• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.124-130
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• 2008

Streptococcus (Strep.) agalactiae is one of the major pathogens of bovine mastitis and is the main cause of subclinical infection. This study attempted to develop a rapid PCR diagnosis procedure using milk samples collected on filter paper disks. Chromatographic filter paper was employed as the preservation media and kept at room temperature for one to four weeks. The revival rate of Strep. agalactiae kept on dried filter paper disks was affected by the pretreatment preservation time. The revival test suggested that not all the bacteria in artificially contaminated milk samples on the filter paper disks could be recovered. After that, a PCR based on the 16-23S intergenic spacer region of Strep agalactiae was performed. The results distinguished the strep. agalactiae from major pathogens of bovine mastitis at a $2{\times}10^2$ colony forming units (CFU)/ml level, which showed similar sensitivity to the results from liquid milk samples. The results also showed that milk samples collected on filter paper disks could be kept at room temperature for one to four weeks with little negative effect on sensitivity and specificity. The field test showed that the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity was 96.15% and 98.60%, respectively. In conclusion, the protocol will provide a rapid and economic procedure for the detection of bovine mastitis.

• Journal of the Regional Association of Architectural Institute of Korea
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.109-116
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• 2019

The Seoul city recommended that old apartments be preserved, and as part of that, it decided to preserve some of the buildings for Jamsil Jugong, which was built in 1977, and Gaepo Jugong, which was constructed in 1981. The purpose of this study was to compare and review newspaper articles with two perspectives positive and negative about how the social perception of 'apartment trace remaining' was being constructed. By looking at the meaning of keywords delivered by newspaper articles and the interaction structure between keywords through the analysis of semantic networks, we analyzed how the media is pursuing an issue on the topic of preservation of architectural cultural heritage. The analysis results confirmed that there was a clear difference between positive and negative newspaper. Positive articles dealt with utilization from the point of view of keywords linked to preservation, and negative articles showed that keywords related to the property and backlash of residents linked to the policy of the Seoul Metropolitan Government were linked, leading to high negative public opinion.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.97-103
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• 2014

A total of 7039 strains of filamentous fungi are preserved in Korean Agricultural Culture Collection (KACC). The 4065 strains (58%) of them, which produce many spores in cultivation on proper media, are preserved with freeze-drying method. They are also preserved with liquid nitrogen and deep-freezer storage in order to minimize loss by death. Aspergillus, Penicillium, Lichtheimia, Mucor, Rhizopus, etc. which are common in surrounding environments, are included in this category. The others which do not produce spores, or produce few spores in vitro, are preserved with liquid nitrogen, deep-freezer and mineral oil storage. Phytophthora, Pythium, Cercospora, Septoria, Rhizoctonia, etc. are included in this category. The authors also introduced various fungal preservation methods and provided detailed preservation procedures that are used in KACC.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.262-268
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• 2003

Kefir is a traditional fermented milk in Caucasusian area and is made mainly of milk fermented with lactic acid bacteria and yeasts. Six typical kefir grains were selected from ten kefir grains collected from different locals in Korea. Kefir grains were gelatinous in texture and had various shapes of villi, grapes, leaves, hulled millets, and towels. To investigate predominant microflora of kefir grains, SPC, MRS, M17, Rogosa, and APT agar media were used for viable cell count MRS, SPC, and Rogosa media were most acceptable for bacterial cell counts of the selected kefir grains. From one or two of the SPC agar plates which contained around 25∼50 colonies, all grown colonies were isolated and identified. Most predominant bacteria was identified as Lactobacillus fermentum by API 50 CHL kit. The proportions of Lb. fermentum and Lb. brevis among the total identified bacteria were around 41~88% and M4%, respectively. To select the best preservation method for kefir grains, refrigeration, freezing, and freeze drying were compared. Freeze drying was found most suitable for the preservation of kefir grains, based upon their acid-producing activities and production of off-flavors.

