• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.271-275
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• 1993

In order to prepare a novel human insulin analogue suhbstituted with homoserine at B$^{30}$ / position, (B$^{30}$ /-homoserine) human insulin, a synthetic gene was designed by linking directly a gene for B chain with that for A chain. This gene was constructed by enzymatic joining of 10 different synthetic oligonucleotides, and then inserted at the polylinker region of pUC19 plasmid. To achieve a high level of gene expression, the gene fusion technique region of pUC19 plasmid. To achieve a high level of gene expression, the gene fusion technique was employed using amino terminal regions of lacZ gene up to Clal or hpal, and either of them has been located under tac promoter. The chemical induction of these fused genes by isopropyl-.betha.-D-thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG) gave a satisfactory level of expression in Escherichia coli harboring the ocnstructed plasmids. It was observed that the fused gene product as a single chain insulin precusor was produced more than 30% of total cell protein of E. coli as a form of inclusion body.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.126-132
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• 1997

Trihalomethanes (THMs) are formed during the chlorination of waters containing precusors compounds, most commonly humic substances, changes in pH, TOC, temperature, precusor source and concentration chlorine dosage, bromide level and reaction time directly influence trihalomethane formation potential (THMFP) and kinetics. A standard THMFP experiment was conducted for each water under the following conditions ; $20^{\circ}C$, pH 7.4, reaction time of 48hr, TOC 5.7mgC/L. A series of kinetic experiments was conducted for each water to provide THM formation under varying conditions of reaction time, pH, temperature and TOC, chlorine dosage. The resultant mutiple parameter powre function predicts a THM which allows direct calculation of THM, is $[THM]=0.00039(pH-2.81)[TOC][Cl_2]^{0.321}\;t^{0.266}\;T^{0.286}$ Characteristics of raw water in advanced drinking water treatment pilot plant were, TOC levels ran from 4.42~6.84mgC/L, pH 7.2~7.8, temperature $7.0{\sim}18.4^{\circ}C$, UV-254 absorbance $0.057{\sim}0.85cm^{-1}$, THM levels ranged from 0.031~0.049mgC/L.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.572-576
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• 2012

This study presents the $CO_2$ methanation reaction on Pt catalysts for reducing the amount of $CO_2$, one of greenhouse gases. The AlO(OH) of $Al_2O_3$precusor was used as a support via a thermal treatment and the Pt was used as an active metal. In XRD results, it was confirmed that the Pt was well dispersed and the support existed as the gamma $Al_2O_3$phase. The $Pt/Al_2O_3$ catalyst calcined at $600^{\circ}C$ showed the highest conversion efficiency and selectivity.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.68-72
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• 1990

Little is known about the regulation of IAA level in plants under low temperature. On exposing 6-day-old etiolated pea(Pisum sativum L. var. Sparkle) seedlings grown at $25^{\circ}$ to $5^{\circ}$ for 3 days, free IAA level decreased from 17.6 to 4.9 ng/g fresh weight(that is, from 68 to 10 pmol/shoot) and total IAA level from 113.2 to 60.8 ng/g FW. The level of free tryptophan, precusor of IAA, also decreased from 583 to 414 nmol/g FW and that of free phenylalanine and tyrosine, products of shikimic acid pathway along with tryptophan, decreased from 3,168 to 2,327 nmol/g FW. Thus low temperature was found to down-regulate the level of endogenous IAA, in part, by reducing tryptophan biosynthesis in etiolated pea shoots.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.1 no.5
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• pp.581-589
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• 1997

This study was undertaken to examine the effects of ultraviolet light (UVL) and rebamipide on the cutaneous blood flow and tissue survival on rabbit skin flap. In a random bipedicle flap, Laser Doppler Flowmetry (LDF) was employed to measure the blood flow of flap (BFF). Wound Margin Strength (WMS) measured by force transducer and Light microscophy were used for evaluation of tissue viability. Single exposure to UVL increased the BFF gradually for more than 15 hours, and decreased the vasoconstrictor effect of intravenous phenylephrine. The UVL-induced increase in BFF regressed after 18 hours of irradiation, and this regression was tended to be enhanced by intradermal injection of L-NAME, a nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor, but the regression was significantly reversed by acetylcholine, an endothelial constitutive NOS (cNOS) activator and L-arginine, an NO precusor. Rebamipide, a novel antiulcer agent known to scavenge the hydroxyl radical, abruptly reversed the spontaneous regression of the UVL- induced increase in BFF by the same manner as L-arginine. In ischemic skin flap, rebamipide increased the BFF abruptly by the same manner as sodium nitroprusside (SNP), an NO doner, while N-acetylcystein (NAC), a free radical scavenger, gradually increase the BFF. The rebamipide-induced increase in BFF was sustained at the level of the SNP-induced increase in BFF during the late period of experiment. Rebamipide increased the WMS of skin flaps and prevented the tissue necrosis in comparison with L-NAME. Based on these results, it is concluded that in rabbit skin, UVL irradiation increases the BFF by NO release, and rebamipide exerts a protective effect on the viability of ischemic skin flaps by either or both the increase in BFF by NO release and free radical scavenger effect.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.26-30
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• 1994

