• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.29 no.8
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• pp.165-170
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• 2024

This study aims to verify the accuracy of the air quality management system in Yangju City using an artificial intelligence (AI) evaluation model. The consistency and reliability of fine dust data were assessed by comparing public data from the Ministry of Environment with data from Yangju City's air quality management system. To this end, we analyzed the completeness, uniqueness, validity, consistency, accuracy, and integrity of the data. Exploratory statistical analysis was employed to compare data consistency. The results of the AI-based data quality index evaluation revealed no statistically significant differences between the two datasets. Among AI-based algorithms, the random forest model demonstrated the highest predictive accuracy, with its performance evaluated through ROC curves and AUC. Notably, the random forest model was identified as a valuable tool for optimizing the air quality management system. This study confirms that the reliability and suitability of fine dust data can be effectively assessed using AI-based model performance evaluation, contributing to the advancement of air quality management strategies.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.677-692
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• 2005

The assessment of sodium intake is complex because of the variety and nature of dietary sodium. This study intended to develop a dish frequency questionnaire (DFQ) for estimating the habitual sodium intake and a short DFQ for screening subjects with high or low sodium intake. For DFQ112, one hundred and twelve dish items were selected based on the information of sodium content of the one serving size and consumption frequency. Frequency of consumption was determined through nine categories ranging from more than 3 times a day to almost never to indicate how often the specified amount of each food item was consumed during the past 6 months. One hundred seventy one adults (male: 78, female: 93) who visited hypertension or health examination clinic participated in the validation study. DFQ55 was developed from DFQ112 by omitting the food items not frequently consumed, selecting the dish items that showed higher sodium content per one portion size and higher consumption frequency. To develop a short DFQs for classifying subjects with low or high sodium intakes, the weighed score according to the sodium content of one protion size was given to each dish item of DFQ25 or DFQ14 and multiplied with the consumption frequency score. A sum index of all the dish items was formed and called sodium index (Na index). For validation study the DFQ112, 2-day diet record and one 24-hour urine collection were analyzed to estimate sodium intakes. The sodium intakes estimated with DFQ112 and 24-h urine analysis showed $65\%$ agreement to be classified into the same quartile and showed significant correlation (r=0.563 p<0.05). However, the actual amount of sodium intake estimated with DFQ112 (male: 6221.9mg, female: 6127.6mg) showed substantial difference with that of 24-h urine analysis (male: 4556.9mg, female: 5107.4mg). The sodium intake estimated with DFQ55 (male: 4848.5mg, female: 4884.3mg) showed small difference from that estimated with 24-h urine analysis, higher proportion to be classfied into the same quartile and higher correlation with the sodium intakes estimated with 24-h urine analysis and systolic blood pressure. It seems DFQ55 can be used as a tool for quantitative estimation of sodium intake. Na index25 or Na index14 showed $39\~50\%$ agreement to be classified into the same quartile, substantial correlations with the sodium intake estimated with DFQ55 and significant correlations with the sodium intake estimated with 24-h urine analysis. When point 119 for Na index25 was used as a criterion of low sodium intake, sensitivity, specificity and positive predictive value was $62.5\%,\;81.8\%\;and\;53.2\%$, respectively. When point 102 for Na index14 was used as a criterion of high sodium intake, sensitivity, specificity and positive predictive value were $73.8\%,\;84.0\%,\;62.0\%$, respectively. It seems the short DFQs using Na index 14 or Na index25 are simple, easy and proper instruments to classify the low or high sodium intake group.

• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.153-160
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• 1999

Animal models can provide a useful tool for the study of some aspects of psychiatric disorders and their treatment. The four criteria for the evaluation of animal models of psychiatric disorders are as following : 1) similarity of inducing conditions 2) similarity of behavioral state 3) common underlying neurobiological mechanisms 4) reversal by clinically effective treatment techniques. Several animal models have been proposed for schizophrenia : phenylethylamine model, L-dopa model, hallucinogen model, cocaine model, amphetamine model, phencyclidine model, noradrenergic reward system lesion model, reticular stimulation model, social isolation model, conditioned avoidance reaction, catalepsy test, paw test, self-stimulation paradigms, latent inhibition paradigms, blocking paradigms, prepulse inhibition of the startle reflex, rodent interaction, social behavior in monkeys, hippocampal damage, high ambient pressure, and models using selective breeding. Among them, animals with bilateral lesion of the hippocampus may provide an adequate animal model for several symptoms of schizophrenia, and ketamine model can reproduce negative symptoms and cognitive deficits as well as positive symptoms of schizophrenia. In conclusion, no model of schizophrenia is entirely representative of the disease, and findings gleaned from model systems must be cautiously interpreted. Furthermore, the process of developing and validating animal models must work in concert with the process to identify reliable measures of human phenomenology.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.43-52
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• 2012

As experiential education services are growing, the need for proper management is increasing. Considering that adequate measures are an essential factor for achieving success in managing something, it is important for managers to use a proper system of metrics to measure the performance of experiential education services. However, in spite of this need, little research has been done to develop a valid and reliable set of metrics for assessing the quality of experiential education services. The current study aims to develop a multi-item instrument for assessing the service quality of experiential education. The specific procedure is as follows. First, we generated a pool of possible metrics based on diverse literature on service quality. We elicited possiblemetric items not only from general service quality metrics such as SERVQUAL and SERVPERF but also from educational service quality metrics such as HEdPERF and PESPERF. Second, specialist teachers in the experiential education area screened the initial metrics to boost face validity. Third, we proceeded with multiple rounds of empirical validation of those metrics. Based on this processes, we refined the metrics to determine the final metrics to be used. Fourth, we examined predictive validity by checking the well-established positive relationship between each dimension of metrics and customer satisfaction. In sum, starting with the initial pool of scale items elicited from the previous literature and purifying them empirically through the surveying method, we developed a four-dimensional systemized scale to measure the superiority of experiential education and named it "Experiential Education PERFormance" (EEPERF). Our findings indicate that students (consumers) perceive the superiority of the experiential education (EE) service in the following four dimensions: EE-empathy, EE-reliability, EE-outcome, and EE-landscape. EE-empathy is a judgment in response to the question, "How empathetically does the experiential educational service provider interact with me?" Principal measures are "How well does the service provider understand my needs?," and "How well does the service provider listen to my voice?" Next, EE-reliability is a judgment in response to the question, "How reliably does the experiential educational service provider interact with me?" Major measures are "How reliable is the schedule here?," and "How credible is the service provider?" EE-outcome is a judgmentin response to the question, "What results could I get from this experiential educational service encounter?" Representative measures are "How good is the information that I will acquire form this service encounter?," and "How useful is this service encounter in helping me develop creativity?" Finally, EE-landscape is a judgment about the physical environment. Essential measures are "How convenient is the access to the service encounter?,"and "How well managed are the facilities?" We showed the reliability and validity of the system of metrics. All four dimensions influence customer satisfaction significantly. Practitioners may use the results in planning experiential educational service programs and evaluating each service encounter. The current study isexpected to act as a stepping-stone for future scale improvement. In this case, researchers may use the experience quality paradigm that has recently arisen.

• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.187-217
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• 2022

