• Korean Security Journal
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• no.20
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• pp.291-311
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• 2009

Amid intensified global competition, securing high technologies is becoming a prerequisite towards achieving developed nation status. Korea has made tremendous efforts into developing technologies for decades and it has now obtained a leading position in many fields. As a result, however, Korea has become a major target of industrial espionage and not a few Korean businesses have already suffered from it. In order to effectively counter industrial espionage, this research explores the use of polygraph security screening as an internal control method through literature review, and discusses matters which need to be considered before the introduction of it into Korea, focusing on the accuracy of security screening. Since polygraph security screening generates deterrent effect by increasing certainty and celerity of punishment, it makes a valuable contribution to the control of industrial espionage. However, the most important problem with the use of the polygraph in security screening is errors of the examination. Thus, polygraph security screening should be used as a part of comprehensive security management program to reduce the possibility of errors. In addition, because factors such as countermeasures and examiner's experience are known to influence the accuracy of the examination, the issues surrounding them should also be addressed.

• Journal of Gifted/Talented Education
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.897-916
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• 2014

In this study, we presented a teaching-learning method that can apply process-focused assessment for mathematical creativity of problem solving process of the gifted student, By necessity of appropriate teaching-learning program development to the level and ability of students who belong to high school gifted classes and courses evaluation for students who participated in education programs for the gifted. In the construction implementation process of students utilizing a kind of teaching-learning software, GeoGebra. We analyzed process of a variety of creative constructing figures using interfaces of GeoGebra and algebraic calculation. Utilizing 'Construction Protocol' and 'Navigation Bar' of GeoGebra, We identified computer languages, construction order, run times used in construction process of individual student and found mathematical creativity of students in the process. Comparing this result with prerequisite learning degree of individual student, We verified that this teaching-learning method can apply at the high school gifted classes as well as institutes for the gifted education in the city office.

• Bulletin of the Korean Space Science Society
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• 2004.10b
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• pp.347-350
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• 2004

A space radiation analysis has been used to evaluate an ability of electronic equipment boxes or spacecrafts to endure various radiation effects, so it helps design thicknesses of structure and allocate components to meet the radiation requirements. A comparison study of space radiation dose analysis programs SPENVIS Sectoring Tool (SST) and SIGMA II is conducted through some structure cases, simple sphere shell, box and representative satellite configurations. The results and a discussion of comparison will be given. A general comparison will be shown for understanding those programs. The both programs use the same strategy, solid angle sectoring with ray-tracing method to produce an approximate dose at points in representative simple and complex models of spacecraft structures. Also the particle environment data corresponding to mission specification and radiation transport data are used as input data. But there are distinctions between them. The specification of geometry model and its input scheme, the assignment of dose point and the numbers, the prerequisite programs and ways of representing results will be discussed. SST is a web-based interactive program for sectoring analysis of complex geometries. It may be useful for a preliminary dose assessment with user-friendly interfaces and a package approach. SIGMA II is able to obtain from RSICC (Radiation Safety Information Computational Center) as a FOR-TRAN 77 source code. It may be suitable for either parametric preliminary design or detailed final design, e.g. a manned flight or radiation-sensitive component configuration design. It needs some debugs, recompiling and a tedious work to make geometrical quadric surfaces for actual spacecraft configuration, and has poor documentation. It is recommend to vist RSICC homepage and GEANT4/SSAT homepage.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.636-643
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to investigate school dietitians' perception on nutrition labelling of processed and packaged foods in the Incheon area. This study was carried out through a self-administered questionnaire and the subjects were 203 school dietitians. The results were summarized as follows. Most of the subjects checked nutrition labeling of processed and packaged foods when they purchased these foods for school lunch. However, the main reason for their checking nutrition labeling of processed and packaged foods was not for nutrition but for food safety. There were significant differences in the subjects' understanding and trust on nutrition labeling of processed and packaged foods by employment school. The scores of the subjects' satisfaction, understanding and trust on nutrition labeling of processed and packaged foods were not high. There were significant differences in the subjects' perception and concern about content information on nutrition labeling of domestic processed and packaged foods by employment school. Most of the subjects answered that it is almost necessary or very necessary to implement nutrition labelling of processed and packaged foods. Also their most preferred method of nutrition labelling was to label nutrient content. As the most important nutrient and functional component necessary for nutrition labelling, they answered energy, mineral such as calcium and iron, protein, total fat, cholesterol, vitamin, sodium and dietary fiber in order. As the major prerequisite task for the implementation of nutrition labelling, they answered formulation of nutrition labelling-related rules, and education and motivation for consumer, Therefore, it is necessary to activate the mandatory nutrition labelling of the processed and packaged foods and to prepare its consumer education program for school dietitian.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.121-131
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• 2010