Some ammonium oxalate soluble pectic fragments prepared from cultured cell wall of Ephycla distrahya elicited the accumulation of p-coumarocylamino acids (p-CAA) in E. distachya cultures while water soluble and alkali soluble fractions had no activity. Partial purification of the pectic fragments fraction using DEAE-cellulose chromatography afforded two active fractions (PS-I and PS-II) which were composed of mainly uronic acids (98-99 w/w %). They elicited the accumulation of p-CAA in an amount of 52-60 nmol per gram fresh weight of cultures. The acidic sugar compositions of PS-I and PS-II were found to be galacturonic acid and glucuronic acid by TLC analysis. They were supposed to act as endogenous elicitors of p-CAA accumulation. In order to investigate the effect of ethylene on p-CAA accumulation, Ethrel, which is known as ethylene generator, and ACC(1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid), a direct precusor of ethylene biosynthesis, were added to the culture. However, they did not glycopeptide elicitor [(Con A-II)], either. Consequently, no relationships between ethylene and p-CAA accumulation were recognized. Several tentative elicitors were teted for their activity. Commercial yeast glucan, $CuCl_2$, laminarin and laminariheptaose had slight activity whereas ${\alpha}$-methylmannopyranoside and commercial yeast mannan had no elicitor activity. ${\alpha}$-methylmannopyranoside which has been known as a tentative inhibitor of glucan elicitor in Glycine max did not affect on the elicitor activity of Con A-II.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.218-218
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• 2002

Using two drugs, tunicamycin and brefeldin A, which affect protein processing, we investigated the intracellular processing mechanism of secreted aspartyl proteinase 1 (SAPl) of Candide albicans. Three intracellular forms of SAPI were detected by immunoblotting using menoclonal antibody (MAb) CAPl. Their molecular weights were approximately 40, 41 and 45 kDa, respectively. The 41 kDa protein is a glycoprotein and may be the same as the extracellular form judging by its molecular mass. The 40 kDa protein was the unglycosylated form and its molecular mass coincided with deglycosylated SAPl and the 45 kDa protein was also the unglycosylated form. Neither the 40 and 45 kDa proteins were detected in the culture supernatant of C. albicans. These suggested that the 40 and 45 kDa proteins might be intracellular precursor forms of SAPI. These results show that SAPI is translated as a 45 kDa precusor form in the endoplasmic reticulum and the 45 kDa precursor farm undergoes proteolytic cleavage after translocation into the Golgi apparatus, generating the 40 kDa precursor form. This 40 kDa precursor is converted into a 41 kDa mature form through glycosylation in the Golgi apparatus. The mature form of the 41 kDa protein is sorted into secretary vesicles and finally released into the extracellular space through membrane fusion. When the glycan region of SAPl was digested with N-glycosidase F, both stability and activity of the enzyme decreased. These results indicate that the glycan attached to the enzyme may, at least in parti be related to enzyme stability and activity.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.65-76
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• 2004

Alzheimer's disease(AD) is a geriatric dementia that is widespread in old ages. In the future AD will be the largest problem in public health service. From old times, much medicines have been used for treatment of dementia, but there is no medicine having obvious effects. AD is one of brain retrogression disease. So we studied on herbal medicine that have a relation for brain retrogression. From old times, in oriental medicine, senile disease such as dementia and AD is treated by exclusion of Tan(痰). But Vascular Dementia(VsD) is due to YuXue(瘀血). So in recent studies, Hua Xue Hua Yu(活血化瘀) medicine is used for precautionary and medical treatment. We studied on the effects for anti-Alzheimer in pCT105-induced neuroblastoma cell lines by Hyeolbuchukeo-tang(HCT). As the results of this study, in HCT group, the apoptosis in the nervous system is inhibited, the repair against the degeneration of Neuroblastoma cells by CT105 expression is promoted. These results indicate that HCT possess strong inhibitory effect of apoptosis in the nervous system and repair effect against the degeneration of neuroblastoma cells by CT105 expression.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2000.02a
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• pp.98-98
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• 2000