The aim of this study is to examine the psychometric properties of the Korean version of the Post-traumatic Stress Disorder Checklist for DSM-5(PCL-5). For this purpose, online surveys were conducted for two times with a one year interval using the data from 1,077 Korean adults at time 1, and 563 Korean adults at time 2. First, from the result of the confirmatory factor analysis, comparing the model fit of the 1, 4, 6, and 7-factor model, the 4, 6, and 7-factor model showed a acceptable fit, and the best fit was seen in the order of the 7, 6, 4-factor model. Second, the internal consistency, omega coefficient, construct validity, average variance extracted, and test-retest reliability results were all satisfactory.. Third, a correlation analysis with the K-PC-PTSD-5 and the sub-factors of BSI-18 was conducted to check the validity of the Korean Version of PCL-5. As a result, a positive correlation was seen with both K-PC-PTSD-5 and BSI-18. Fourth, a hierarchical multiple regression was performed to examine whether the Korean Version of PCL-5 predicts future PTSD, depression, anxiety, and somatization. As a result, the Korean Version of PCL-5 measured at time 1 significantly predicted PTSD, depression, anxiety, and somatization symptoms at time 2. Fifth, by analyzing the ROC curve, the discriminant power of PCL-5 for screening PTSD symptom groups was confirmed, and the best cut-off score was suggested. As a result of the longitudinal validation of Korean version of PCL-5, it was found that this scale is a reliable and valid measure for Korean adults. By looking into the predictive validity of the scale, it was found that the Korean version of PCL-5 can predict not only PTSD symptoms but also PTSD-related symptoms such as depression, anxiety, and somatization. Also, this study differs from previous validation studies measuring PTSD symptoms in that it suggested a cut-off score to help differentiate PTSD symptom groups.

• The Korean Society of Law and Medicine
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.85-124
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• 2016

The Human gene testing act (GenDG) in Germany starts from the characteristic features of gene testing, i.e. dualisting structure consisted of anlaysis on the one side and the interpretation on the other side. The linguistic distincion of 'testing', 'anlaysis' and 'judgment' in the act is a fine example. Another important basis of the regulation is the ideological purpose of the law, that is information autonomy. The normative texts as such and the founding principle are the basis of the classification of testing types. Especially in the case of gene testing for medical purpose is classified into testing for diagnostic purpose and predictive purpose. However, those two types are not always clearly differentiated because the predictive value of testing is common in both types. In the legal regulation of gene testing it is therefore important to manage the uncertainty and subjectivity which are inherent in the gene-analysis and the judgment. In GenDG the system ensuring the quality of analysis is set up and GEKO(Commity for gene tisting) based on the section 23 of GenDG concretes the criterium of validity through guidelines. It is also very important in the case of gene testing for medical purpose to set up the system for ensurement of procedural rationality of the interpretation. The interpretation of the results of analysis has a wide spectrum because of the consistent development of technology on the one side and different understandings of different subjects who performs gene testings. Therefore the process should include the communication process for patients in oder that he or she could understand the meaning of gene testing and make plans of life. In GenDG the process of genetic counselling and GEKO concretes the regulation very precisely. The regulation as such in GenDG seems to be very suggestive to Korean legal polic concerning the gene testing.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.349-358
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• 2003

Objectives : Aseptic meningitis is a major cause of Korean childhood morbidity late spring and early summer. However, the nationwide incidences of the disease have not been reported. This study was conducted to evaluate the availability of National Health Insurance data (NHID) for the study of an epidemiological trend in the surveillance of aseptic meningitis in children. Methods : All the claims, under A87, A87.8, and A87.9 by ICD-10, among children below 15 years of age, to the National Health Insurance Corporation, between January and December 1998, were extracted. A survey of the medical record of 3,874 cases from 136 general hospitals was peformed. The availability of the NHID was evaluated by the three following methods: 1) The diagnostic accuracy (the positive Predictive value : proportion of the confirmed aseptic meningitis among the subjects registered as above disease-codes in NHID) was evaluated through a chart review, and according to age, gender, month and region of disease-occurrence. 2) The distribution of confirmed cases was compared with the distribution of total subjects from the NHID, for subjects in General hospitals, or the subjects surveyed. 3) The proportion of confirmed CSF test was confirmed, and the relating factor, which was the difference in CSF-test rate, analyzed. Results : Among 3,874 cases, CSF examinations were peformed on 1,845 (47.6%), and the CSF-test rates were different according to the medical utility (admission vs. OPD visit) and the severity of the symptoms and signs. The diagnostic accuracy for aseptic meningitis, and during the epidemic (May-Aug) and sporadic (Sept-Apr) periods, were 85.0 (1,568/1,845), 86.0 (1,239/l,440) and 81.2% (329/405), respectively. The distributions by age, sex, month or period (epidemic/sporadic) and region, in the confirmed cases, were similar to those in the NHID, in both the subjects at General hospitals and in those surveyed, to within ${\pm}7%$. Conclusions : In this paper, the NHID for the subjects registered with an aseptic meningitis disease-code might be available for an epidemiological study on the incidence-estimation of childhood aseptic meningitis, as the NHID could include both the probable and definite cases. On the basis of this result, further studies of time-series and secular trend analyses, using the NHID, will be peformed.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.11
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• pp.672-682
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• 2020

