• 한국유체기계학회 논문집
• /
• 제11권1호
• /
• pp.26-32
• /
• 2008

The safe operation of high pressure pipe line systems is of significant importance. Leaks due to faulty operation from the pipelines can lead to considerable product losses and to exposure of community to dangerous gases. There are several leak detection methods of pipeline network which have recently been suggested. The negative pressure wave detection technology, which has advantages of short time detection availability, accurate leaking location estimate capability and cost effective, is concentrated in this study. Theoretical analysis of the flow characteristics for leaking through a hole on the pipe wall has been performed by using Fluent 6.3, commercial CFD package. The results of 3-dimensional analysis near leaking hole confirm the occurrence of negative pressure wave, and the results of 2-dimensional analysis verify the characteristics of propagation of the wave which travels with speed equal to the speed of sound in the pipeline contents. Characteristics of leakage and pressure in a pipe with a hole have been analyzed for the various pipe and hole sizes.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
• /
• 제20권4호
• /
• pp.360-367
• /
• 1995

The effect of air vent holes, stacking methods of boxes and clearance between boxes on static pressure drop, were measured to design of pressure cooling system. Static pressure drops in air vent hole of carton box were measured for different hole opening ratio from 1% to 5%. Static pressure drop was expressed as a function of superficial velocity as second-degree polynomial. At given static pressure in plenum chamber, static pressure drop in boxes was shown as second-degree polynomial of the number of carton box in series stacking method, as first-degree polynomial in height and parallel stacking method. In pressure cooling of 24 boxes of Tsugaru apple, air flow rates through clearance between the boxes were shown 1.27 and 1.65 times than those of through the inside of boxes at the plenum pressure of 10mmAq and 20mmAq, respectively.

• 한국정밀공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국정밀공학회 1997년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
• /
• pp.1068-1072
• /
• 1997

This work deals with on investigation the influence of various additives to a base stock cutting fluid in order to develop a better deep hold drilling. This investigation has been aiming at developing an oil which gives a maximum cutting efficiency at a minimum wear rate of the tool and the guiding pads. The purpose of study is to analyze how guide pad of tools, workpiece and the change of contained quantity of extreme pressure additive in cutting fluids have effects on the hold over size of cutting hole, surface roughness of workpiece,wear rates of guide pad and roundness during the deep hole machining of SM55C with solid BTA drill by using BTA drilling system through experiment. Conclusion reached is as follows. It has been proved that the contained quantity of surphur more affects machinability than that of extreme pressure additive of chlorine of cutting fluid in BTA drilling during Deep Hole Drilling. Considering its base oil, the the contained quantity of extreme pressure assitive of surphur can be different, but it's judged that the range of 1.5 ~ 2.0% is suitable to machinability for workpiece in BTA drilling. Regarding guide pad, it's judged that the reduction of wear is possible in propotion to the contained quantity of exrreme pressure additive of chlorine against supporting of cutting force and Bumishing operation of machining parts in cutting.

• 한국터널지하공간학회 논문집
• /
• 제17권6호
• /
• pp.653-664
• /
• 2015

압력도수터널 콘크리트 라이닝 구조계산시 암반의 이완하중, 내수압, 외수압, 건조수축, 그라우팅압 등 다양한 하중조건을 고려하는데, 아직까지 국내에는 압력도수터널에 대한 콘크리트 라이닝 구조해석을 위한 설계기준 및 체계적인 매뉴얼이 없으므로 설계자에 따라 다르게 적용되고 있는 실정이다. 특히, 도수터널은 외수압을 저감시키기 위해 Weep Hole을 설치하는 경우도 있는데, Weep Hole 설치로 인해 많은 문제점이 야기될 수도 있으므로 Weep Hole을 설치하지 않을 시 외수압 처리에 대한 합리적인 접근 방법이 필요하다. 따라서, 본 논문에서는 압력도수터널 콘크리트 라이닝 구조 계산시 외수압 처리에 대해 기존 설계사례 및 문헌 등을 분석하여 합리적이고 적절한 설계개념에 대하여 서술하였다.

• 한국분무공학회지
• /
• 제20권4호
• /
• pp.254-260
• /
• 2015

The objective of this study is to investigate the effect of multi-hole nozzle on the performance of small CRDI engine. Combustion and exhaust emission characteristics of engine were studied by using CFD simulation with ECFM-3Z combustion model. The conditions of simulation were varied with nozzle geometry, injection timing and injection quantity. In addition, the results were compared in terms of combustion pressure, rate of heat release, $NO_x$ and soot emissions. It was found that combustion pressure was increased when injection timing was advanced. The rate of heat release of 6 hole nozzle was higher than that of 12 hole nozzle since the quantity of fuel impinged at the bottom of piston rim was different under different injection timing conditions. In the case of $NO_x$ emission, 6 hole nozzle generated more $NO_x$ emission than 12 hole nozzle. On the other hand, in the case of soot emission, 12 hole nozzle showed higher value than 6 hole nozzle because injected fuel droplets from multi-hole nozzle were coalesced.

