• Clinical Endoscopy
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• 제51권6호
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• pp.570-575
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• 2018

Background/Aims: Capsule endoscopy is a diagnostic method for evaluating the small bowel lumen and can detect undiagnosed lesions. The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic yield and clinical impact of capsule endoscopy in patients with refractory diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome and functional abdominal pain. Methods: This study involved a retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data, maintained in a database. Patients with refractory diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome and functional abdominal pain within the period of March 2012 to March 2014 were included. Capsule endoscopy was used to detect small bowel pathologies in both groups. Results: Sixty-five patients (53.8% female) fulfilled the inclusion criteria and had a mean (${\pm}$standard deviation) age of $50.9{\pm}15.9$ years. Clinically significant lesions were detected via capsule endoscopy in 32.5% of the patients in the abdominal pain group and 54.5% of the patients in the diarrhea group. Overall, 48% of patients had small bowel pathologies detected during the capsule endoscopy study. Inflammatory lesions and villous atrophy were the most frequent lesions identified in 16.9% and 15.3% of patients in the abdominal pain and the diarrhea groups, respectively. Conclusions: Routine use of capsule endoscopy in patients with irritable bowel syndrome should not be recommended. However, in patients with refractory conditions, capsule endoscopy may identify abnormalities.

• Journal of the Earthquake Engineering Society of Korea
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• 제24권6호
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• pp.267-275
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• 2020

In the event of an earthquake, non-structural components require seismic performance to ensure evacuation routes and to protect lives from falling non-structural components. Accordingly, the seismic design code proposes horizontal force for the design and evaluation of non-structural components. Ground motion observed on each floor is affected by a building's eigen vibration mode. Therefore, the earthquake damage of non-structural components is determined by the characteristics of the non-structural component system and the vibration characteristics of the building. Floor response spectra in the seismic design code are estimated through time history analysis using seismic waves. However, it is difficult to use floor response spectra as a design criterion because of user-specific uncertainties of time history analysis. In addition, considering the response characteristics of high-rise buildings to long-period ground motions, the safety factor of the proposed horizontal force may be low. Therefore, this study carried out the horizontal force review proposed in the seismic design code through dynamic analysis and evaluated the floor response of seismic waves considering buildings and predominant periods of seismic waves.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.31-36
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• 1970

An epidemiological survey on cholera was made toward the 291 cases admitted in Pusan National University Hospital. The results were as follows. 1. The most predominant age groups among all cholera patients were from 30 to 39(21.3%). 2. 74.9% of all cases got under the educational background of primary school and 69.4% of all cases occurred at the low income group. 3. Daily average numbers of patient were 6.2 and maximum numbers wore 15, August 19, 1970. 4. Among the food eaten prior to onset, drinking water was the most predominant with 16.2% and next, food and noodle groups were 14.8% and 10.3% respectively. 5. Regarding incubation period, it was found that 'within 48 hours' was 83.5%. 6. Patients occurred mainly in Suh Ku area with 105(36.1%) of all cases. 7. Carrier rates among family members were 1.78%. 8. Carrier rates among residents of epidemic area were 0.12%.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.203-213
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• 2008

Purpose: This study is to evaluate the efficacy of non pharmacotherapy on dysmenorrhea. Methods: Survey was done through web site and directly searched dysmenorrhea -related articles in journals of Korean medicine Gynecology, published during 1996-2008. Results: 1. All articles reported non pharmacotherapies were significant efficacy in the decrease of dysmenorrhea. 2. The distribution of therapy was acupunture treatment 14 articles and the other treatments 6 articles. 3. The frequency of acupoint was Sanyinjiao(三陰交, SP6) 10 articles, Guanyuan(關元, CV4) 5 articles, Qihai(氣海, CV6) 4 articles and mainly used meridians were Immaek(任脈), Liver Meridian of Foot Gworeum(足厥陰肝經), Spleen Meridian of Foot Taeum(足太陰脾經). 4. The distribution of period for treatment were the most predominant as 7(35%) articles from one day before menstruation to the second day of menstruation. 5. The distribution of duration for treatment were the most predominant as 7(35%) articles in one day. 6. VAS was mainly used in the evaluation of dysmenorrhea and MDQ, MMSL, MVRS were used in premenstrual syndrome. Conclusion: In this study, non pharmacotherapies were effective on dysmenorrhea.

• The Korean Journal of Zoology
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.163-171
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• 1981

Chromosome aberrations induced by ENU and MNU were investigated in CHO cells at various doses and times after treatment. The results obtained were as follows: The frequency of chromosome aberrations induced by ENU and MNU drastically depends on the length of the post-treatment period and the concentration of these chemicals. In ENU-treated groups, the major type of aberration was chromatid deletions in earlier samples but the frequency of chromatid exchanges increased with time, revealing, predominant type at 24 hours after treatment with $10^-3$ M. In MNU-treated groups, chromatid deletions were also major type but frequency of chromatid exchanges were predominant from 12 hours after treatment with $10^-4$ and $10^-5$ M.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.268-273
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• 1995

