• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.81-90
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• 2010

This study aimed to identify the contributors of extra-curricular activities of preschool children focusing on home environmental factors(financial capital, human capital, and social capital) and maternal belief about factors on academic achievement(child's effort, child's ability, teacher's instruction, and maternal teaching). One hundred and seventy three mothers whose preschool children were attending child-care centers in Seoul and Kyunggi-Do participated in the survey. Kinlaw et al.(2001)'s Importance of Effort/Ability Scale was used to assess the mother's belief about the factors on academic achievement. Stipek et al.(1992)'s Activities Sub-scales was revised to measure a social capital, that is the mother's formal and informal activities providing to their preschool child. Educational level was utilized as human capital and monthly income was considered as financial capital. Also, using open ended questions, the subjects were asked to respond to the numbers of extra-curricula activities their child was presently attending, and when he or she began to attend the extra-curricular activity. The main results are as follows. In general, the mothers provided informal activities to their preschool child more than formal activities. Also, they believed the teacher's instruction is the most important and the child's ability the least important in their child's academic achievement. The number of extra-curricular activities was predicted by mothers' formal activities and their belief on their child's ability. The age of starting extra-curricular activities were explained by mothers' formal activities and their educational level.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.230-240
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• 2001

This study was designed to develop the nutrition education program for the mothers of preschool children in kindergarten and evaluate its educational effects. Nutrition education program was developed on the basis of the concept which consisted of nutrition, nutrients, menu planning, cooking, recognition of nutrition education, food selection and menu planning, will of nutrition improvement. Subjects consisted of 41 mothers. All the subjects completed a pretest and a posttest. The nutrition knowledge score of pretest was 33.77$\pm$12.53 and that of posttest was 55.25$\pm$16.32 and the difference was significant(p<0.001). The Food attitude score of pretest was 66.40$\pm$6.26 and that of posttest was 70.76$\pm$6.05 and the difference was significant(p<0.001). Food attitude score of high score-group of nutrition knowledge was higher than that of low score-group of nutrition knowledge significantly, in pretest(p<0.001) and posttest(p<0.01) respectively. Nutrition knowledge score and food attitude score of children of educated parents of nutrition program was higher than that of children of uneducated parents of nutrition program but the difference was not significant. The nutrition densities of vitamin A(p<0.001), vitamin B$_1$(p<0.05), vitamin B$_2$(p<0.001), folic acid(p<0.05), Ca(p<0.001), p(p<0.001), calculated using the INQ(Index of Nutritional Quality), was significantly improved by nutrition consult and education program. The MAR(Mean Adequacy Ratio) of pretest was 0.79$\pm$0.23 and that of posttest was 0.91$\pm$0.16 and the difference was significant(p<0.05). (Korean J Nutrition 34(2) : 230-240, 2001)

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.35 no.9
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• pp.970-981
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• 2002

To assess riboflavin status by dietary intake and urinary excretion of preschool children in Busan and to evaluate the relationship of intakes of food and nutrient with urinary riboflavin excretion, riboflavin food frequencies of 40 common foods affecting intakes of riboflavin by food fequency method, nutrient intake by 24hr recall and 24hr urinary riboflavin excretion were measured with 97 preschool children. The mean riboflavin intake was 0.90 mg and above RDA. Dairy group was the primary source of riboflavin intake and provided 44.8% of the total daily riboflavin intake. The mean urinary riboflavin excretion and riboflavin excretion per gram of creatinine were 395.21$\mu\textrm{g}$ and 2110.41$\mu\textrm{g}$ respectively, The mean riboflavin intake (p<0.01, p<0.01), riboflavin density (p <0.001, p<0.001) and urinary riboflavin excretion per gram of creatinine (p<0.05, p<0.05) were significantly low with the two patterns of food group intake where dairy group was omitted (GMVFDS = 111101, consuming no dairy group and GMVFDS=l11001, consuming no fruit and dairy groups). On the basis of urinary riboflavin excretion per gram of creatinine, 14.3% of subjects in the group aged 1 to 3 and 18.2% of subjects in the group aged 4 to 6 were at risk of deficiency respectively. The urinary riboflavin excretion per gram of creatinine showed positive significant correlations with usual intakes of riboflavin from food groups of dairy (p<0.05), meat (p<0.05) and animal (p<0.05). So nutritional education is needed in order to consume dairy food group daily and to increase usual intake of animal food group including meat.(Korean J Nutrition 35(9) : 970~981, 2002)