Technological innovation depends on the quality of workers, whose ability is the key component to raise business competitiveness. Our study evaluates how satisfactory is the training of workers at small and medium sized firms, and suggest how to improve upon it. We show the theoretical framework for the relation between customer satisfaction and their behavioral intent on the one side, and factors of training service quality. Our result show: (1) Factors affecting customer satisfaction are, in descending order of importance, expertise, policy, follow-up service, attitude and behavior, and convenience. (2) Contrary to established views on the service quality, satisfaction for training would not be the prerequisite variable for intent to act, in case of training service quality. (3) Satisfaction level for training depends on the type of organization in charge of training (government, university, or private sector.) It also varied among different types of business (L-type, A-type, and J-type.) Small and medium sized firms find it difficult to commit to training education due to lack of money and manpower. The recent expansion of free training service would address part of this problem. On the other hand, the outfit in charge of training could boost service quality by customizing their training program to the type of business they cater to.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.18 no.7
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• pp.1317-1325
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• 2008

Viral safety is an important prerequisite for clinical preparations of plasma-derived pharmaceuticals. One potential way to increase the safety of therapeutic biological products is the use of a virus-retentive filter. In order to increase the viral safety of human antihemophilic factor IX, particularly in regard to non-enveloped viruses, a virus removal process using a polyvinylidene fluoride membrane filter (Viresolve NFP) has been optimized. The most critical factor affecting the filtration efficiency was operating pH and the optimum pH was 6 or 7. Flow rate increased with increasing operating pressure and temperature. Recovery yield in the optimized production-scale process was 96%. No substantial changes were observed in the physical and biochemical characteristics of the filtered factor IX in comparison with those before filtration. A 47-mm disk membrane filter was used to simulate the process performance of the production-scale cartridges and to test if it could remove several experimental model viruses for human pathogenic viruses, including human hepatitis A virus (HAV), porcine parvovirus (PPV), murine encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV), human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV), bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), and bovine herpes virus (BHV). Non-enveloped viruses (HAV, PPV, and EMCV) as well as enveloped viruses (HIV, BVDV, and BHV) were completely removed during filtration. The log reduction factors achieved were $\geq$6.12 for HAV, $\geq$4.28 for PPV, $\geq$5.33 for EMCV, $\geq$5.51 for HIV, $\geq$5.17 for BVDV, and $\geq$5.75 for BHV. These results indicate that the virus filtration process successfully improved the viral safety of factor IX.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.997-1003
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• 2008

Viral safety is a prerequisite for manufacturing clinical antihemophilic factor VIII concentrates from human plasma. With particular regard to the hepatitis A virus (HAV), a terminal dry-heat treatment ($100^{\circ}C$ for 30 min) process, following lyophilization, was developed to improve the virus safety of a solvent/detergent-treated antihemophilic factor VIII concentrate. The loss of factor VIII activity during dry-heat treatment was of about 5%. No substantial changes were observed in the physical and biochemical characteristics of the dry-heat-treated factor VIII compared with those of the factor VIII before dry-heat treatment. The dry-heat-treated factor VIII was stable for up to 24 months at $4^{\circ}C$. The dry-heat treatment after lyophilization was an effective process for inactivating viruses. The HAV, murine encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV), and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) were completely inactivated to below detectable levels within 10 min of the dry-heat treatment. Bovine herpes virus (BHV) and bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) were potentially sensitive to the treatment. However porcine parvovirus (PPV) was slightly resistant to the treatment. The log reduction factors achieved during lyophilization and dry-heat treatment were ${\geq}5.55$ for HAV, ${\geq}5.87$ for EMCV, ${\geq}5.15$ for HIV, 6.13 for BHV, 4.46 for BVDV, and 1.90 for PPV. These results indicate that dry-heat treatment improves the virus safety of factor VIII concentrates, without destroying the activity. Moreover, the treatment represents an effective measure for the inactivation of non-lipid-enveloped viruses, in particular HAV, which is resistant to solvent/detergent treatment.