The Korea Nowadays, which is research on digital twin technology for efficient operation in various industrial/manufacturing sites, is being actively conducted, and gradual depletion of fossil fuels and environmental pollution issues require new renewable/eco-friendly power generation methods, such as wave power plants. In wave power generation, however, which generates electricity from the energy of waves, it is very important to understand and predict the amount of power generation and operational efficiency factors, such as breakdown, because these are closely related by wave energy with high variability. Therefore, it is necessary to derive a meaningful correlation between highly volatile data, such as wave height data and sensor data in an oscillating water column (OWC) chamber. Secondly, the methodological study, which can predict the desired information, should be conducted by learning the prediction situation with the extracted data based on the derived correlation. This study designed a workflow-based training model using a machine learning framework to predict the pressure of the OWC. In addition, the validity of the pressure prediction analysis was verified through a verification and evaluation dataset using an IoT sensor data to enable smart operation and maintenance with the digital twin of the wave generation system.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.153-162
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• 2016

The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome risk factors for adults in the general population, understand the relationship of each factor with the obesity indicators, and examine the relevance and validity for predicting the metabolic syndrome in obese indicators. The study subjects were 1,051 adults aged 20 years and over, who underwent a health package check-up at the Korea Association of Health Promotion, D-branch from Feb. to Nov. 2014. As a result, the prevalence rates of metabolic syndrome of the study subjects were 21.5%, and the prevalence rates of the metabolic risk factors were as follows: 31.8% of men and 41.6% of women for abdominal obesity; 35.6% of men and 17.3% of women for TG; 17.6% of men and 34.2% of women for HDL-C; 53.5% of men and 35.9% of women for blood pressure; and 14.9% of men and 6.8% of women for FBS. The prevalence rates of metabolic syndrome were significantly higher in the older age group, in the group with the higher BMI, and in the group of higher level of drinking frequency. In the predictive indicators of obesity on metabolic syndrome risk factors, the waist / height ratio was higher than other indicators. Conclusively, WHtR appeared to be a useful indicator to show abdominal obesity and is better in selecting metabolic syndrome patients compared to other obesity indicators.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.75-81
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• 2009

Objectives : This study aimed to evaluate the clinical usefulness of Korean version of Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire(SDQ-Kr) by comparing with Korean version of Childhood Behavior Checklist (K-CBCL). Methods : The parent version of SDQ-Kr and K-CBCL were administered to parents of 313 children in psychiatric clinic, 91 children referred for psychiatric consultation from pediatric clinic and 93 control children in pediatric clinic. All children aged 4-11 years old. Children in psychiatric clinic were diagnosed with one of followings;ADHD, emotional disorders and oppositional/conduct disorder. Mean scores were compared among three groups by gender. Coefficients were calculated for corresponding problem scales and total scores of both questionnaires. ROC analysis was performed for discriminant validity to distinguish psychiatry and pediatrics samples, and also to distinguish diagnostic groups of psychiatry sample. Results : The psychiatry sample showed highest means of problem scales and total scores, followed by consultation and control sample of pediatrics. SDQ-Kr and K-CBCL were significantly correlated, and equally able to distinguish those samples with SDQ-Kr showing better results. Within the psychiatry sample, SDQ-Kr had higher predictive power for all diagnostic groups. Conclusion : This study supports clinical usefulness of SDQ-Kr. We suggest that SDQ-Kr could be used not only as a diagnostic tool for children in psychiatric clinic but also as an effective and efficient screening instrument for children in need for psychiatric evaluation in pediatric clinic.