• The Journal of Art Theory & Practice
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• no.2
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• pp.121-146
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• 2004

Compared to the influences of Korean art journalism, the researches on them are rarely conducted. This study aims to examine the influence of art journalism in art magazines in Korea. Although it is essential to consider media, journalism, public opinion altogether, I focused only on the media due to the absence of previous studies I have analyzed the current conditions of korean art journalism, types of feature articles, sponsors, their relations with articles and the comparison with foreign art journalism in terms of production conditions. There have been about one hundred art magazines published in previous sixty years and currently there are twenty three. Monthly periodicals are the majority: the publishers are sorted out as publishing houses, galleries, newspaper company in order specialized art magazines developed from the eighties. Through an examination of feature articles in these art magazines, I found that they repeated similar art issues and covered the same artists sponsors and articles. Moreover, when the magazines went through the conflicts between managers and editors, the ascendency of managers obstructed the development of art journalism regarding journal quality. These days, art journalism have been comparatively regressed compared to other art systems such as art museums, curatorship, international aft festivals, distributions and art promotion policies. The main causes for failure were the lack of professional management, the limited effort to diversify sponsors, and the repetition of the same informants and events without making an effort to be specialized Magazines are published media which contribute to the creation of culture, distribution, and preservation. Therefore art magazines can be said the most influential media in forming art culture and distributing it. It is quite necessary to reform the problems of repeating of information and the lack of speciality in conjunction with the commitment of management and editorialship.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.114-119
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• 2002

This research was performed to investigate the immnomodulative effects of ploysaccharides extracted from the fruiting body of Agarcus blazei cultivated with the media which are fermented with sugar cane bagasse containing Pueraria thunbergiana in open-air storage. In MTT test, methanol extracts from the fruiting body of A. blazei cultivated with P. thunbergiana media showed in colon carcinoma line(HT29) by 1.5∼3.5 fold and human heptoma cell line (HepG2) by 1.3 ∼2.4 fold antitumor activites compared to two types media (rice straw plus sugar cane bagasse, rice straw only) often used in the fauns. To clarify the antimutagenic principles, three extracts, Ab-l, Ab-2 and Ab-3, were separated by the solvent fractionations such as hot water, cold & hot sodium hydroxide respectively, and their antimutagenic effects was determined against N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-cnitrso-guanidine(MNNG) using Salmonella typhymurium. There was no significant differencies of inhibition levels among the used media, but Ab-3 tractions still showed a high antimutagenicity in the Ames test regardless of cultivating areas or media. To prove the cell immunofunction, nitric oxide (NO) produced from Raw 264.7 matrophage cultured with three fractions (Ab-l, Ab-2, Ab-3) was measured, and showed generally increase about 45 ∼58 percent compared to another two media (rice straw plus sugar cane bagasse, rice straw only), in the fraction of hot alklai extracts of the fruiting body cultivated with P. thunbergiana, which means that the media selection could be very important factors for improving medicinal effects in agaricus blazei fruiting body.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.886-893
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• 2013

Several indigenous sulfite-resistant yeasts were isolated at the microbial succession stage of yeast flora during spontaneous fermentation of Campbell Early grapes using a YPD plate that contained 200 mg/L or 500 mg/L potassium metabisulfite. When they were applied to the wine fermentation using the Campbell Early grape and apple juices, strains S13 and D8 showed strong alcohol fermentation and good flavor production. They were identified as Saccharomyces cerevisiae in the phylogenetic analysis based on their ITS 1-5.8S-ITS II DNA sequences. The two yeast strains grew to a high cell density in the YPD media supplemented with 40%(w/v) glucose. They also grew rapidly in the YPD media at $40^{\circ}C$. While strain S13 showed some differences in cell density at the two temperatures, no marked difference was observed during the culture of strain D8. The strains grew relatively well at pH 5.0 and 9.0 compared with pH 7.0, which was the optimum pH for their growth. Especially, strain S13 cultivated in the YPD media at pH 9.0 grew to 93% of the growth of strain D8, which was obtained at pH 7.0.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.961-966
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• 2011

