• 진공이야기
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.11-16
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• 2014

A variety of metal vacuum systems displays the celebrated 1/t pressure, namely, power-law dependence on time t, with the exponent close to unity, as to the origin of which there has been long-standing controversy. Here we propose a chemisorption model for water adsorbates, based on the argument for 2D fermion behavior of water adsorbed on a metal surface, and obtain analytically the power-law behavior of pressure with an exponent unity. Further, the model predicts that the pressure should depend on the temperature T according to $T^{1.5}$, which is indeed confirmed by our experiment.

• 한국추진공학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.21-27
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• 2017

본 논문에서는 HTPB/AP/Al계 추진제의 성능 개선을 위한 연소속도와 압력지수를 제어하기 위하여 연소특성에 관한 AP입자 사이즈 비율과 연소촉매로 사용된 Butacene 함량의 영향을 조사하였다. 23%의 $28{\mu}m$ Al과 3%의 Butacene을 포함하는 추진제 조성에서 연소속도와 압력지수는 $9{\mu}m$ AP 입자의 함량이 증가함에 따라 증가하였다. 그리고 Butacene을 함유하는 추진제는 비교적 낮은 압력지수 특성을 보임으로써 Butacene의 함량이 증가함에 따라 연소속도도 증가하였다. 그러나 Butacene의 함량에 의한 압력지수의 변화는 크게 나타나지 않았다.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2000년도 추계학술대회논문집A
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• pp.256-261
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• 2000

In this study, we derived work-hardening exponent using continuous indentation test technique. Continuous indentation test technique is a powerful method to evaluate mechanical properties, such as hardness, modulus, ${\sigma}-{\varepsilon}$ curves and etc. It has many merits conventional indentation test has. The relationship between true stress and mean contact pressure and between strain and indentation depth were derived. While the indenter pushes the materials, the region around the indenter is deflected elastically. It is called elastic deflection. And pile-up phenomenon related to plastic deformation around the indenter increased the contact depth, and sink-in phenomenon decreases. So we calibrated contact depth change by considering elastic deflection and pile-up/sink-in. Using calibrated contact depth we redefined the relationship between true stress and mean contact pressure and between strain and contact depth. Through these relationship we could derive work-hardening exponent by analyzing load-depth curves. And it showed good agreement with tensile test results.

• 한국항공우주학회지
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.392-398
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• 2009

노즐의 팽창 조건에 따라 적용할 수 있는 이론적인 추력을 구하고 구해진 추력식을 이용하여 고체 추진기관의 추력을 조절하는 핀틀 추진기관의 설계변수, 즉 압력지수, 최소 작동압력, 대기압, 소화압력이 추력 조절 성능에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 분석결과 압력지수가 클수록, 최소 작동압력이 낮을수록, 대기압이 높을수록, 그리고 소화압력이 높을수록 핀틀로 노즐목 면적 크기를 조금만 조절하여도 낮은 연소관 압력 조절 범위에서 충분히 원하는 추력비를 얻을 수 있음을 확인하였다.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• 제18권7호
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• pp.1246-1257
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• 2004

The objective of this paper is to characterize dynamic pressure traces measured at self-excited combustion instabilities occurring in two combustion systems of different hardware. One system is a model lean premixed gas turbine combustor and the other a fullscale bipropellant liquid rocket thrust chamber. It is commonly observed in both systems that low frequency waves at around 300㎐ are first excited at the onset of combustion instabilities and after a short duration, the instability mode becomes coupled to the resonant acoustic modes of the combustion chamber, the first longitudinal mode for the lean premixed combustor and the first tangential mode for the rocket thrust chamber. Low frequency waves seem to get excited at first since flame shows the higher heat release response on the lower frequency perturbations with the smaller phase differences between heat release and pressure fluctuations. Nonlinear time series analysis of pressure traces reveals that even stable combustion might have chaotic behavior with the positive maximum Lyapunov exponent. Also, pressure fluctuations under combustion instabilities reach a limit cycle or quasi-periodic oscillations at the very similar run conditions, which manifest that a self-excited high frequency instability has strong nonlinear characteristics.