• Journal of Gifted/Talented Education
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.63-84
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• 1999

This study is to examine the current problems of teaching gifted children and suggest elements(or factors) to be considered in setting up goals thereof by analyzing incumbent teachers awareness. 121 teachers were arbitrarily selected from 30 different kindergartens located in Seoul and Anyang, and they were interviewed with two parts questionnaires(or opinions) of improving current practice. The first part of the questionnaire is composed of the questions about teachers awareness of gifted children, actual state of teaching gifted children, effects of teaching in kindergarten for gifted children, and desired direction for teaching improvement. The second part of the questionnaire provided interpretation of precociousness by study habit, creativity and definitive properties and asked the number of children qualified in their classes. Since the results of the first interview as to awareness of gifted children were dismal, 40 teachers were thereafter randomly selected again, and the second interview was warranted. The results alarmingly revealed that program of teaching gifted children were barely existing even though the teachers awareness for the needs of special education for the precocious as well of study materials and programs thereof was high. In addition, the teachers familiarity of gifted children was surprisingly low. At the second interview whereby gifted children was explained, the teachers awareness of gifted children was dramatically improved to 40% in comparing with 7.4% at the first interview without explanation of gifted children. Teachers awareness of gifted children was low because of lacking direct or indirect experience of having gifted children and special programs therof in their classes as well as teachers nonchalance. Therefore not only adequate training and education of teachers, but also cultivation of qualified teachers for special programs for the precocious are obligatory. Training of incumbent teachers and determination of gifted children are prerequisite for timely discovery of gifted children and adequate education for them. Development of special education programs and diffusion are also crucial.

• Mycobiology
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.200-206
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• 2019

Allelic differences in A and B mating-type loci are a prerequisite for the progression of mating in the genus Pleurotus eryngii; thus, the crossing is hampered by this biological barrier in inbreeding. Molecular markers linked to mating types of P. eryngii KNR2312 were investigated with randomly amplified polymorphic DNA to enhance crossing efficiency. An A4-linked sequence was identified and used to find the adjacent genomic region with the entire motif of the A locus from a contig sequenced by PacBio. The sequence-characterized amplified region marker $7-2_{299}$ distinguished A4 mating-type monokaryons from KNR2312 and other strains. A BLAST search of flanked sequences revealed that the A4 locus had a general feature consisting of the putative HD1 and HD2 genes. Both putative HD transcription factors contain a homeodomain sequence and a nuclear localization sequence; however, valid dimerization motifs were found only in the HD1 protein. The ACAAT motif, which was reported to have relevance to sex determination, was found in the intergenic region. The SCAR marker could be applicable in the classification of mating types in the P. eryngii breeding program, and the A4 locus could be the basis for a multi-allele detection marker.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.20 no.12
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• pp.357-369
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• 2020

This study tries to identify and clarify the concept of barriers to sexual health nursing care. A hybrid model was used to perform a concept of barriers to sexual health nursing care. To accomplish this, we analyzed data collected from 4 participants as well as from available literature regarding. We categorized barriers to sexual health nursing care were identified to have five dimensions and six attributes. The definition of barriers to sexual health nursing care recognizes the need and necessity of sexual health nursing care, but due to difficulty in accessing sex, prejudice, stereotypes, difficulty in communication, and lack of knowledge related to sex, the subjects are provided with professional sexual health nursing education and it is found that the service was not provided. This study is a basic data for evaluating barriers to sexual health nursing care as a prerequisite for reducing barriers to sexual health nursing care experienced by nurses to provide sexual health nursing care. Besides, the results may serve as a basis for proposing the development of a program to reduce barriers to sexual health nursing care.