To study the nutritional value of warty sea squirt, Styela clava, which is one kind of urochoda and it has been used as special seafood stuffs by Korean, the seasonal variations of nutrient was investigated. The moisture content was ranged from 83.6% to 86.8% in experimental period. Maximun glycogen content showed up in June (3.7g/100g sample). The protein(N$\times$6.25) and lipid content varied with glycogen whereas ash content was not changed remarkably, showing 2.8$\pm$0.3%. Predominant minerals in edible portion and integuments were sodium, potassium, calcium and magnesium in order. Predominant constitutiional amino acids were asparagine, glutamic acid, taurine, aspartic acid, lysine and glycine and amino acids occupied 50% of the total amino acid. Porportion of nonpolar lipid to total lipid increased from April to early June while polar lipid level decreased. The neutral lipid was composed of triglyceride(59.32%) and free sterol(23.52%), and followed by diglycerides, monoglycerides, esterified sterols and hydrocarbon, free fatty acid. The phospholipid was mainly composed with phosphatidyl choline(49.7%), and phosphatidyl ethanolamine(33.0%). The major fatty acids of the total lipid in warty sea squirt were C20 : 5(17%), C22 : 6(13.76%), C16 : o(13.91%) and C16 : 1(12.52%).

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.341-346
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• 1993

Seasonal distribution of chigger mites in the Kangwha Island and Yongjong Island was studied during the period of October 1992-August 1993. From 42 field rodents collected, 1,290 chiggers were obtained and 8 species of 4 genera were identified. In the Kanghwa Island, Leptopombidium pallidum was the predominant species through all seasons with the percentage of 93.0%. Whereas, In the Yongjong Island, L. palpale was the predominant species with the percentage of 38.4% and L. pnllidum was not found.

• 한국해양학회지
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• 제9권1_2호
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• pp.19-30
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• 1974

Current observations were carried out in Jinhae Bay area during the period of January to February 1974. The data were synthetically analyzed and the characteristics of the water movement in Jinhae Bay were studied. The water movement in Jinhae Bay area is a reversing tidal current type and the Semi- diurnal tidal current is predominant. The ebb current begins at about high water time and the strongest current occurs at about 3 hour after high water. The flood current begins at 0.2-1.0 hour before low water and the strongest current occurs at about 3-4 hour after low water. The main ebb current flows to SE direction with the maximum welocity, about 100cm/sec and the lood flows to NW with the maximum velocity, about 70cm/sec. Generally, the ebb current in Jinhae Bay is more predominat than the flood current except at the west and the north coast area of Gadeog-do where the flood current is more predominant.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권9호
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• pp.4123-4126
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• 2015

Background: Carcinoma of the esophagus is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. The most common subtype is squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). In the past three decades, the incidence of SCC has been reported to be decreasing whereas esophageal adenocarcinoma (AC) is increasing. This study assessed the trend of esophageal cancer in Brunei Darussalam over a three decades period. Materials and Methods: The National Cancer registry was searched for esophageal cancers from 1986 to 2012. Data on age, gender, racial groups (Malays, Chinese, Indigenous and foreign nationals) and histology type were collected. The rate (ASR) and Age Specific Incidence rate (ASIR) were calculated. Results: The predominant tumor type was SCC which accounted for 89% of all esophageal cancer. The gender ratio was 2.25: 1 (male: female) and the mean age at diagnosis was $66.9{\pm}12.9$ years, significantly younger for esophageal AC ($57.2{\pm}16.0$) compared to SCC ($68.1{\pm}12.0$, p<0.05), and among the foreign nationals (p<0.05 for trend). The proportions of SCC among all esophageal cancers in the various racial groups were: Malays (87.8%), Chinese (100%), Indigenous (100%) and foreign nationals (20%). None of the Chinese and Indigenous groups were diagnosed with esophageal AC. The overall ASR for esophageal cancer was 2.1/100,000; 2.0/100,000 for SCC with a declining trend and 0.17/100,000 for esophageal AC, without any trend observed. Among the two major racial groups; the Chinese has higher ASR (3.42/100,000) compared to the Malays (ASR 0.95/100,000). Conclusions: SCC is the predominant tumor type of esophageal cancer in Brunei Darussalam and more common among the Chinese. There was a declining trend in the incidence of SCC but not for esophageal AC.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.12-20
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• 1989

This is a retrospective study on 452 patients with maxillofacial bone fracture. The patients were treated at the Dept. of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, WON KWANG UNIV. HOSPITAL from Aug. 1, 1984 to Sept. 30, 1988. The results were as follows. 1. The facial bone fractures occured most frequently in the twenties (35.3%)and male were predominant(75%) than female. 2. The most frequent etiologic factor was traffic accident. 3. The most common location of facial bone fracture was mandible(57%). Zygomatic bone & arch(39.9%) were most common on middle 1/3 of the face and symphysis(37.1%) were most common on the mandible. 4. The time from injury to treatment was variable from under the 1 week (65%) to over the 1 week(35%). In most case of the patients were treated beyond the 3 days(51.5%). 5. The relationship of intermaxillary fixation period and treatment method was an intimate relationship. The IMF period was reduced by the use of plate and screw osteosynthesis. 6. The weight loss was proportioned to intermaxillary fixation period.