change those of IL-6 and IL-12. The present results suggest that EA may be useful for down-regulated immune diseases.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.89-95
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• 2015

All living organisms have a biological clock that orchestrates every biological process and function, and this internal clock operates following a circadian rhythm. This biological clock is known to influence various clinical indicators such as blood pressure and body temperature. Also, the fluctuation of signs and symptoms of diseases including pain disorders are affected by circadian rhythm. It has been reported that the pain intensity of various somatic and neuropathic pain disorders show unique pain patterns that depend on the passage of time. The generation of pain patterns could be explained by extrinsic (e.g., physical activity, tactile stimulation, ambient temperature) and also intrinsic factors (neural and neuroendocrine modulation) that are related to the circadian rhythm. It is important to recognize and identify the individual pain pattern in pain therapy to approve treatment outcome. Moreover, chronotherapeutics which considers pain patterns and pharmacokinetics in context of the circadian rhythm could produce greater analgesia in response to medication. However, only a limited number of studies handle the issue of pain patterns according to circadian rhythm and chronotherapeutics in the orofacial region. The present review intends to reflect on the most recent and relevant data concerning the bidirectional relation between pain disorders of the orofacial region and circadian patterns.