• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.689-699
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• 1996

The purpose of this research is to determine elements affecting the out-of-pocket cost of woman. The sample consisted of 1907 women living Iksan city. The survey was conducted by means of questionnaires. The model used in the analysis of out-of-pocket cost was the Andersen-Newman model, while the analysis techniques used were stepwise multiple regression and path analysis. The number of independent variables used in the analysis was 28 in total, ie 19 predisposing components, 6 enabling components, and 3 need components. In this study, the amount of variance by the model was 17 percent. Number of restricted activity days caused by oral disease, perceived susceptibility of dental disease, having a regular dental care, dental treatment costs, education level and income were found to have significant major effects on out-of-pocket cost. Number of restricted activity days caused by oral disease was the most important variable affecting out-of-pocket cost of woman. Also out-of-pocket cost shows larger effect due to enabling components than frequency of dental utilization.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.190-193
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• 2014

Recurrent posterior shoulder instability is a debilitating condition that is relatively uncommon, but its diagnosis in young adults is increasing in frequency. Several predisposing factors for this condition have been identified, such as the presence of an abnormal joint surface orientation, an osteochondral fracture of the humeral head or glenoid cavity, and a postero-inferior capsuloligamentary deficit, but their relative importance remains poorly understood. Whilst, conservative treatment is effective in cases of hyperlaxity or in the absence of bone abnormality, failure of conservative treatment means that open or arthroscopic surgery is required. In general, soft-tissue reconstructions are carried out in cases of capsulolabral lesions in which bone anatomy is normal, whereas bone grafts have been required in cases where posterior bony Bankart lesions, glenoid defects, or posterior glenoid dysplasia are present. However, a consensus on the exact management of posterior shoulder instability is yet to be reached, and published studies are few with weak evidence. In our study, we report the reconstruction of the glenoid using iliac bone graft in a patient suffering recurrent posterior shoulder instability with severe glenoid bone defect.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.214-218
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• 1977

There appears to be significant problems remained in the treatment of thoracic empyema inspire of the more potent broad spectrum antimicrobial agents available and improved surgical managements. Clinical analysis of 60 patients of thoracic empyema was done who received major and/or minor surgical intervention at the Dept. of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Korea University Hospital in the period of 3 years from May 1973 to July 1976. Following was the results: 1. Male was predominent to female with the ratio of 2.16 to 1, and adult to infant was 2.75: 1. 2. Most frequent predisposing factors of thoracic empyema in infancy and childhood was pneumonia [38.3%], and in adult was pulmonary tuberculosis [36.7%]. 3. Cardinal symptoms were dyspnea, fever, chest pain and productive cough etc. 4. Positive result of bacteriological culture study was reported in 26. 7%, and among them, Staph. aureus [10%], Diplo. pneumonia [3.3%], Streptococcal group [1.7%], Pseu. aeruginosa [1.7%], Paracolon bacilli [1.7%] and others [8.3%] in respectively. No growth of pathologic organism was reported in 60.0%, and not requested in 13.3%. Among the negative group, tuberculosis was confirmed on pathological tissue slide in half and other half was not determined bacteriologically and pathologically. 5. Surgical treatment was performed to the almost all of the patients with closed thoracostomy [48.3%], empyemectomy [28.3%], empyemectomy with pulmonary resection [11.7%] and others [I1.6%] in respectively with favorable results. 6. Mortality rate was 8.3% [5 cases], each one with lung cancer, diabetes mellitus, respiratory insufficiency, sepsis and another, two months old infant with asphyxia.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.125-132
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• 1976

The author made clinical study of 100 cases of empyema in infancy and childhood that were treated at the Department of Chest Surgery, Busan University Hospital and Busan Children's Charity Hospital, from Jan 1962 to Nov. 1975. 1. In infancy and childhood, 62 cases out of my 100 cases of empyema were caused by .staphylococci and most of recent reports showed a gradual increase in number of staphylococcal empyema. 2. Most frequent lesion predisposing to empyema in infancy and childhood was pneumonia (72%), being remarkable in staphylococcal empyema (85.5%) to that of others. 3. Antibiotics sensitivity test for staphylococci revealed that the erythromycin was most susceptible (85. 5%). 4. The mortality rate was 6% in over all and the author believes that from the point of view of surgical treatment, failure of early continuous drainage on account of multiple thoracentesis for the early stage of empyema, and also early open thoracotomy procedure such as decortication were all the contributing factors to higher mortality in the empyema of infancy and childhood. 5. It may be concluded that the treatment of choice for empyema in infancy and childhood were early and prolonged continuous drainage of pus by closed thoracotomy with caution and administration of more susceptible antibiotics with nutritional support.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.59 no.3
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• pp.149-152
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• 2016

We report a case of a 5-year-old girl who developed left hemiparesis and left facial palsy, 6 days after the initiation of fever and respiratory symptoms due to pneumonia. Chest radiography, conducted upon admission, showed pneumonic infiltration and pleural effusion in the left lung field. Brain magnetic resonance imaging showed acute ischemic infarction in the right middle cerebral artery territory. Brain magnetic resonance angiography and transfemoral cerebral angiography revealed complete occlusion of the right middle cerebral artery. Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection was identified by a 4-fold increase in IgG antibodies to M. pneumoniae between acute and convalescent sera by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Fibrinogen and D-dimer levels were elevated, while laboratory exams in order to identify other predisposing factors of pediatric stroke were all negative. This is the first reported pediatric case in English literature of a M. pneumoniae-associated cerebral infarction involving complete occlusion of the right middle cerebral artery.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.403-410
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• 1979