• 한국분무공학회지
• /
• 제20권1호
• /
• pp.43-52
• /
• 2015

Experimental study was conducted to investigate the effects of ultra-high injection pressure and nozzle hole diameter on diesel flow and spray characteristics. Electronically controlled ultra-high pressure fuel injection system was made to supply the fuel of ultra-high pressure consistently. Three injection pressures, 80, 160, and 250MPa were applied. Four type of injectors with identical eight nozzle holes were used. The four injectors have nozzle hole diameters of 115, 105, 95, and $85{\mu}m$ respectively. Injection quantity and rate were measured to investigate flow characteristics according to injection pressures and nozzle hole diameters. Mie-scattering and shadowgraph were performed to visualize liquid and vapor phases of diesel spray in a constant volume combustion chamber (CVCC). Ambient conditions of high pressure and high temperature in a diesel engine were simulated by using CVCC.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
• /
• 제4권1호
• /
• pp.23-31
• /
• 1980

The fluid static pressure has been generally measured by means of a small hole leading to a measuring instrument. In case of viscoelastic fluids, however, it has been shown experimentally that a systematic error exists in measuring the static pressure by means of the small hole becuase viscoelasitc fluids have many properties that can not be observed in Newtonian fluids. In this paper, in order to examine the mechanism of the errors in measuring the static pressure of viscoelasitc fluids, flow patterns in the vicinity of static pressure measuring hole were photographically taken and observed graphically. The experiments to take photographs of flow patterns were performed by a parallel plate channel with the steady two-dimensional shear flow of viscoelastic fluids. Results of the experiment are classified as following three regions; (1) Arched symmetrical flow pattern region. (2) Asymmetrical flow pattern region. (3) Rectilinear symmetricl flow pattern region.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한기계학회 2002년도 학술대회지
• /
• pp.671-674
• /
• 2002

Pressure compensating temperature control valve(TCV) is one of the important control devices, which is used to maintain the constant temperature of working fluid in power and chemical plants. The ratio of cylinder hole diameters of inlet and outlet is the main design parameters of TCV. So this needs to be investigated to improve the function of control of temperature and void fraction. In this study, numerical analysis is carried out with various ratios of cylinder hole diameters of the inlet and outlet in the TCV. Especial1y, the distribution of the static pressure Is investigated to calculate the new coefficient($C_{\upsilon}$) and resistance coefficient(K). The governing equations are derived from making using of three-dimensional Naver-Stokes equations with standard $k-{\varepsilon}$ turbulence model and SIMPLE algorithm. Using a commercial code, PHOENICS, pressure and flow fields in TCV are calculated with different inlet and outlet diameters of the cylinder hole for cold and hot water passages.

• 한국항공우주학회지
• /
• 제36권10호
• /
• pp.954-961
• /
• 2008

원형 손상구멍이 있는 날개 주위 유동장에 대한 실험연구를 수행하였다. 손상은 시위의 10% 직경의 시위에 수직인 원형 구멍으로, 구멍 중심은 1/4 시위 혹은 1/2 시위에 위치하고 있다. 입자영상유속계에 의한 유동장 측정과 날개의 아래 및 윗면에서의 정압장을 시위를 기준으로 한 레이놀즈수 Rec=2.85×105에서 측정하였다. 입자영상유속계에 의한 유동 측정 결과 손상 구멍 주위에는 두 가지 형태의 유동구조가 형성되었다. 하나는 약한 제트로 손상 구멍 하류에서 부착된 후류가 생성된다. 다른 하나는 받음각 증가에 의한 강한제트에 의한 것으로 손상구멍으로부터 자유흐름으로 관통되어 접근하는 경계층 흐름을 박리시켜 역류가 있는 박리 후류구조를 생성한다. 날개면 압력 자료는 원형 손상 구멍 근처에서 큰 압력변화를 보여주었다. 이러한 압력변화는 손상구멍이 앞전 쪽에 가까울수록 증가하였다.

• 한국항공우주학회지
• /
• 제34권5호
• /
• pp.30-38
• /
• 2006

기존의 전통적인 회귀분석 기반 교정방법에 비해 높은 교정정밀도를 얻을 수 있는 5-hole pressure probe의 교정방안을 연구하였다. 이 새로운 교정기법은 교정시험으로부터 획득한 데이터와 곡선적합 결과간의 차이를 이용하여 산정한 단일 영역에 대한 오차보간 반응곡면을 사용한다. 끝단의 직경이 4.0 mm인 5-hole probe를 자체 제작하고, 레이놀즈수$4.11{\times}10^6$/m와 흐름각 ${\pm}48$에서 교정시험을 수행하였다. 최소자승 회귀분석모델과 단일영역 오차보간 모델을 적용하여 자료처리를 수행하고 이들 두 교정방안에 대한 비교평가와 분석을 수행하였으며, 아울러 교정 정밀도에 대한 평가도 수행하였다.