This research was carried out to evaluate the value of tofu containing mushroom as a immunomodulator. Tofu was made using $CaSO_4{\cdot}2H_2O$ or Lactobacillus extract as a coagulant after adding powder of fruit bodies or mycelia of Letino edodes and Lepista nuda to soybean milk. Proximate compositions of tofu and tofu containing mushroom were analyzed. Levels of interferon ${\gamma}$ (IFN-${\gamma}$), interleukin 4 (IL-4) and tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$ (TNF-${\alpha}$) in culture media of lymphocytes collected from mouse spleens after being injected with mushroom, regular tofu, or tofu made with mushroom were measured by sandwich ELISA. In addition, concentrations of IgG1, IgG2a and IgE in plasma or lymphocyte culture media were analyzed. Crude protein, crude lipid and crude ash were decreased in tofu containing mushroom but phosphorus was increased significantly. IFN-${\gamma}$ concentration was significantly decreased in mice injected with fruit body or tofu alone. IL-4 level was decreased significantly in mice injected with tofu containing fruit body of L. edodes. However, TNF-${\alpha}$ was increased in mice injected with tofu containing fruit body of L. edodes. Plasma levels of IgG1 were increased in almost all groups, while there was no significant change in IgG2a levels among treated mice groups. Concentrations of IgG1 and IgG2a were increased significantly in lymphocyte culture media of mice injected with tofu containing mushroom. Plasma levels of IgE level was significantly increased in mice injected with tofu or fruit body of L. edodes, but not in mice treated with tofu containing mushroom. These results showed that tofu with mushroom affected immune activities, and it seems valuable to consider developing the mixture of tofu and L. edodes as an immunomodulator.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.835-845
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• 2008

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of FS for the modulation of ROS and MMP in a hypoxic model of cultured rat cortical cells. Methods : For the effect of FS on the viability, FS was added to culture media (neurobasal supplemented with B27) and cell viability was measured by LDH assay. To investigate the effects of FS on ROS generation and MMP preservation, cells grown in FS-containing media were given a hypoxic shock(2% $O_2/5%$ $CO_2$, $37^{\circ}C$, 3 hrs) on DIV 10, stained with $H_2DCF-DA$(10 nM) and JC-1, respectively, and observed by fluorescent microscope. Results : 1. FS has a protective effect of cortical cells in both normoxia and hypoxia. 2. FS reduced the generation of ROS and this reduction was especially significant at 3 days after hypoxia. 3. FS was effective for the maintenance of MMP in hypoxia, and this efficacy was especially significant at 3 days after hypoxia. Conclusions : Taken together, these results indicate that FS attenuates ROS generation and MMP dissipation, which eventually protects from neuronal cell death in hypoxia.

• Hwankyungkyoyuk
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• v.18 no.2 s.27
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• pp.1-13
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to investigate the environmental awareness and attitude of elementary school teachers. For this study, 100 elementary school teachers from H graduate school of education were sampled. The results of this study were summarized as follows. First, the biggest concern of environmental problems were water-pollution and garbage problems by the lack of understanding about the environment and injudicious development. Second, most teachers recognized the need for environmental education and they answered that they were doing best to teach students with the main purpose of helping them develop values of environmental preservation. Third, most environmental education was carried out during class using current events and the emphasis on garbage separation and recycling. They also showed the lack of teaching materials and field trips for environmental education. Fourth, it appeared to come from media-oriented environmental education. Most teachers mainly used newspapers and visual materials. 1'hey were obtaining knowledge and information related to environmental education through the media. Since in-service teachers' conceptions could directly effect present education, it is necessary to establish a more systematic educational system for environmental education, for in-service elementary school teachers.