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.34 no.7
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• pp.786-796
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• 2001

To assess calcium and sodium and urinary excretion of preschool children in Busan and to evaluate the relationship of intakes of food and nutrient with urinary calcium excretion, calcium and sodium food frequencies of 25 common foods affecting intakes of calcium and sodium per week, nutrient intake by 24hr recall and 24hr urinary calcium and sodium excretion were measured with 97 preschool children. The mean calcium intake was 436.11mg and below RDA. The mean sodium intake was 1890.11mg. The mean urinary calcium and sodium excretion were 42.88mg and 735.25mg respectivery. The mean urinary calcium/creatinine ratio was 0.20. The urinary calcium excretion showed positive significant correlations with weight, intake frequency of pizza consumed per week and urinary sodium excretion (p<0.05, p<0.05, p<0.001). The urinary calcium excretion per milligram of creatinine showed positive significant correlations with intake frequencies of pizza and common squid consumed per week(p<0.01, p<0.05) and negative correlation with intake frequencies of pizza and common squid consumed per week(p<0.01, p<0.05) and negative correlation with age(p<0.05). No significant relations were found between urinary calcium and intakes of calcium, protein and phosphorus. Urinary sodium was found to be the most important determinant of urinary calcium excretion. Intake frequency of pizza consumed per week was found to be the most important determinant of urinary calcium excretion per milligram of creatinine. Based on the results, urinary calcium excretion was related to intake frequency of pizza consumed per week and urinary sodium excretion. Low calcium intake and increase of calcium loss in the urine potentiated by sodium intake during growth may reduce peak bone mass. So nutritional education is needed in order to increase calcium intake and decrease sodium intake, especially from food like pizza.

• Human Ecology Research
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• v.60 no.3
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• pp.317-330
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• 2022

This study examined the factors influencing the psychosocial well-being of working mothers of preschool children. It investigated the mediation effects of sociological ambivalence in the relations of psychosocial well-being with a family-supportive work environment and with the gender-role stereotype of family members. In addition, it tested the moderated mediation effects of the traditional gender-role attitudes in workplace and meta-mood. Data were obtained from 476 working mothers of preschool children. Using SPSS 25.0, Cronbach's alpha reliability was calculated, descriptive statistics were generated, and Pearson's correlation analysis performed. Mediation and moderated mediation analyses were carried out using the SPSS process macro 3.5 program. The main results were as follows: first, sociological ambivalence mediated the relationship between psychosocial well-being and a family-supportive work environment. The mediating effect of sociological ambivalence was moderated by emotional attention, a sub-factor of meta-mood. Second, sociological ambivalence mediated the relationship between psychosocial well-being and the gender-role stereotype of family members. In addition, the traditional gender-role attitudes in workplace moderated the mediating effect of sociological ambivalence on the relationship between the gender-role stereotype of family members and psychosocial well-being. These results can be used to inform discussion on changing policy and education to improve the psychosocial well-being of working mothers with preschool children.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.259-267
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• 1999

This study was conducted to investigate to the effect of weaning food-feeding methods on Preschool-Children's food habit, food preference and iron nutritional status for the subjects of 337 children, aged 18-60 months attending day care centers in Suwon and Seoul area. It divided the subjects into two groups according to the weaning food-feeding methods during their weaning period. One group(spoon-group) was defied as one had used to spoon over two times a day for 5 months and the ohter group (bottle-group) as one had used to bottle over two times a day for 5 months in weaning periods. All of the data were analyzed based on the weaning food-feeding method, mainly using bottle or spoon during their weaning period. The study results are summarized as follows. 1) 44.2% of the mothers mostly used bottle and 46.6% of them mostly used bottle to feed weaning foods. Age difference between the two groups was not found. 2) The numbers of daily consumed foods were significantly more higher in the spoon-group than the bottle-group and the amount of daily milk consumption was more higher among bottle-group. 3) Both of food intake frequency and food preference scores of the spoon-group were significantly higher than food intake frequency and food preference scores the bottle-group. 4) Iron nutritional status assessed by Hb and Hct was low in general. Only 26-63% of the subjects at each monthly age were in normal range. The higher the children's age, the more were grouped in normal range, which was more evident among children of the bottle-group. 5) Mother's nutrition knowledge related to weaning was more higher among spoon-group than both-group. There results shows the importance of appropriate weaning food-feeding methods for Preschool-children's food habit, food preference and nutritional status especially iron nutritional status. Nutrition education for mothers with weaning aged children has to be stressed and related programs have to be intervened effectively.