• 한국추진공학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.12-18
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• 2021

본 연구에서는 추력 제어용 추진제 조성 개발을 위해 고 압력지수 추진제를 만들고자 하였다. 프리폴리머로 PCP를 사용하며 니트라민 계열의 산화제인 HMX와 HNIW 기반 추진제를 제조하여 각각의 연소특성을 비교하였다. HMX에 비해 HNIW가 추진제의 연소속도, 비추력 그리고 화염온도에 큰 영향을 준다는 것을 알았다. 또한, AP를 조 산화제로 사용할 경우, 추진제의 연소속도, 비추력 및 화염온도는 미세 AP 함량, 총 고체 함량 그리고 가소제 양이 증가할수록 병행 상승하였으나, 압력지수는 오히려 낮게 나타났다. 그리고, 여러 압력 구간에서 온도에 따른 연소특성 변화를 알아보기 위해 150 psia부터 2,500 psia사이 구간에 대해 PCP/Nitramine/AP 추진제의 연소속도에 대한 온도 민감도를 측정하였다.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.25-34
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• 2011

The new empirical static model was constructed on the basis of dimension analysis to predict the pressure drop according to the operating conditions. The empirical static model consists of the initial pressure drop term (${\Delta}P_{initial}$) and the dust mass number term($N_{dust}=\frac{{\omega}_0{\nu}_f}{P_{pulse}t}$), and two parameters (dust deposit resistance and exponent of dust mass number) have been estimated from experimental data. The optimum injection distance was identified in the 64 experimental data at the fixed filtration velocity and pulse pressure. The dust deposit resistance ($K_d$), one of the empirical static model parameters got the minimum value at d=0.11m, at which the total pressure drop was minimized. The exponent of dust mass number was interpreted as the elasticity of pressure drop to the dust mass number. The elasticity of the unimodal behavior had also a maximum value at d=0.11m, at which the pressure drop increased most rapidly with the dust mass number. Additionally, the correlation coefficient for the new empirical static model was 0.914.

• Industrial Engineering and Management Systems
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.185-190
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• 2011

A driver interacts directly with the car seat at all times. There are ergonomic characteristics that have to be followed to produce comfortable seats. However, most of previous researches focused on either static or dynamic condition only. In addition, research on car seat development is critically lacking although Malaysia herself manufactures its own car. Hence, this paper integrates objective measurements and subjective evaluation to predict seat discomfort. The objective measurements consider both static and dynamic conditions. Steven's psychophysics power law has been used in which after expansion; ${\psi}\;=\;a+b{\varphi}_s^{\alpha}+c{\varphi}_v^{\beta}$ where ${\psi}$ is discomfort sensation, ${\varphi}_s^{\alpha}$ is static modality with exponent ${\alpha}$ and ${\varphi}_v^{\beta}$ is dynamic modality with exponent ${\beta}$. The subjects in this study were local and the cars used were Malaysian made compact car. Static objective measurement was the seat pressure distribution measurement. The experiment was carried out on the driver's seat in a real car with the engine turned off. Meanwhile, the dynamic objective measurement was carried out in a moving car on real roads. During pressure distribution and vibration transmissibility experiments, subjects were requested to evaluate their discomfort levels using vehicle seat discomfort survey questionnaire together with body map diagram. From subjective evaluations, seat pressure and vibration dose values exponent for static modality ${\alpha}$ = 1.51 and exponent for dynamic modality ${\beta}$ = 1.24 were produced. The curves produced from the $E_{q.s}$ showed better $R_{-sq}$ values (99%) when both static and dynamic modalities were considered together as compared to Eq. with single modality only (static or dynamic only R-Sq = 95%). In conclusion, car seat discomfort prediction gives better result when seat development considered both static and dynamic modalities; and using ergonomic approach.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.101-108
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• 2004

Recently, a semi-active shock absorber has been taking interest because of its low cost and simple structure than the active one. CFD analysis has been conducted to investigate the continuous and variable damping characteristics of the semi-active shock absorber. Also, the flow resistance characteristics of a spool valve has been examined to identify individual parameters(namely, exponent and discharge coefficient) of pressure-flow rate relation needed for the accurate valve modeling. The flow field in the damping valve was simulated using the commercial code, CFX-5.3. The numerical results showed reasonable agreement with the experimental outputs. The pressure distribution with the variation of spool opening length and volume flow rate were discussed in detail. And the continuous and variable damping performance was found clearly. The individual parameters of spool valve were obtained as a function of orifice area. The exponent and discharge coefficient were fitted in with the first and the third polynomial respectively.

• 한국추진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국추진공학회 2017년도 제48회 춘계학술대회논문집
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• pp.508-512
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• 2017

본 연구에서는, 고연소속도 고체 추진제 개발을 위하여 금속연료인 Al 과 Zr이 도입된 HTPB/AP계 추진제의 연소특성에 대한 연구를 수행하였다. 고체 추진제의 연소특성은 연소속도와 압력지수로서 평가하였으며 연소속도 증진을 위한 연소촉매제로서 Butacene을 적용하여 추진제를 제조하였다. Al과 Zr이 도입된 추진제가 성능 및 연소 특성이 향상되었음을 보였다.