초고집적(ULSI) 반도체 소자의 multilevel metalization을 위한 중간 유저네로서 저 유전상수(k<)와 높은 열적안정성(>45$0^{\circ}C$)을 갖는 새로운 물질을 도입하는 것이 필요하다. 중합체 박막은 낮은 유전상수와 높은 열적 안정성으로 인하여 low-k 물질로 적당하다고 여겨진다. PECVD에 의한 plasma polymer 박막의 증착은 많이 보고되어 왔으마 고밀도 플라즈마 형성이 가능하고 기판으로 유입되는 ion의 energy 조절이 가능한 inductively coupled plasma(ICP) CVD에 의한 plasma polymer 박막에 대한 연구는 보고된 바 없다. 본 연구에서는 Mtehyl-cyclohexane precusor를 사용하여 substrate에 bias를 주면서 inductively coupled plasma(ICP)를 이용하여 플라즈마 폴리머 박막(plasma polymerized methyl-cyclohexane : 이하^g , pp MCH라 칭함)을 증착하였으며 ICP power와 substrate bias(SB) power가 증착된 박막의 특성에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지 알아보았다. 증착된 박막의 유전상 수 및 열적 안정성은 ICP power의 변화에 비해 SB power의 변화에 더 크게 영향을 받았다.^g , pp MCH 박막은 platinum(Pt) 기판과 silicon 기판위에서 같이 증착되었다. Methyl-cyclohexane precursor는 4$0^{\circ}C$로 유지된 bubbler에 담겨지고 carrier 가스 (H2:10%, He:90%)에 의해 reactor 내부로 유입된다.^g , pp MCH 박막은 증착압력 350 mTorr, 증착온도 6$0^{\circ}C$에서 \circled1SB power를 10W에 고정시키고 ICP power를 5W부터 70W까지, \circled2ICP power를 10W에 고정시키고 SB power를 5W부터 70W까지 변화하면서 증착하였다. 유전 상수 및 절연성은 Al/PPMCH//Pt 구조의 capacitor를 만들어서 측정하였으며, 열적 안정성은 Ar 분위기에서 30분간의 열처리 전후의 두께 변화를 측정함으로써 분석하였다. SB power 10W에서 ICP power가 5W에서 70w로 증가함에 따라 유전상수는 2.65에서 3.14로 증가하였다. 열적 안정성은 ICP power의 증가에 따라서는 크게 향상되지 않은 것으로 나타났다. ICP power 10W에서 SB power가 5W에서 70W로 증가함에 따라 유전상수는 2.63에서 3.46으로 증가하였다. 열적 안정성은 SB power의 증가에 따라 현저하게 향상되었으며 30W 이상에서 증착된 박막은 45$0^{\circ}C$까지 안정하였고, 70W에서 증착된 박막은 50$0^{\circ}C$까지 안정하였다. 열적 안정성은 ICP power의 증가에 따라서는 현저하게 향상되었다. 그 원인은 SB power의 인가에 의해 활성화된 precursor 분자들이 큰 에너지를 가지고 기판에 유입되어 치밀한 박막이 형성되었기 때문으로 사료된다.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.454-458
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• 2007

The removal characteristics of ionic species, such as $Ca^{2+}$, $Mg^{2+}$, $Sr^{2+}$, $SO{_4}^{2-}$, $NO{_3}^-$, and $Cl^-$ by adsorption on the alumina were investigated. Alumina precusor powders were prepared from $Al(NO_3)_3{\cdot}9H_2O$ and $NH_4OH$. Alumina materials prepared from the heat treatment in a furnace at $450{\sim}750^{\circ}C$ for 5 h were analysed using FT-IR and the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) method. The specific surface area of the product particles decreased significantly with treatment temperature. The adsorption capacities of $SO{_4}^{2-}$and $NO{_3}^-$ on alumina were 23 mg/g and 12.4 mg/g, respectively. But, removal efficiencies of $Cl^-$ were less than 4 mg/g. In general, the removal efficiencies of the anion species were decreased with increasing treatment temperature. The best anion removal efficiency was obtained when the alumina was treated under $450^{\circ}C$. Removal efficiencies of $Ca^{2+}$, $Mg^{2+}$, and $Sr^{2+}$ were increased with increasing treatment temperature.