• Journal of Gifted/Talented Education
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.483-497
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to examine the validity of the Teacher's Scale for Gifted Preschool Children(TSGPC). Participation of this study were 357 preschool children and their parents and teachers from Seoul, Ulsan, Daegy, Gwangiu & Daejeon. Data were analyzed by exploratory factor analysis, Pearson's r, t-test and Cronbach's ${\alpha}$. Results are as follows. (1) exploratory factor analysis of TSGPC revealed that a 5-factor solution (academic ability, creativity, task commitment, artistic talent, and leadership) was the best fit. (2) Correlations between TSGPC and parental rating scale for young children's giftedness were significant. (3) Scores of TSGPC between gifted children and general children were significantly different (4) Cronbach's ${\alpha}$ ranged from .82 and .91 for subscale of TSGPC and .93 for the total scale. These results show that the Teacher's Scale for Gifted Preschool Children is quite reliable and valid measure.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.77-84
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• 2009

Purpose: This study was performed to investigate outbreak, treatment, and lifestyle in children with atopic dermatitis (AD) for developing a health promotion education program. Method: Data were collected from 2,920 children with AD in preschool and elementary schools in K city. Result: The majority of children (43.75%) were onset in less than 1 yr after the birth. The locations of skin lesion were face, extension of extremities, and flextion of extremities, neck and trunk. The types of treatment were complement therapies, and medical treatment such as pediatrics and dermatology. Their parents chose a type of treatment for their children. Of complement therapies, the most common type was aroma oil. Herbal medicine was the most eating type among complement therapies. In lifestyle, the preferred bathing method was shower. In applying moisturizer, the most common time was within 3 min after bath. The highest frequency of taking instant/processed diet was 1-2 times per week and the most preferred type was pork. Conclusion: A Health promotion educational program with AD in preschool and elementary school children should included a specificity of disease, the recent treatment guideline, life therapy and evidenced complement therapy by child and family unit for the promotion of their health.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.237-252
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• 1997

The purpose of this study were to identify the income allocation structure of private education and child care and to analyze contributing factors income allocation structure of private education and child care for two children among Korean married couples. For these purposes total sample of 760 married couples those having two children of both pre-school aged and elementary school aged wee selected and total sample was divided into two groups by first child's school aged; those were pre-school aged(375) and elementary school aged (385) Statistics were frequencies means percentile and Tobit and OLS analysis. The results were as follows. First 268 households among the households those having the first child of pre-school aged spent 11% of income for private education while 29 households spent 7% of income for child care. 348 households among the households having the first child of elementary school aged spent 11% of income for private education. Second pre=-school aged' contri uting factors to income allocation struture of private education and child care were household family type family size home ownership and financial asset amount and elementary school-aged factors were satisfaction of family relationship and financial asset.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.145-154
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• 2011

This study investigated the effects of young children's learning-related skills and the maternal involvement on academic abilities. The sample consisted of 310 children from 7 child-care centers located in Seoul and Gyeonggi Province. All variables were measured by the teachers and the mothers of surveyed children. The instrument included the Korean Child Development Inventory(K-CDI) for 4 to 6-year olds and Preschool Learning Behavior Scale(McDermott et al 2000) and the questionnaire on mother's involvement about their children's education. The collected data was analyzed by t-test and hierarchical regression using the SPSS Program. The findings are as follows. First, regardless of the family income level, verbal comprehension and numerical abilities were positively associated with their learning-related skills of young children. Second, the interaction effect of learning-related skills and the mothers' involvement on verbal comprehension of young children in the low-income families was observed. However, no interaction effect was seen in terms of learning-related skills and the maternal involvement on verbal comprehension and numerical abilities of young children in the high-income families. These findings highlight the importance of learning-related skills and their mothers' involvement during the preschool period for the low-income family in improving the early academic achievement.