A Clinical analysis of 64 patients of thoracic empyema was done who received surgical intervention at Dept. of Thoracic Surgery of the Chosun University Hospital in the period of 3 years from September 1976 to October 1979. Following was the results: 1. Seven cases [10.9%] were under the age of 15 years, 16 cases [25%] was between 15-30 years and 41 cases [64.1%] was above the age of 30 years. A proportion of children and adult was 1:8. 2. Male and female ratio was 3:1. Right and left side pleural cavity ratio was 2.4:1. 3. Predisposing factors were pneumonia [35.9%] and pulmonary tuberculosis [28.1%]. 4. Most frequently encountered symptoms were dyspnea, cough, chest pain and fever in order. 5. Etiologic organisms were confirmed in 39 cases [86.7%] which requested in 45 cases. Staphylococcal infections were 11 cases and streptococcal, pneumococcal pseudomonas infection was infected in order. 6. Pneumothorax was associated with empyema on 21 cases [32.8%]; among those 13 cases [61.9%] were tuberculous in nature. 7. Sensitivity test was revealed that Minocin was most very sensitive drug, and next Erythromycin, Gentamycin and Penbrex in order. But most resistant drugs were Penicillin, Kanamycin, Streptomycin and Tetracycline in order. 8. Treatments were combined with antibiotics therapy and several surgical procedures for empyema. 26 cases [40.6%] were treated with closed thoracotomy drainage, 17 cases [26.6%] with open thoracotomy tube drainage and 9 cases decortication and 9 cases thoracoplasty. 9. 2 death cases occurred in 64 cases of thoracic empyema, and 79.7% cases were discharged with recovery and improvement.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.416-421
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• 1992

Male urethral diverticulum is uncommon lesion, furthermore calculus formation within the male urethral diverticulum is very rare. Generally, urethral diverticula are classified as congenital and acquired. The majority of male urethral diverticula are acquired and approximately 10 to 20 per cent are congenital. Acquired urethral diverticula in the male may arise from many sources, including infection(prostatic abscess, infection of periurethral glands, hematoma or schistosomiasis), obstruction (stricutre, impacted stone, Cunningham clamp or condom catheter) and trauma(instrumentation, external injury and pelvic fracture). Calculi formation is more common in the acquired diverticulum owing to stagnation of urine and infection. These calculi in the diverticulum usually are solitary and may attain considerable size with predisposing factors. 1) a ureteral or bladder calculus that is lodged in the urethra, 2) urethral trauma or stricture, 3) calcification around a foreign body or hair. The treatment of urethral diverticulum conbined with stone is excision of the diverticula with removal of stone. We treated two cases of urethral diverticulum combined with stone in the male, and report with review of literature.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.131-135
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• 2000

Spontaneous spinal epidural hematoma, an idiopathic accumulation of blood in the vertebral epidural space without identifiable predisposing factors, is a rare condition. The diagnosis can be made from a careful history and neurological examination, but clinical diagnosis is often difficult because of its non-specific symptomatology and it can be confused with myocardial infarct, musculoskeletal pain, vasculitis and acute dissection of an aortic aneurysm. For a favourable outcome, early decompressive laminectomy and evacuation of hematoma are necessary. We report a 50-year-old female who presented with acute paraparesis and back pain on thoracic area. Diagnosis of spinal epidural hematoma which extended over $T_4-T_9$ was made by magnetic resonance imaging. We performed immediately decompressive laminectomy and evacuated the epidural hematoma. No cause for bleeding was evident. Postoperatively, neurological symptoms disappeared within six weeks.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.47 no.5
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• pp.468-472
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• 2014

Diffuse refractory vascular spasms associated with coronary bypass artery grafting (CABG) are rare but devastating. A 42-year-old male patient with a past history of stent insertion was referred for the surgical treatment of a recurrent left main coronary artery disease. A hemodynamic derangement developed during graft harvesting, necessitating a hurried initiation of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). Although CABG was carried out as planned, the patient could not be weaned from the bypass. An emergency coronary angiography demonstrated a diffuse spasm of both native coronary arteries and grafts. CPB was switched to the femorofemoral extracorporeal membrane oxygenator (ECMO). Although he managed to recover from heart failure, his discharge was delayed due to the ischemic injury of the lower limb secondary to cannulation for ECMO. We reviewed the case and literature, placing emphasis on the predisposing factors and appropriate management.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.141-150
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• 1997

A clinic study was carried out on 83 neuropsychiatric outpatients who visited 'Hwabyung Clinic' in Oriental Hospital of Kyung Hee University from July 1 in 1996, in order to study clinical research and the aspect of 'Hwa'. 1. Onset of stress that causes of Hwabyung was 14.23 years ago and onset of symptoms were 6.39 years ago. Hwabyung patients were maintaining their marital state and were under the same stress that was thought to be the chief causes of the Hwabyung..3. Familiar troubles including their spouse were the main cause of the Hwabyung, which suggested that prolonged trobles were more important rather than sudden emotional shock, and it was obvious that the patients were recognizing the predisposing factors of Hwabyung.5. The emotional state which led to Hwabyung and the present state caused by Heabyung were complicated very much. Feeling being mortified, anger and resentment were gradually changed into anxiety, irritability, depression and loss of interest.6. The somatic symptoms of Hwabyung were flushing, insomnia, hradache, dizziness, and oppressed.7. The feeling of flushing were whole body, front of the body and upper of the body.